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Okay, good afternoon class.

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2nd here. Oh, okay. I have to chat window open. So if there's any questions, then.

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Folks from there, I might see them, so the major attraction today is professor Edwin photon will be giving us.

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To talk about condense matter, physics and quantum computing he will come in, I think, at 5 o'clock. So, until then a few minutes.

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Mentioned some various things 1st, reminder final project presentations are the last 3 classes of the semester. If you have a preferred.

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Date then, let me know within the next couple of days before the next class, I will assign any 1 who did not email me just I'll fill out the things in alphabetical order or something.

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So, the 2nd graded and published homeworks up through 6 so there'll be a special case. Scott was your 1st in class presentation and your submissions were excellent. Thank you.

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If the semester ended today, your estimated grade would be either an, a minus or an, a, for everyone. So.

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Lowest grade, so far would be a minus. Of course if you screw up the final project badly enough well, that could change but.

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Other things while we're waiting, I think I'd like to show.

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A little blurb from.

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On Honeywell and so we can see what Honeywell is doing and then what I'll do Monday, depending on how long our speaker is out, I'll show you the, but I don't want to show just 5 minutes of the.

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Christopher Munroe, but I can show.

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Quantum computing from Honeywell.

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Silence.

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My name's John I creates can today we're going to talk about quantum computers.

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Because the recent news from Honeywell is that they have the best performing quantum computer out there and there is some data behind it. So let's have a look at that.

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So, for those of you who don't know what is a compound is specializing in high performance computing, but usually this outside of quantum, they've been experimenting with quantum for a couple of years now and.

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They might have some results so let's have a look at that.

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So, basically, what they're claiming is that they have a quantum computer with a quantum volume of 64.

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So, you might ask what's the quantum volume and that's a good question.

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So, usually, when there are claims about quantum computers, being more powerful, that the last existing of the market usually.

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There's nothing in there most the time. So for how many cubeys you have for.

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What are other different statistics quantum volume notion produced by IBM researchers? And we'll discuss that in a moment.

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But there's been some criticism criticism to this notion of quantum volume.

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Basically, what what kind of quantum computer they have is the trap quantum computer.

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And there's some discussion in the blog post that I will link for you down below there's an explanation of what is quantum computing.

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And what that partnership they have, and so on so on.

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Still those kind of quantum computers are the nice era. So, uh, noise to quantum systems, which means they are not really useful commercial yet. They might be useful for research.

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So, let's go back to quantum volume and think about why Honeywell is claimed that they have the best performing quantum computer. So.

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There's another text linking of how far a volume is calculated, but to look at the original paper from IBM research as well.

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Um, and they match the, the quantum volumes are a couple of things that are going into. So number of Cubics.

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I write and then connectivity of Cubics.

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So, basically, that there is this problem that when you do computational with computers.

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You have this whole because the cohesion alignment, and now is coming into your computations, which totally make.

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My invite all the computations you're making and so it's much harder to control quantum computer is that classical computers and so.

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Number of Cubics snow the normal no, not enough of the notion to actually go for a because if you were just to compare a number of Cubics, then D wave is winning by large because I think they have like.

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608000 cubital and daylight smashing, but they are all.

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Connected to, like, in the line so there's not much you can do compared to more.

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Come back to kind of arrangements of cubic, especially.

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The 1, who would like to have is the kind of a fully connected quad machine where average cubeys is connected with every other and then you can start talking about quantum entanglement between all the Arctic few minutes and get.

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Get the, most of the, all out of the computation. So this is like the most.

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Normally, in our way of growing through computing power, the problem here is however that.

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If you're increasing this way of connectivity, then you're also increasing the noise and you also increasing the potential your rates between all those.

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Cube, it's good connecting speaking with each other and that's a huge problem. And that's why.

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You need to also take that into account when you're thinking about.

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Commercial applications of quantum computing.

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So, yeah, let's have a look at the original paper original paper from IBM, this called validating, quantum computers, using randomized model. Syracuse. The newest version is from 2019 last year, but I think this dates back to 2017, just as Honeywell mentioned.

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And there's a nice formula for it. Basically they start with like, the Syracuse you want to do computations with.

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And they look at different implementations in your.

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Nice could devise in quantum computer. You have.

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And so that you can compute the depth of the model. So let's have a look at the formula.

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Uh, if you yeah, the formula basically for quantum volumes here is the log of the arc marks mean and the, um, but basically what it's saying is that.

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It really depends on how you can.

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Implementer model Syracuse and you go over different periods to model that which is basically roughly saying that high the bank of the number of Cubics, depending of the guys, connectivity and stuff like that. Everything is going to.

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And they've completed something is the thing T, Magic core measure rank.

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I'm not sure this is the best metric to actually.

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Uh, compare different quantum computers where, especially that you have different technologies going into different quantum computers.

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And this kind of criticism is prevalent also in other.

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In other resources, there's an article from venture beat coming from 3 months ago before Honeywell even at the moment they announced the computer, but before they release it.

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There is some criticism of Honeywell and the quantum volume, so exactly. Like, what is quantum volume really?

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It's really useful and if you go down below, then actually.

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They tried VentureBeat tried to contact a couple of other companies, like, regarding.

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And they said that they don't really care about the notion of the quantum volume. So, actually the statement by Honeywell is saying that they have the best performing quantum computer.

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Means that it's better IBM quantum computer because that's the only quantum computer for which.

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Quantum volume has been computed so far and IBM quantum computer had quantum volume of 32.

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Honeywell, a quantum computer has the volume of 60.

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Bar, so, basically, the whole thing, the whole announcement from Honeywell can take them down to say that.

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Honeywell is made the computer, which is twice as powerful as.

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The computer from IBM well, after this national quantum volume, and it's hard to say anything behind besides that, because.

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It really depends on your approach to quantum computing and, like.

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What kind of technology methodology you're using to actually field the cube it's.

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And then how you actually perform computations and there's.

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There are many different metrics that you can measure your computations.

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So having said that, that means that that's a great progress from Honeywell.

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And it's not clear that they really have the best quantum computer out of there.

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Uh, and it's definitely not the case that.

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This is the point where we start to see commercial applications.

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Uh, this is basically also what it seems that we gathered saying here that.

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They don't care about quantum volume. They only care about the quantum advantage and the quantum advantage being this point, where you have problems that are so label on computers, but not in classical computers. And we still far from this case.

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If the doctor there's this claim from, I think that was Google researchers who did.

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They did, they did solve 1 problem using quantum computers much better that was related to basically general getting data using some probably some, some.

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Data, which was more relate to quantum phenomenon has.

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It was better suited to generate.

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From quantum computer data from the classical computer.

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Using this kind of distributions.

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Distributions so we probably will see some applications of this soon in the future but for now.

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And quantum computers are still in the research.

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So this is basically what I wanted to say around Honeywell, quantum computer right now, but definitely swore following the whole space as there are more and more.

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Interesting announcements coming basically, every month, every 2nd month right now.

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Thank you for watching it realizes come to us please subscribe to my talent and seeing the next that result.

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Silence.

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So, you know, waiting, I'll show, um.

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A 3 minute thing from Honeywell.

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So, get commentary on it. See what they're saying.

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Could I interest you in quantum computing as a service? Honeywell has unveiled model H1 a quantum computer with 10 Cubans, reaching a quantum volume of 128 quoting tech crunch.

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That's higher than comparable efforts by IBM, but also well, behind the QV 4M machine ironic says it was able to achieve with 32 Cubans. The H1 will be available to enterprises through the Azure content platform.

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And the company says it is partnering with computing and Cambridge, quantum computing on this project in addition to the next generation of its quantum computer the company also today announced its overall quantum roadmap for the next 10 years.

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The plan here is to go from 10 to 40 Cuba with all to all activity, as it moves toward a next generation of devices that are fault tolerant and can be deployed at a larger scale and quote.

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Yeah, yeah, yeah great. But what about that quantum computing as a service thing quoting net.

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The tech world may have to make room for a new acronym perhaps Cuba as a service class or some, such as Honeywell has introduced what appears to be the 1st subscription based plan for quantum computing usage.

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With the introduction, Thursday of the companies model H1, quantum computer with 10 Cubans and a logical quantum volume of 128 the company detailed plan to charge in a subscription fashion, based on monthly access to the machines.

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The subscriber license gives a company access over the course of a month to blocks of quote, dedicated time in 2 different flavors, standard and premium with 8 hours per month, dedicated time or 16 hours respectively.

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The idea of blocks of time is to accommodate the need to provide something like quality time in which to do quantum experiments. Quote, we're talking about significant time said, Tony, ugly president of Honeywell, quantum solutions and an interview with leading that.

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That's what we're finding is the most useful right now. It's not gonna be a 5 minute interaction with a quantum computer. It's not even going to be an hour long interaction. Sadly, these are interactions that you want to have tens of hours on before you can demonstrate the kind of utility coming from the systems.

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And 1 reason for the subscription is that there is still substantial handholding that happens those windows of time include participation with the customer by Honeywell,

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quantum serus and Honeywell operations teams who work hand in hand,

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with customers,

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the hands on approach of Honeywell to customer subscriptions makes sense given that much of the work that customers will be doing initially,

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is to gain a sense of trust.

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Sadly, they will be seeing what results they get from the quantum computer and matching those do the same work on a classical computer to validate that the quantum system produces correct output on top of the blocks of dedicated time. Each subscriber can get queuing time set.

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Where jobs are processed as capacity is available and quote.

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So, I love this I love the idea of class Q. a s quantum as a service, but I also love.

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That we've basically reinvented good old time share computing.

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Okay class, um.

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Okay, I'm trying to connect in progressive photon. Give me a minute or 2. I'll have to.

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Hey, I, I am connected. I am here I am, um.

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Silence.

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Oh, sorry I was muted floor. Is yours?

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Thank you. I can't hear you.

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At the moment, yeah, I was, I was muted them. Okay.

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Still trying to get used to the, uh, Webex and everything. It's.

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Vision yeah. Here we go.

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So, thanks a lot for, for inviting me to, uh.

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To talk to your class about the kind of research, which I am the forming within my group and, uh.

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How it relates to quantum computing so most specifically, I'm, I'm a physicist by training, but I'm sitting in a material science department so I.

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Have to think about the type of materials are the types of platforms that we could use for.

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Either for quantum computation for, uh, for quantum logic. So, basically we're interested in looking at and starting. Now.

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Materials that could could host a candidate structures for a, for QB tax from solid state or even a big article.

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In this case the polarized light meaning the is the.

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It's been a momentum of light or the arbitrary line. Yeah.

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Twist at the twist, the middle of the phase, but here's specifically I'm going to focus on.

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On an X, Ray, none of vision a push a way in, which we can.

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Study manuals,

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care,

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materials and control topological topological defects somehow identify a topological excitations in

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this case quite particles that could be used as some possible platforms in solid state,

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a material.

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So you could always.

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Visit the good web page,

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or should be an email out always be excited to talk to you about the kind of research that we,

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I don't know if I'm going to have enough time to go through everything,

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but I would just be as brief as I can be or talk about the reason for developing a lead slice imaging technique and how this approach could provide.

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Information information about material in the time domain,

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and also about material in the rear space domain,

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space domain we could study,

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he couldn't resolve the structure of a given material partial.

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Uh, displacement of, of, of, of of outcomes. If you have displacement fields.

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You can, you can calculate strength cancers and, uh.

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Imagine,

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if you have a fair electric material material,

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which invasion space,

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spatial investment symmetry is broken,

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it means with an external electric field,

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you could displace ions and that displays ions normally would have given a fair electric typo at a moment.

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And then this gives you some state known as the polarization, and those prioritization units could be used for storage, or completed same for the magnetic materials.

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Now, the challenge is to find snipers, which have particles that are protected on a given type of information. So, you could use them for computing.

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I would like to show this slide 8, it shows the application of technology and daily life.

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This is just a slide from the is to get the open the open these days. The.

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Uh, is the is the railway, so I did my PhD in Germany, and I happened to take a pretty nice picture to sort of think about where I would like to be 9 years.

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So, 8 years down the line, I don't want it to be. So, I'm very excited about getting into science. So why are we thinking of our quantum materials? Why do we want to go on to how does.

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Quantum matures related with, with Nano scale. I have 2 extremes here.

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It's the so called quantum quantum gram and then in here, I have a simplistic classic art wrench in the task. I really have a think of of mass attached to a Sprint, and he's fixed on 1 end.

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You can you can pull the spring and the spring can isolate back and forth. If you.

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If it was isolating Friday, he could estimate the, you know, the weight of the mass. So there's a weight energy.

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If it's posted downward and that way, it should be equivalent to the, the tone and falls. That is causing the Sprint to move.

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And you could derive from sort of mounting equation you could have your mass time to secondary get with displacement fields should be equivalent to the Sprint constant multiplied by the displacement and you could have morning equation.

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On come on with a lake and also lecturing solution for the displacement field spacing,

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fear come up with the velocity and the acceleration you basically have this parabolic type profile of behavior of the velocity field.

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I'm now the same approximation classically if you go down into, into crystal structures, you think of a periodic lattice atoms are equal in periodic period.

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In the sense, if it's in either structure the, there's a mathematical concept that scientists mature scientists and pleases like to use to describe the symmetry, which are the.

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The body, the atomic position what? Symmetry base so, this is the Krista let's say some Mathematica construct that. We used to show what type of symmetry, that structural forms.

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For example, things like iron at room temperature would be from a BCC body centered crystal, something like weaker or go from an EPC.

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So that the atoms are arranged himself to form a fade centered cubic picture of the atom to individual outcomes.

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You look at the intercom and potential between those 2 you have this Lennar Jones potential,

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for example,

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you have an equilibrium distance,

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which if you push the atoms,

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when it's going to be attractive for bringing it back together and bring them together,

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it's going to be the 1st,

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that pushes them in some way the atoms can,

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you can see that picture as a classical vibration.

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So,

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within that crystal structure,

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you can think of every individual pair of Atom looking like this picture you can come up with and also literally,

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some wave,

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which is related to the displacement feel also increase sound wave.

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We call them phones and those phone on observation. You have individual modes, because you have frequencies that can be on ties now to look at this type of composition picture there.

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2 ways you can do that. You could say I want to.

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Atoms are also leading atomic atomic displacement. Where about the electron the electrons.

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Right now,

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you have electron phone and Scott will have electrons if it's a medal,

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you have conduction electrons you see the structure the electrons can scatter with the,

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with the framework of the crystal.

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If you know who down the system we call it down to absolute 0. 0, 0T, Calvin, you've frozen semi vibration. So firstly.

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On the phone and vibration, the electrons can flow with very low resistance and.

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Without hitting so much of that vibrating that is, to some extent at that point, you can start in quantum behavior of the electrons.

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That's 1 way another scenario that you could, you could also reduce the dimensionality of the Christa. You want to move away from a bog crystal and reduce the crystal to a nominal size crystal.

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So, an object of 4 dimensions, 10 tend to the minus 10 by 10 minus 9.

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In units of dosing in 10 to 800. the interesting thing right now is that.

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When you go to the, those dimensions.

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The wave property of the electron now,

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starts it plays a very important role or so,

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the electrons in the class stop picture of copy still at the particle particle also lead and create an isolated field.

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Now,

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when you crude on the system dimensionality,

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you bring in something on the relationship that relates wavelength to particle that has momentum,

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meaning that for every massive object,

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there was a wave like properties that could be used to describe the,

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the way function in this case.

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The way function that describes the momentum of article. So, under these circumstances, once you go Nano.

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Think film, I think from the of of with, let's say 10 nanometers and it is and it is a.

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The length in the X, and Y, direction could be a couple of my credits could be couple of years. Now the, uh, the, the wave.

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Then long that which is so, which is so related H by all of a p.

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Uh, the to pursue a wavelength for that wave in this direction, the electronic way function has a.

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A, very large degree of freedom you can also so wait why in the short direction it is confined. It is confined by the dimensionality.

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So now that confinement in none of duration, it gives it, it makes the electronic all because the.

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Uh, too, if you look now in momentum Spacey E, versus against case, based the electronic all because.

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Would look very different, so if you take a stand that insulate or you can plot, you can have a, you can have, we can have a conduction ban.

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You can have 1 band you can have 1 band and then this would be.

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This would be energy and this will be momentum and momentum space.

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If you take the reciproca off a periodic Gladys lease basic energy against momentum,

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what distinguishes an insulator from America from different types of material semiconductor would be the gap between this is the expand this function.

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This function and cancel that solution to that installation cost behavior. So, this gap is pretty wide for integrators for, for semiconductors.

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The gap is very narrow for Silicon, the bank. And it's easy for your menu made is about 0T.8. So it's pretty close.

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It means that for the equipment, you put a little bit of energy to the system electrons, kind of help from the variance, buy into the conduction, create holes. And but we have our semiconductor distribute the interesting thing.

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Right now,

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what I was saying is that depending on the nature of the particle,

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the outside in metallic beat semiconductor,

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if you use dimensionality,

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he can't find the way function to function that describes the momentum of the of the of an electron or collection of electrons.

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Then you start having the quantum effect that we're interested in the 1 hand you have quantum,

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which is very simplistic motto,

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perfect structures,

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1,

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low temperature for example,

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you want to reduce noise,

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electron phone scratching.

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You have classical and these 2 are inter connected.

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And this is why we move from content where you have continuous behavior from the classical way of continues to lower legs where you have content behavior. We have disorganization.

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1,

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interesting thing is that,

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as you reduce the dimensionality,

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this the job has become closer and closer means that these,

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you're actually closing the gap and we could have very interesting specific material,

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which is otherwise an insulator.

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They're trying to tighten, make you make a nano particles finish. Suddenly you will start hovering you start to see conductive behavior regions within the conductors.

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So so these are some of the motivations what kind of materials that we can study. Now, the challenge is now, what what is the.

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The elementary excitation that you can control to be fundamental. It would like to use electrons and holes or different types of particles that are paying.

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Sometimes, depending on the type of category, you could have said, Munich systems, you can have any type of systems or into political assume that you can have unknowns.

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But again, it's very challenging to have this type of material and temperature for all of the regions of electron. So, that's kind of the motivation why we need to go Nano, although temperature and both.

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And the interesting thing that happened at the small.

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The nano scale,

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you could,

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you could,

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you could compare interesting for them and then naturally things like the,

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the,

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the size of the,

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the width of the headaches or the dimensionality or whatever molecules are the size of an article where we're reaching this landscape.

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This is the Nano war, even though some certain viruses, the coroner, the coven virus right now it oscillates around 112.

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if anyone besides the ground and from the technological world, we can also build artificial systems that are all in the nano scale. Interesting. Awesome. Now, you're thinking of timescales times, it goes out very often.

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You do have very, very small timescales, such such as the bulb period of electron the precision of an electron. If you have.

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If you have a electric spin out versus speeding them, you can have a precision. So the time it takes for speed to precise, they are very, very, very short on time skills.

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So, we need techniques that we could see the altered small and also capture the otter fast.

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It couldn't be interesting elements for quantum applications,

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for example,

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1,

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logical element storage where you can get rid of nano 2nd,

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switch magnetic domains from down to another 2nd,

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intention frequency space.

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That would be gathered. So, that's how fast you your device would be would be working.

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And you need smaller size, so there's this intimate relationship between day or 2, small and fast and very interesting thing. Also someone dynamics and the semi dynamic parameters become.

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Interestingly, they become very interesting. I should go down into it to be anonymous copy. What if you think about it?

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The fear of family dynamics was built on a system of a macroscopic collection of God's individual atoms, and a large number of atoms and each atom could could vibrate and move around.

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And you could estimated square velocity of every single use that to define temperature,

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which is microscopic and once you start going into the nano scale,

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we'll have to think about things slightly Bozeman,

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constant,

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which relates to now the entropy of the system.

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So, I would switch gears a little bit from that discussion about small and fast.

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If you, if you don't think any of you for 201976, this is a picture from we could pay off the Apple 1 computer and with 4, kilobytes of memory.

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And this is beside the definition for the CPU.

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If you now travel 1 or 2 years, 2 years ago, you look at the, the Apple I think this is the 81012 right now.

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I have no idea, but you've, you've moved from a functional by to about 256 in the process, or everything is increase. The top of mind sees, it seems like it.

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The interesting thing about this motorcycle in terms of storage you could, you could type taken a 4 paper and on both sides rector vase any time you feel on both sides.

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That's the amount of space you could install. So this could be bigger, right? A 1 page thesis on both sides, but nowadays you can do the math and estimate how much in terms of memory and how fast right? So.

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We are, we are scientists and, uh, we, we, we're very happy with the fact that we are reducing the sizes for devices. Things are getting faster. And there is a huge need for consumption.

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Everyone has charges in the evening this winter.

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I mean, everything is on your warming, you're hitting, but mostly tells us that we can't keep on reducing the sizes of our devices benefit the way we want to this fundamental.

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We're going to hit the fundamental, fundamental limit in terms of silicone.

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Technology is the size of semiconductor,

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so it really kind of behooves us to think about new types of ways in which we can store information for the case of storage,

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magnetic storage,

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the types of ways in,

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which we can process faster for the case of processing semiconductors.

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And I will try to show you a little bit of some few slides. Maybe a lot of how we can image at the nano scale. I would not say so much about the time domain. It's all different TV.

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I was still like to discuss the notion of quantum materials and electronic excitations how elementary presentations,

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new types of metrics,

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and patients could use to as,

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as possible beats classical or even given content.

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So just a brief overview. This is, everyone has probably has this in 1 of your old, hard drives the standard hard drive.

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It's it's it's a multi layered structure you can have it's called a perpendicular magnetic Trippy. You can have 1 way of iron 2nd, layer of godliness end time.

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So, the iron at room temperature, like I said, is.

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And then,

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oftentimes,

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you have the speed exchange,

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then this type of a system you have competing energies into how many Tonya diaper are they providing interaction because yes,

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you have the stray feud you have all the elastic energy and these things are crystal all of this company together and the system,

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what happens is that the system breaks up into magnetic domains and these domains are very useful.

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We encode information. The bits of service having ones. Usually I used to present the dial or.

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Orientation of this magnetic moments are pointing from Lewis north to South could 0T in from South and North could be 1. and that's how within the field of view a few things fail.

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That's how information is recorded is primary irritation in reality and most of this material,

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this is how the thing looks like into the,

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you have Stripe domains,

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this,

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try this mandezation into the page and.

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And in plan,

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you have to kind of come up here and this is how the domain was,

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how the domain flicks in out of the page as domain,

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or so understanding the type of structures that show us this type of domains being able to study them being able to increase the density being able to optimize the number of

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domains for a given surface to volume ratio.

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That is how we cannot increase the density in the prototype of the hard drive that I show you what we have in our computers,

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our cell phones,

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for storage,

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you see 9 intimidation for,

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for,

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for computing that would be semiconductors,

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counting charge and stuff like that manually hard drive.

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For example, or your disc, it has now these domains picking up into 1 sensor once in 2 years, and to read a magnetic field to be a magnetic field. You also need an external magnet.

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So, normally you have a metal that has a piece of current 1st required field and that's the rehab.

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You can it can move over the surface of the shipment. You can you can rearrange these things. I mean, these things should.

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Flip timescale of Nano. 2nd, so without any defect, everything was perfect, but they always defects these locations and so it doesn't really flip that fast.

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Issues come, because we're pushing to go smaller and smaller with our cell phone. We want to write a lot more whether read or write fast and fast, but you don't want to switch on your computer any way for 4 or 5 hours.

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Her favorite thing to get booted and started up just because it takes a lot of time for the communication to take place. So we.

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Want to go beyond this type of read head technology where you use a current,

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if you want to increase the strength of the,

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the reach field,

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you need more current,

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or you need a larger car that somehow it's content achieved.

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So, to control magnetic fuse from monetization, you need magnetic field. So there's that food for looking for different types of materials that you could use to control magnetic field for storage.

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And 1 of the ideas is to look for the so called mark. I fair. Right? All electric materials now, these are my 2 ways in which you have a copy of.

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Fair electric polarization, which is fair electricity and if and magnetism magnetism normally caused you to to entitlement wrestle symmetry's real quick.

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This is lost as a result of entropy and then very interesting space spatial symmetry. Innovation. symmetry's is broken. So, there's specific materials that have these properties, like.

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A lot of the parents had specific materials,

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I'd show this fair magnetic behavior like Nicole a whole class or different transition,

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mental materials,

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and even somewhere outside,

348
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but to find material that has the existence of both of them is really,

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really challenging is 1 of those candidate materials this is how the complex domain structure looks like the technique that is used to image.

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This is photo electron and Michelle microscopic.

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So, you utilize electrons, eliminate your sample and then the electron.

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Interact with the electrical,

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the electronic degree of freedom where the sample is electron,

354
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the electrons category and then something is admitted some lightness and we discovered radiation and you can set up a microscopic scenario and have a microscopic image of the spin

355
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texture.

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No dispute. Texture has to do with the spin off the electron.

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It means that your electron has to be polarized, or sometimes you're also coming with X, Ray, and the extra causes this transition to be polarized. But this is pretty selfish.

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This is just the surface. If it's a 29, I made a field, we want to know what's happening as you're slicing 200 field you want to see how everything is happening in the volume of fulfill. This is a false microscopic way user contact coming.

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1st, microscopic slide. You introduce some.

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Define the sample, because this, this is the fair electric component and electric field the stray and straight information can generate electric field.

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You can map out the electric distribution of electric typos, and also the distribution of the magnetic speed basis instead of the 2. D. it is very efficient.

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Some of the challenges that you cannot study material around, you kind of put a typical storage device and.

363
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Because electron beans would be if you have an electron apply, a magnetic field magnetic fields, going to start the electron beam on electric field. So you can perform. So called in or in C2 experiments. They are very, very challenging.

364
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So, there's the need for, for 3 dimensional.

365
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Non invasive techniques for volume and the meaning of material is almost mimicking, actively working.

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Some of the implications of the things that could happen if we combine the need for that technology with the need for those type of materials. You can answer. We think of interesting thing is very interesting. Like, forever without being diminished.

367
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How would this relate to what we're saying.

368
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Imagine that you can design room, temperature, superconducting wires. You probably tell me that there was a paper that published a room temperature conductor. This was achieved on the high pressure.

369
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We wouldn't be able to study material that has superconducting temperature.

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Conductivity means that it's almost a material that has 0T CVT,

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resistance,

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resistance trumped down as you as a function of the motion of electrons.

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So these material electricity will travel forever without superconducting. If we could design this type of material. That's 1 scenario.

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And if we could design logical quantum platforms,

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we could do,

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could run exponentially,

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faster computations with perfect accuracy said,

378
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here's the thing that everyone knows about the need for the type of materials that need to get those materials technique.

379
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And they will talk to you folks, how does that work?

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How does the wire? What do we go? How do we, how do you understand the logic of the system? The system? How do I understand the dynamic of those type of system?

381
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Knows how the issues that we know would tend to to you folks are the engineers. So, 1 scenario that I'm going to have any that.

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I want to bring in I want to bring in quantum. I already talked about quantum. I want to build a apology. I'm going to talk about apology. Now. See my charity talk about symmetry these 3 ingredients symmetry.

383
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Topology and quantum behavior, and find out where he making these 3, you could actually come up with a whole bunch of materials.

384
00:47:05.215 --> 00:47:18.235
So I sent you a couple that you can expect microscopic companies and phases that are topological. So, even trivial, small scale. For example, topological equivalents.

385
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I'm going to discuss a little bit, but this statement means apologies just as a bunch of things you focus on fundamental properties of an object.

386
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And you want a fundamental property of an object, you want a property if it's a political, that does not change if your object is currently being defined SHARES strikes 1 of the easiest example from having.

387
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And the folks who got the Nobel prize, there's this nice picture.

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Of a coffee mark, and the job goes that the topologies cannot distinguish the.

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Coffee marks from the donor,

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because these are all topological equivalent object meaning that you can continuously deform this car into a donor without introducing an extra also in a continuous deformation this can evolve.

391
00:48:14.005 --> 00:48:28.284
So these are topological equivalent object. It is a, it is protected under the type of transformation that took it from 1 form to the next. You can come up with a certain type of group theory that.

392
00:48:28.949 --> 00:48:37.559
This causes topological object once you start bringing in groups here means that you, you are thinking of different classes of systems if you.

393
00:48:37.795 --> 00:48:50.244
Move into quantum mechanics for example, we have we have things like momentum and position things like energy and time commentators.

394
00:48:50.244 --> 00:49:04.945
So you have you have certain objects that from a communicator group. I mean, they are close under this commentator group. They are subsets of sets of rules that these objects are base and generates something or something like that.

395
00:49:04.945 --> 00:49:16.105
So there's a list of mathematics and certain sets of algebra should be satisfied by this object to belong to that group. So, if we can find.

396
00:49:16.980 --> 00:49:31.949
7 objects increase those that confirm to giving topology notice objects could be cost us of electrons in respace. These objects could be cost us of of speed.

397
00:49:31.949 --> 00:49:44.190
Extra Kenyans or or or ions viruses and stuff like that. And if it cannot be continuously defined.

398
00:49:44.605 --> 00:49:50.215
We can control them that is a nice you need and more specifically if you start classifying them,

399
00:49:50.514 --> 00:49:51.594
like elementary particles,

400
00:49:51.594 --> 00:50:01.855
you have any type of distribution versus meaning identical if they come in parents,

401
00:50:01.855 --> 00:50:13.135
then you start moving towards a scenario of using topological defects to show specific products I'm going to show you guys that we could find some candidate materials,

402
00:50:13.135 --> 00:50:17.364
that have topological fields.

403
00:50:17.905 --> 00:50:26.784
That could be user computing or even a storage unit and there's a little bit more about topology. I'm assuming that.

404
00:50:26.784 --> 00:50:37.434
You discuss this within the context of equivalent topological equivalent, but this is the politically equivalent to move from these studies.

405
00:50:37.614 --> 00:50:48.235
You have to deforming, you have to create a twisty equivalent, different forms of carbon. This is equivalent in equivalent.

406
00:50:48.235 --> 00:50:58.195
So, they are interesting features that will bring this nice which part of mathematics and physics it could come up with some very, very interesting.

407
00:50:59.130 --> 00:51:05.489
Union between material science, electronic engineering, computer sciences.

408
00:51:05.489 --> 00:51:14.670
I already talked about this, I talked about the atomic behavior how outcomes can isolate.

409
00:51:14.670 --> 00:51:25.014
Um, I wanted to just say 1 big thing about, is this this, uh, there are topological integrators? Yeah, I'm talking about topological defects. I'm going to see a little bit about topological insulated.

410
00:51:25.014 --> 00:51:30.923
You've probably heard of couple and you're going to see what they are then I'll go back to.

411
00:51:31.559 --> 00:51:44.934
Topological defects, topological objects, elementary excitations within crystals that could be used that would make those materials to the call materials.

412
00:51:46.014 --> 00:51:54.894
So we want classes of new materials for example, 1 route is the topological insulator. I would just say briefly about this, I'm not going to focus.

413
00:51:54.894 --> 00:52:04.855
So much on the base, traditionally, we have conductors, like, go if you have a gold chain and all those type of things going is nice. Everybody likes it.

414
00:52:05.394 --> 00:52:16.554
They're also conductors they're using either connecting or computers they use to make electrodes and stuff like that. So pretty expensive, they don't really add much or they're very useful.

415
00:52:17.425 --> 00:52:30.655
The this is what the bank looks like it's energy increasing and then this is Katie says momentum. This is the conduction band and this is the variance fantasy kind of overlap. And this is the family level.

416
00:52:32.789 --> 00:52:44.190
You have an insulator like, when I use for my, my ceramic, my, my, we all have that. It's a ceramic. It's an oxide it's insulating.

417
00:52:44.425 --> 00:52:54.324
This is why the bank app looks like there's a gap between the conduction, the, the valence band, and the conduction vendors a wide gap.

418
00:52:54.324 --> 00:53:09.264
It means that if I apply an electric field, if I apply acquiring on this material, it will take so much energy for electrons to be able to hop from this and move over here because the conduction.

419
00:53:09.295 --> 00:53:21.625
And I should also say it's empty. It's empty for something to conduct electrons have to move from the various Bank today. Conduction pencil, they become localized. It would take so much amount of energy.

420
00:53:21.625 --> 00:53:33.054
So at least they're wide large bank and live for metros. Actually pretty close. They overlap. And semiconductors sentiment kind of.

421
00:53:34.344 --> 00:53:43.525
The bank app is very, very narrow. So if you take silicone or Germany or Indian guy last night.

422
00:53:44.094 --> 00:53:48.445
Oh, I tried telling my train sensitive to blue light.

423
00:53:48.445 --> 00:53:51.684
You eliminated with a new data you're going to have electrons,

424
00:53:51.715 --> 00:53:52.375
be excited,

425
00:53:53.244 --> 00:54:04.644
get enough energy to jump from the variance binding to the conduction then you could use these 4 areas as possible.

426
00:54:04.675 --> 00:54:05.364
diet's already,

427
00:54:05.364 --> 00:54:12.744
you can combine tires budget cycles so for computing and storage,

428
00:54:14.364 --> 00:54:17.215
there's an interesting transferred material is known as the top,

429
00:54:19.045 --> 00:54:27.594
which comes from a union between this type of to insulate a decent materials that have in the box.

430
00:54:27.625 --> 00:54:35.155
So, the bulk is volume of my film, the support structure in the bar insulating.

431
00:54:37.255 --> 00:54:47.215
The agent conductors, it conducts, there's been a lot of work on this type of topological, let us show.

432
00:54:47.514 --> 00:54:55.824
They have elementary excitations in this case, if you take an insulating material.

433
00:54:56.130 --> 00:55:09.059
And then you apply a strawman that you feel this is a 1 test field going in this way. Now, if this is an, this is an insulator. So remember, I showed you the bank up is why?

434
00:55:09.059 --> 00:55:14.789
misfill would cause electrons in the in the bulk of the material to start.

435
00:55:14.789 --> 00:55:28.824
Moving the so the electrons are rotating like this, but there's no trace. So there's no comment. But the interesting thing is that on the edges, the electrons will be able to hop the way functional actually overlap. It can hop.

436
00:55:28.824 --> 00:55:42.025
So, this is how you can have a conduction at the edge and this kind of really what it does is that it really now is to find it. Absolutely. You have certain levels. That will be created. So, this is and then this, this conduction.

437
00:55:43.375 --> 00:55:47.423
This is known as the heart conductivity is quantitized meaning that.

438
00:55:48.119 --> 00:56:01.974
It comes in, it's context in it in packets and integers of each square by, by, by signal function of the external magnetic field. So now, this is an elementary expectation.

439
00:56:01.974 --> 00:56:13.434
This is it's quantizing 1 disruptor. It could be. This could be users elements to do. Interesting things. We're not going to talk about the topological insulator split that.

440
00:56:13.735 --> 00:56:26.215
So you can also have spin hall conversations, a whole bunch of materials that I would like to talk more about. I'm going to get myself back to the topological defects. Right.

441
00:56:26.215 --> 00:56:33.324
I'm not political, each lead us, but now the couple of people want to see what kind of materials can hub or very.

442
00:56:33.989 --> 00:56:45.809
Interesting degrees of freedom in the federal electric, the electric polarization, or the magnetic typo the manifestation.

443
00:56:46.074 --> 00:56:47.664
Or the magnetic spin,

444
00:56:48.324 --> 00:56:54.985
these are classes so far so the so called more time for materials materials that you can use,

445
00:56:55.644 --> 00:56:58.045
you can use this region,

446
00:56:58.045 --> 00:57:02.275
you can use an external electric field to control the monetization.

447
00:57:02.304 --> 00:57:14.034
Traditionally, you need a magnetic field to control monetization. Electric trolley. Electric polarization 1 cross covered material and control.

448
00:57:14.815 --> 00:57:22.224
Now, if you go back to the picture that I showed you the redhead, it means that instead of using an electric cart.

449
00:57:23.184 --> 00:57:37.255
To create a magnetic field on the magnetic remind me, you can use an electric field and 1 advantage of an electric trade is that there's very little heat dissipation. If he's if you're using current I mean, he just impatiently ice cream.

450
00:57:38.034 --> 00:57:44.605
Thanks. You have disability covering a fear is better and electric field is better.

451
00:57:44.605 --> 00:57:58.824
You can use that voltage and control and be fancy or vice versa, using to control the ordering of the case, the electric type or so these are some classes of so called.

452
00:57:59.579 --> 00:58:07.500
Material, so you have a class of offer the green, for example, these are classes of federal electric.

453
00:58:07.500 --> 00:58:14.844
Bam, tighten it, these materials, all have an invasion symmetry.

454
00:58:14.844 --> 00:58:19.914
If you apply an electric feel and feel a spontaneous organisation,

455
00:58:20.994 --> 00:58:23.605
if you apply a stress or a strain,

456
00:58:23.605 --> 00:58:25.735
you generate arrangements,

457
00:58:25.735 --> 00:58:27.954
you're going to create the title of the items,

458
00:58:27.954 --> 00:58:35.635
reorganize themselves as domains or different topological structures of diapers that will form clusters,

459
00:58:35.905 --> 00:58:38.844
which could be very interesting you also have some.

460
00:58:39.150 --> 00:58:47.784
Contact furniture material and then we have some magnetic materials, and you have some magnetics. It is there are some few classes.

461
00:58:47.784 --> 00:59:02.635
It's not enough 1 of the challenges that the audience temperature, the temperature of transition of this material empire, magnetic to Pharoah, magnetic phase.

462
00:59:02.635 --> 00:59:17.425
For example, that all the temperature is, it's very, very low. It's not room temperature. I, for the case, I'll defer electric temperature from the highest matrix electric Lucy mentioned for electric phase.

463
00:59:18.505 --> 00:59:32.094
It's pretty high. So to follow up with services 500 degrees Celsius. None of our laptops don't have it working in his last temperatures. I usually have a juggle 1 of my students that sensors, track device.

464
00:59:32.215 --> 00:59:33.625
Every time you have to.

465
00:59:34.139 --> 00:59:45.239
Take your laptop into assignment. Of course, you have to think about the heat and everything. So I find that. So there are a couple of other parameters for a electricity.

466
00:59:45.239 --> 00:59:51.570
Very last this that you could be, could you could search for.

467
00:59:51.570 --> 01:00:05.519
So, I don't want to say electronically fundamental expectations in the electric material. I just said you could use an external electric to control the.

468
01:00:05.519 --> 01:00:09.750
If the structure, the topological texture, the.

469
01:00:09.750 --> 01:00:12.960
Partners that the electric typo conform.

470
01:00:12.960 --> 01:00:24.510
This is nice. This is very interested. So conjugate fuel, electric arrangement no form of other polarization fair, magnetic contradictory.

471
01:00:24.510 --> 01:00:29.579
External magnetic field arrangement of main PlayStation very elastic.

472
01:00:29.579 --> 01:00:36.235
Contract transfer arrangements are far strain fields, so stress controls the strength.

473
01:00:36.414 --> 01:00:49.885
So, you can look for topological defects, like stress, and all of these things, for example, if you can have fair elastic material, you can have systems in which you're going to mechanically write domains and your right domains.

474
01:00:50.125 --> 01:00:51.594
And today,

475
01:00:51.594 --> 01:00:55.344
I've got a nice new way of starting today,

476
01:00:55.344 --> 01:01:00.385
very interesting systems that we can look for 1 of the challenges,

477
01:01:00.385 --> 01:01:05.065
the chemistry of copying multiple order parameters,

478
01:01:05.425 --> 01:01:05.755
market,

479
01:01:06.054 --> 01:01:10.074
materials and material that has at least 2 of these other parameters.

480
01:01:10.074 --> 01:01:11.335
So that at least,

481
01:01:11.394 --> 01:01:13.704
you can have much more challenges,

482
01:01:14.574 --> 01:01:18.054
electrical different challenge with the physics,

483
01:01:19.164 --> 01:01:20.335
fair magnetic material,

484
01:01:20.844 --> 01:01:21.474
chemistry,

485
01:01:21.594 --> 01:01:26.545
maturity with magnetic you need a required field,

486
01:01:26.545 --> 01:01:35.454
and oftentimes you deal with those have to be few and why prefer half empty so,

487
01:01:36.085 --> 01:01:37.974
these 2 running munites.

488
01:01:37.974 --> 01:01:39.204
So easily for you to.

489
01:01:39.599 --> 01:01:53.815
Have a single phase material that needs to be another form of excitation, controlling the material that you have to think of to look for this. This carpal phenomena.

490
01:01:56.184 --> 01:02:10.105
Please, if you have any questions, you can just stop me and ask me so 1 alternative ways to combine where chemistry doesn't seem to allow us and symmetry. We should look to our apology.

491
01:02:11.454 --> 01:02:26.094
In dynamics, so I'm going to give you a list of systems and the audit parameters and the conjugate fields. So if our electric material you can control the polarization, the orientations of the type of.

492
01:02:26.215 --> 01:02:38.695
So, you can have a positive or negative iron, you can have an arrow pointing from negative to positive. That will be a fair electric domain. You can have a whole bunch of domains, you can use an electric fields contractors domain.

493
01:02:38.695 --> 01:02:42.175
That is what we have in the federal electric access memory,

494
01:02:42.175 --> 01:02:42.715
for example,

495
01:02:43.795 --> 01:02:44.215
in unfair,

496
01:02:44.215 --> 01:02:45.775
magnetic material at the same thing,

497
01:02:45.804 --> 01:02:46.644
an edge field,

498
01:02:47.875 --> 01:02:48.175
fair,

499
01:02:48.175 --> 01:02:49.224
elastic stressed,

500
01:02:49.224 --> 01:02:57.864
and strained Super conductors after that we have peristalsis and functional Cooper pays for example,

501
01:02:59.394 --> 01:03:03.175
and then use that to control clusters of offices,

502
01:03:03.175 --> 01:03:05.545
depending on the type of flexor,

503
01:03:05.545 --> 01:03:05.994
electric,

504
01:03:05.994 --> 01:03:06.594
string grid,

505
01:03:09.144 --> 01:03:10.914
and then meter electric,

506
01:03:11.454 --> 01:03:14.364
you have copies of at least 2 other parameters.

507
01:03:14.364 --> 01:03:25.074
You can have much more. This is all all of this system. So you can there's 1 system if it's if it's for any discourage, you want.

508
01:03:25.739 --> 01:03:37.224
Uh, we want them to be he services between the conjugate few and the other guys are very interested. We want to be able to remember what you, I wouldn't be able to to start off at 0T.

509
01:03:37.224 --> 01:03:47.844
You increase your field and you switch off a few in the system the increase it has any services every under that establishes. Normally 6 signify the energy storage.

510
01:03:49.619 --> 01:03:53.610
Or the capacity, or the potential of that system. So you could be.

511
01:03:53.610 --> 01:04:08.309
Any of these other parameters, and she would be corresponding contradict, but please 1. interesting. 1, you want to buy an edge field in magnetic field, but you control the polarization and not an end. So.

512
01:04:08.844 --> 01:04:20.965
Interesting thing about other parameters in concrete fields is that the energetic of the system can cause using the land down theory of face transition. So excited types of face transitions. Of course.

513
01:04:20.965 --> 01:04:25.315
So, at what temperature does it give it to itself?

514
01:04:25.679 --> 01:04:32.489
Uh, for example, this is if this is the.

515
01:04:33.144 --> 01:04:47.844
External and function of temperature or magnetic field normally, most magnets, they get stronger as for the electrical system. Also you could have done it better. So there's this nice facial ambition.

516
01:04:47.844 --> 01:05:00.474
That is very, very interesting. The relationship between, and the system is that if you look at the theme of a fair magnetic more to the increasing issue, you are flipping domain.

517
01:05:00.474 --> 01:05:14.335
So, over here, for example, all of the domains pointing down. So you have once you have to speak, or when you flip everything over here, you flip everything.

518
01:05:16.349 --> 01:05:30.925
In some way, you have intermediate state once you're reading your flipping to you changing the States. So that is the summary behind the type of systems.

519
01:05:31.344 --> 01:05:33.775
The reason why? And I said this.

520
01:05:34.739 --> 01:05:39.989
The fundamental issue because of the chemistry to look for systems that.

521
01:05:39.989 --> 01:05:47.280
So, I'm going to go the parameter so we want to allow them to symmetry.

522
01:05:47.280 --> 01:05:51.030
And want to go beyond C, make sure that when you move to apology.

523
01:05:51.030 --> 01:06:00.929
To see, race treatment for different functions for other parameters could be used outside possibly.

524
01:06:01.255 --> 01:06:15.954
And I've heard and discuss what apology is symmetry you definitely started by symmetry. The simplest way of seeing see, major symmetry easily understand is.

525
01:06:17.309 --> 01:06:22.019
Is is the thing that you do to a system.

526
01:06:22.019 --> 01:06:27.150
And you don't change that system so it's, it's an operation.

527
01:06:27.150 --> 01:06:31.289
That you perform on a system and then change.

528
01:06:31.289 --> 01:06:34.739
The energy of that system, so the.

529
01:06:34.739 --> 01:06:38.940
Take a crystal loudest if the largest is perfect.

530
01:06:38.940 --> 01:06:45.025
Or an ideal this time demo say perfect if it's ideal, if I may or 3 direction.

531
01:06:45.505 --> 01:06:50.215
So if you take a unit taking engineering,

532
01:06:50.215 --> 01:06:50.875
1600 condense,

533
01:06:52.644 --> 01:06:54.054
metaphysics costs 50,

534
01:06:54.054 --> 01:06:54.894
you did sell,

535
01:06:54.894 --> 01:07:00.925
you translate the itself to the left to the right up and down left and right.

536
01:07:02.184 --> 01:07:08.755
In the entirety of that mainframe Cristo, it stays the same. You haven't changed the energy of that system.

537
01:07:09.025 --> 01:07:20.364
So this is a translation of symmetry transitional symmetric relates to the property that it relates to is system.

538
01:07:20.364 --> 01:07:33.505
If a system is homogeneous, transitional symmetry's observe, if it's homogeneous your purpose trust issues, another type of symmetry, it could be a rotation estimator.

539
01:07:34.170 --> 01:07:36.474
If you take a given time,

540
01:07:36.625 --> 01:07:39.355
you need so in a perfect crystal ideal,

541
01:07:39.894 --> 01:07:54.804
and you put on a bang for the turnaround turnaround and you still look around if you're sitting inside that Christa rotational symmetry's related to the offer medium

542
01:07:56.244 --> 01:08:04.465
truck maintenance product is going to change the index faction can change the magnetic susceptibility can change things there.

543
01:08:04.554 --> 01:08:14.454
2nd server. That is the response function that external activation can change. If a patient on symmetry's.

544
01:08:15.655 --> 01:08:26.244
So those are some ideas of symmetry or somehow revise our signature, which is the original magnetism.

545
01:08:27.149 --> 01:08:32.100
So those plus topology, which we already discussed, if you combine those 2 together.

546
01:08:32.100 --> 01:08:41.609
We think it's a recipe to to control to look at a.

547
01:08:41.609 --> 01:08:55.710
Major expectations from a different light, and looking at systems that you can use conjugate fields you can use. We can take a system that is by.

548
01:08:55.710 --> 01:09:02.550
Chemistry, it's not supposed to show magnetism. You bring anthropology and.

549
01:09:03.414 --> 01:09:14.364
And she mentioned, for example, you could you could show this case dynamics. These are some specific creatures. That are objects topological objects.

550
01:09:14.364 --> 01:09:27.444
So, this is for example, ESI represents a topological charges object. 1 is also 1 chapter minus. 1 is fractional. This is 1.

551
01:09:28.314 --> 01:09:41.635
these are how magnetic domains or or typo so this is so this is the type of service of individual typos of a single magnet.

552
01:09:42.414 --> 01:09:46.465
There's the direct direction of the field.

553
01:09:47.100 --> 01:10:00.024
Let's say from south to not see the time or 2 to not. So this could be 1 time for this project for you could have just 2 typo separated by domain.

554
01:10:00.324 --> 01:10:04.465
So these are objects that have given a chance. You can have.

555
01:10:05.819 --> 01:10:15.659
Lumps of of irons of an iron. If you take them Titan, bam has up to the occupation state 2 plus.

556
01:10:15.659 --> 01:10:17.005
Oxygen has 2 minus,

557
01:10:17.274 --> 01:10:21.715
it has to be 4 plus but the moment,

558
01:10:21.715 --> 01:10:26.185
the titanium ion and the oxygen and the titanium and if you,

559
01:10:26.215 --> 01:10:33.685
you can estimate the moment the moment it's just the 1st time to multiply by that bond.

560
01:10:33.895 --> 01:10:41.064
It gives you some stuff a time for a moment so you can have this could be the diaper moment of the titanium iron.

561
01:10:41.064 --> 01:10:52.164
So you can have a field that's created by some symmetrical distortion of a topological object.

562
01:10:52.409 --> 01:10:57.989
And these objects, they have mirror images of themselves, they could be.

563
01:10:57.989 --> 01:11:09.390
Uh, there could be a, it could be the object could be its own invoice. It could be its own. Now, it could be a, you can have a photo so you can have.

564
01:11:09.390 --> 01:11:22.770
Exotic properties that you can now push them and use them as top logical objects. So instead of the material sciences and the physicists to understand the structure, you do your.

565
01:11:23.185 --> 01:11:34.885
Your standard powder X, Ray function to use an X Ray different defacto, make an issue and you perform some sort of electron microscopy.

566
01:11:35.425 --> 01:11:38.904
So this is a microscope, the different education.

567
01:11:39.564 --> 01:11:50.935
You see, here, he said nano particles of bear over here. You have an intensity against 200. so, what this is just telling us is that this is this is the 1 1 reflection.

568
01:11:50.935 --> 01:12:05.305
It tells us that each of the field of view, the X, we'd be receiving the crystal, the statistics of each of all of the of the particle departments, have something called facet protocol.

569
01:12:06.505 --> 01:12:21.265
That is, let's say, it's kind of a shape. This is a facet. This is a fast facet. That's a classic process described using crystal graphic documentation. This could be this could be 1000100011.

570
01:12:21.295 --> 01:12:31.795
so if I said you use the intersex that describes the positions of the outcome to this more of these particles.

571
01:12:39.180 --> 01:12:52.109
Have 1, 0T for sites, and they also have 1 more minute. So the is coming from Scott and from each of those within a single particle, you can have a whole bunch of different types of defects. Can have.

572
01:12:52.494 --> 01:13:04.494
The Christianity could be a problem. You could not have a continuous single. It could be a more force. It could be. It could be a more force because you have texture.

573
01:13:04.524 --> 01:13:13.585
We have different planes that form texture. You can have different thicknesses of the concept. You can have different distributions of the structure.

574
01:13:13.890 --> 01:13:17.819
You can have these locations, so.

575
01:13:17.819 --> 01:13:27.720
All these internal quantities, structural would affect the electronic part of the functionality of what you use in your.

576
01:13:27.720 --> 01:13:34.109
In your device so we, I moved back to web began. We won some extra vision.

577
01:13:34.109 --> 01:13:40.944
The 1 way in which we can see the small capture the fast water fast for the host of application at the website.

578
01:13:40.944 --> 01:13:51.444
And I would say a little bit about a lot about how they're impacting it could be image structure defect and also look at topological lungs.

579
01:13:53.154 --> 01:14:06.625
Elementary excitations that relates to the fair electric dive call. Sure. That we can have forties in the fair fair electric Krista, electric field distribution at farms authorities.

580
01:14:06.625 --> 01:14:18.295
And that could be considered acquired article, depending on the mass of the article article could either be post title.

581
01:14:19.020 --> 01:14:24.510
Who who knows what the expectations you can have?

582
01:14:24.510 --> 01:14:31.199
And we cannot use traditional X, Ray, and purchase to started this that we'd need.

583
01:14:31.199 --> 01:14:40.739
We need folks that could see various objects and capture verifies dynamics. So those are the 2.

584
01:14:40.739 --> 01:14:47.939
To see with your eyes, all eyes can resolve, or.

585
01:14:47.939 --> 01:14:51.989
Things that are of the visible wavelength.

586
01:14:51.989 --> 01:14:57.029
To some extent. So the condition for defense is London was be Mr.

587
01:14:57.029 --> 01:15:01.770
To a, if if you have a snake and.

588
01:15:01.770 --> 01:15:12.029
The, the width of the sleep is a, to a, you can only get, uh, if you come in with a wavelength of light that is less than.

589
01:15:12.029 --> 01:15:16.680
To a beta we have this obviously you can get the fraction.

590
01:15:16.680 --> 01:15:20.189
If you have 2 objects.

591
01:15:20.694 --> 01:15:34.914
2 articles, once for the 2nd article, and the sufficient between the object is a distance, a, any coming with a plain wave. You putting indicator in the field you can resolve interference.

592
01:15:34.914 --> 01:15:42.744
So the way you can kind of where the 2 objects can create an interference is the patient not the smartest.

593
01:15:43.109 --> 01:15:49.800
Are the resolution, or this approach is technique it's basically tells you for giving away.

594
01:15:50.125 --> 01:16:04.255
What is the closest distance between this object? I can resolve those objects. I'm very, very close for a given wavelength. The interference will be blowed out. So, this is almost like the that was the experiment.

595
01:16:04.914 --> 01:16:06.625
So, microscopes are very.

596
01:16:06.989 --> 01:16:10.170
Good to see micro objects. Yeah. And, um.

597
01:16:12.324 --> 01:16:16.645
In the hospitals to look at biological objects microcytes things,

598
01:16:16.854 --> 01:16:20.034
but to see normal size objects to see atomic structures,

599
01:16:20.064 --> 01:16:24.864
which are of dimensions of size of an item tend to the minus thing,

600
01:16:25.135 --> 01:16:27.864
you need shorter way of things you need X rays.

601
01:16:27.864 --> 01:16:29.904
So, we're going to use X rays.

602
01:16:30.569 --> 01:16:44.725
And then, on the other hand, we don't want to use a lens. It's very difficult to design X, Ray lenses. And even if you keep saying lenses the resolution that you get, if you start the image, it was Michelle is ultimately.

603
01:16:45.600 --> 01:17:00.300
Decided by the focal end of your lanes and to change the focal length of your lanes you had to play with the distance of the events to the details of the events of the object all those things. So, would it be nice if you can just take away the lines.

604
01:17:00.300 --> 01:17:07.829
You get a distraction you get, you'd have like, coming in some object. You only see the sky that.

605
01:17:08.154 --> 01:17:17.515
Then you use that kind of pattern and then you have a lens, you use some, you come up with some, you develop some sort of a numerical nature, right?

606
01:17:17.515 --> 01:17:24.925
A series of computer algorithms that can solve for the invest capital can thread from Scott to object.

607
01:17:25.494 --> 01:17:37.164
That would be cool and these are the requirements are kind of like, on the type of vacation for Nano object. You need a penetrating trading power seeking to Cristo.

608
01:17:37.470 --> 01:17:48.595
See, our government has all 100 something that the wavelength is small compared to the size of something that you can be sensitive to every individual element.

609
01:17:48.595 --> 01:18:02.185
If it's variable tighten it, you want to see what my baby's doing, and something, which we might be affected by an external online field resources are available X, rays, X, Ray suffixes very long time.

610
01:18:02.185 --> 01:18:08.274
So, Ryan going to get giving him that price and naturally looking at images of the wives.

611
01:18:08.274 --> 01:18:23.034
Unfortunately, he didn't know that this radioactive this everyday activiation and he kept on taking images of the wives. Fortunately, I think she had cancer and stuff like that, but it was wonderful.

612
01:18:23.034 --> 01:18:28.225
He could image to begin ever. People came. There was standing in line is not to particular images.

613
01:18:28.255 --> 01:18:38.395
You've traveled, you've traveled everyone you use airports are the various ways of doing figuring out.

614
01:18:38.395 --> 01:18:43.555
If you're trying to smuggle smoker in someone, we're not supposed to sell medical imaging and.

615
01:18:44.760 --> 01:18:58.619
Security of use X rays a lot science of Houston to resolve the structure of the of of the son actually got number price. Well.

616
01:18:58.619 --> 01:19:05.220
Are coming on back slow and the cricket Watson also resolve the structure of the.

617
01:19:05.220 --> 01:19:19.380
2 resumes of extra imaging, there's the shadow graph version, which is imaging and there's the card machine, which is the factor where you get the factory in the shadow graph issue imaging, we need lenses.

618
01:19:19.704 --> 01:19:34.465
In the fashion resume, you only contract infer from the symmetry that you're seeing fraction. You see something about the mixture of the African respace. There is a receipt for kind of relationship between the space.

619
01:19:34.824 --> 01:19:41.515
If automative objects, symmetry of FCC or face into Cubics.

620
01:19:41.515 --> 01:19:51.654
If you put every single 1 is in the face and sent it to reciprocal space in the fashion space that she mentioned of the FCC becomes.

621
01:19:54.024 --> 01:20:03.625
So there are ways in which we know how some reciprocal relationship between arrangements in respace and arrangements constraints.

622
01:20:03.960 --> 01:20:10.020
And there's a difficulty of making extra extra lenses for the.

623
01:20:10.020 --> 01:20:23.039
They are refractive lenses challenge this because X rays have a negative index of attractions. Access can be absorbed. It can also be.

624
01:20:23.039 --> 01:20:26.579
Refracted while feasible light.

625
01:20:27.385 --> 01:20:36.925
The reception is just normal, it's just 1, this is deviated from 1 is a real value number, because we're not going to sunrise.

626
01:20:37.555 --> 01:20:45.774
So if you eliminate visible layer and increased response functional that Chris just paints away.

627
01:20:47.399 --> 01:20:53.069
By X can be on, so you can also do refracted. So there's some of the challenges.

628
01:20:53.069 --> 01:20:57.390
I'll say here are the types of sources.

629
01:20:57.390 --> 01:21:10.859
That could give us right? Coherent X rays, bending magnets where you have to brightness. This is how it's almost like a laser beam, right?

630
01:21:10.859 --> 01:21:11.875
In pending magnets,

631
01:21:12.414 --> 01:21:24.895
you can have electrons to X rays tangents to the brightness pushing out to the ring current and then you move all the way to reclass and on the Lakers extra free electron phases,

632
01:21:24.895 --> 01:21:28.284
where you can have a brightness that squares square inquiries.

633
01:21:28.314 --> 01:21:34.614
You're getting interesting fact, moving call, generation, light, sauces and.

634
01:21:35.579 --> 01:21:47.939
These are actually available at national Ameritrade on, by consulting universities by by government. There's some correlation between moose law and inquisitive entities.

635
01:21:47.939 --> 01:22:02.215
A different X, Ray sources I'm not going to sailor about the sauces. I'm just gonna ask you guys to to trust me and believe that you have secrets and facilities that can produce you coherent X, Ray.

636
01:22:03.354 --> 01:22:16.135
So gives you a meeting that you have your faces, send me a pizza pizza, and it trumps the charge the audit.

637
01:22:16.284 --> 01:22:19.284
You can use that to do activity and train.

638
01:22:19.619 --> 01:22:27.869
Other being 1 audit feature, we can capture the scientists order. Christa.

639
01:22:27.869 --> 01:22:34.590
Laser started most coherent 1 of the month. Go ahead, right sources. So we have X Ray phases.

640
01:22:34.590 --> 01:22:47.340
Shine your laser point on the rough surface you're going to see spec now what I'm trying to see if we can take we can inverted using America Gordon, and we can show you this structure.

641
01:22:47.340 --> 01:22:57.239
Of the of this, this was there is a high penetrating relation X Ray and this was crystal, it means that I can solve and show you the distribution of atoms.

642
01:22:57.239 --> 01:23:09.085
And that's exactly what we can do. We can have an object you can measure in the shadow graph issue, where you get face contrast issue have something wrong with your records.

643
01:23:09.085 --> 01:23:17.305
The dentist, the hospital put the thing is pretty close to the object is to observe from Congress allow.

644
01:23:17.789 --> 01:23:22.710
Propagation can didn't conquer even.

645
01:23:22.710 --> 01:23:37.074
Now, what we do is that we collect this the fashion package, we develop numerical lenses that we can invert it. And the way the infection process works is that this is a microscopic without optics. It's non conflicts.

646
01:23:37.314 --> 01:23:49.015
Optimization problem. We're solving. We have 2 spaces that we're working to into our spaces. We major space would measure it. Actually you have a crystal atoms.

647
01:23:49.710 --> 01:23:54.359
X Ray comes in is some of those items you made it, it's kind of.

648
01:23:54.359 --> 01:23:57.989
We take those current partner, in fact that we use.

649
01:23:57.989 --> 01:24:08.520
And these are the collections of things that I'll be very excited to be filling in more detail about these.

650
01:24:09.234 --> 01:24:22.194
The motivation for this actually, it came from the original paper by David. Sorry 1952 and when I was a PhD student, my thesis, this is the entire, just the 1 page paper.

651
01:24:22.194 --> 01:24:36.175
The end of my thesis was to extend the phase 2 file, go to 3 D to show them 3 dimensional. You can cover for me 3 dimensional object emission object in the paper was published.

652
01:24:36.175 --> 01:24:49.854
And he said he was very obvious. It took me beyond pH diseases to actually, and a lot of collaboration or folks to show that this is possible. So, sometimes when you're reading publications, you want to think between the line.

653
01:24:49.854 --> 01:25:03.534
So we're going to apply phase which regarding solve a problem to show that we can look a couple of logical objects that could make sure that it could be used for energy harvesting.

654
01:25:04.404 --> 01:25:16.555
And there's a lack of motivation. I'm just going to show you how the imaging technique, none of vision box. So you have a Nano structure.

655
01:25:16.645 --> 01:25:25.614
This is just a model to understand the Mackenzie Christopher hasn't giving them and check from bottom to top from left to right?

656
01:25:28.074 --> 01:25:38.784
In the fashion space, you make the cutting problem if you're looking at that transform of the object function.

657
01:25:38.784 --> 01:25:38.935
So,

658
01:25:38.935 --> 01:25:41.694
we transform actually violence,

659
01:25:41.694 --> 01:25:49.614
quite of an object from this is what the issue it comes from this when I look like this is just really detecting your detectors,

660
01:25:49.614 --> 01:25:52.135
detecting a complex way field,

661
01:25:52.135 --> 01:25:56.215
multiplied by complex contribute to their office.

662
01:25:57.085 --> 01:26:04.675
Now, if you your crystal, it's not just made up of atoms that are given symmetry. If you have atoms now, within your crystal.

663
01:26:04.949 --> 01:26:10.979
What happens is that the periodic atoms in space you can.

664
01:26:10.979 --> 01:26:14.789
There's something, there's nothing something there's nothing something there's nothing is.

665
01:26:14.789 --> 01:26:26.395
Reminds you of a data function, so specifically dimension or better functions X Y, Z. so your density of your crystal defined as the product of an in finite density.

666
01:26:26.395 --> 01:26:35.664
So, in finding meaning that these items were supposed to exist in final in all directions, but it's truncated by a ship function. So.

667
01:26:36.359 --> 01:26:51.359
It is the product of a data function that goes up to multiply by a shared function. And this is the electronic density, depending on what type of this is now, the fruit transform of a data function is that function. So.

668
01:26:51.359 --> 01:26:59.489
What happens now is that the presence of this item creates the functions of these objects so it simply.

669
01:26:59.489 --> 01:27:03.689
Takes it simply takes the ship function.

670
01:27:03.689 --> 01:27:14.395
And then it makes a data function, which is basically the signature of these come from the signature of the object, or when the atoms are defined, it flows with the signature there. Okay.

671
01:27:15.414 --> 01:27:29.814
Now, the complex measure, in fact, an experiment is the transform of the complex density of the object in this definition, for the Congress density.

672
01:27:29.814 --> 01:27:40.345
And then, when you measure the intensity, your measure is value actually values quite. So, this is the return from the printer or density.

673
01:27:40.555 --> 01:27:54.475
So, the phases are lost, and the phases have ever important. If you had some assume, you had some information to every single atom was deformed. This was defined is always, always, always isn't information a few days created.

674
01:27:54.475 --> 01:28:07.074
So you can have a displacement vector. You can define you feel that this is created if you rewrite your complex density again, you see that the displacement feel included in the face of the object.

675
01:28:07.614 --> 01:28:17.875
So, when you do absolutely value square to the phases of loss, and course information that is very, very vital to the field that is created and that is kind of what we needed.

676
01:28:17.875 --> 01:28:27.024
So we can invert move from this and go back to this. We can say things about ship of increase the size object.

677
01:28:27.270 --> 01:28:29.335
Can say things about density motivations,

678
01:28:29.335 --> 01:28:43.314
how they can take things apart mechanical strain and I just have a slide that shows the effort for the electrical engineers is very interesting to show the duplication of faith.

679
01:28:43.345 --> 01:28:45.954
If you take an object picture of an elephant.

680
01:28:46.590 --> 01:28:50.579
He said it's a binary. It's our, it's a real value.

681
01:28:50.579 --> 01:29:04.104
Then you take the full spectrum of 50 of this object. 50 of reinventing the objective share complex effect. You have the face, and you have an object. Then you take. This is the room just a picture.

682
01:29:04.104 --> 01:29:13.435
So binary gives you the face and the attitude. Now, if you do, if you swap, if you take the phases of the elephant.

683
01:29:13.920 --> 01:29:20.100
And you started with the face of the room and you put it together, you're going to have the elephant in the room. So the.

684
01:29:20.100 --> 01:29:25.524
The phased value of objects, carry a lot of information in the face.

685
01:29:25.524 --> 01:29:36.984
Value of getting ratio is extremely important, but just the essence of measuring once you try to take that signal measurement probability. You're measuring.

686
01:29:36.984 --> 01:29:47.574
Now the way function size, quit, multiplied by DV. So the phases are lost, so we are able to solve these phases wherever to use a whole bunch of.

687
01:29:48.239 --> 01:29:59.395
A couple of, uh, activation procedures and then we can, we can either rate of return receipt requested and come up to a global minimum solution.

688
01:30:00.534 --> 01:30:10.524
If 1 of the criteria that we use just mentioned this is that in terms of signal processing to say, this probably makes sense to you if you have.

689
01:30:10.890 --> 01:30:14.819
An object that has a given bandwidth.

690
01:30:14.819 --> 01:30:15.475
You haven't so,

691
01:30:15.475 --> 01:30:16.314
you in my case,

692
01:30:16.314 --> 01:30:16.914
my band,

693
01:30:17.574 --> 01:30:21.654
it's densities crystal densities and then,

694
01:30:21.864 --> 01:30:26.274
if you measure signal of that object in this case and measuring a distraction,

695
01:30:27.175 --> 01:30:33.534
and if that distraction part until object that initially had a number of identities,

696
01:30:33.835 --> 01:30:35.064
then you influence space.

697
01:30:35.064 --> 01:30:49.074
You have a number of amplitude, plus a number of phases once you've already launched those phases. So you have lost half of the information that distraction pattern measure is sampled to at least twice. The Micros frequency.

698
01:30:49.914 --> 01:31:04.795
Then, without loss of capability, you can invite, you could solve the problem. So the conditions for us to be able to reconstruct an object is that our defense department has to be oversampled to at least twice a frequency. My language frequency is given by the.

699
01:31:05.369 --> 01:31:08.909
If this is my atomic space, and this is.

700
01:31:09.354 --> 01:31:23.274
The 9th appointment online to pile, but that would give him a negative. These are the points that will respond to the protection of the States despite if I sample over somebody that measure more, I can resolve the face.

701
01:31:23.574 --> 01:31:24.564
So these are the criteria,

702
01:31:24.595 --> 01:31:37.824
we need coherent being penetrating people would need to be sample biased and once that condition is satisfied with the correct this old fashioned,

703
01:31:38.515 --> 01:31:41.755
use the projection.

704
01:31:41.784 --> 01:31:52.074
I'll go with it. There's ever reduction. There's hybrid input, output, some random automated relaxation, series of algorithms that are very familiar to signal processing.

705
01:31:52.074 --> 01:31:59.425
We use that to be sharp objects, Nano objects and show very interesting information.

706
01:32:00.595 --> 01:32:13.344
We've used, I've embarrass tightening the ensemble party, because I showed you before we reconstruct the shape of an object the object is about 140 nanometers in this direction.

707
01:32:13.734 --> 01:32:25.885
We can identify specific resolution of about 5 nanometer 5 by 5. well, even better concise to the article over here, we're projecting the displacement field of.

708
01:32:28.974 --> 01:32:39.173
Of the atoms on the ship this case in Armstrong. So mine's open to react from the bus open to do means that the extra that you need.

709
01:32:39.173 --> 01:32:52.253
So, over here, the atoms are compressive together and Ray stands out and then 1, we can also slice this a little bit of physics behind this, that shows how these basement fuel scares with the organization.

710
01:32:52.793 --> 01:33:00.594
We can slice through this. And we can find Regents in which you have this is the orientation to defer to typo Tom's there.

711
01:33:00.594 --> 01:33:11.064
So, this is the cost and products and when we apply and extend my electric field, the vortex call is moving and this is medium article going to face transition.

712
01:33:11.333 --> 01:33:20.783
So, what we're doing right now is that we can use these, these, these elementary excitations we can use these units.

713
01:33:21.149 --> 01:33:34.734
For a cubic for quantum computing, we can use them as there's a little bit of how this experiment works. How we collect the distraction. This is a snapshot of how the phasing works.

714
01:33:34.913 --> 01:33:47.873
We measure we measure a distraction packet size. We'll make sure that the sampling is better than that. I could frequency major. Intense is phrases are lost.

715
01:33:48.113 --> 01:34:00.293
So we started we started with a fast solution. We take the measure intensity's. We take the absolutely wearesquared and that becomes measure against us becomes the generator.

716
01:34:00.444 --> 01:34:13.224
I random phase, so we've had over the random no budget random phases. Take the exponential of those phases. Combined amplitude English transform that into, into their space.

717
01:34:13.524 --> 01:34:26.274
Introduce is a region, a support engine that we looked at the object is supposed to exist. These folks in the region comes from the accommodation section.

718
01:34:27.054 --> 01:34:29.033
If you measure the order correlations you can estimate.

719
01:34:29.213 --> 01:34:32.453
Correlation assumption is cute,

720
01:34:32.453 --> 01:34:34.974
but they just extend not transparent,

721
01:34:34.974 --> 01:34:36.894
but in your day,

722
01:34:36.894 --> 01:34:37.944
a couple of constraints,

723
01:34:37.944 --> 01:34:38.783
if I had enough time,

724
01:34:38.783 --> 01:34:45.804
I would see more about these things now and then once this is a criteria for convergence,

725
01:34:45.804 --> 01:34:55.613
when you can reconstruct the 3 dimensional object Patty card as low as 5 or even better is coming electronically.

726
01:34:55.913 --> 01:35:07.344
We don't have volume information. It's kind of before are particular. We can slice. So usually the approach we can image nano particles. That shows defects has defects.

727
01:35:08.934 --> 01:35:21.054
We could study elastic all environment, convening useless stress field to control the strain and show very interesting. This is unbearable.

728
01:35:21.149 --> 01:35:23.458
Particular that was a.

729
01:35:23.458 --> 01:35:36.774
These are various types of domains elastic don't. It's not fair electric. And the interesting thing was that we have an aggregate of charges similarities in the field, using an external trace.

730
01:35:36.953 --> 01:35:39.413
You could drive the single charges.

731
01:35:39.413 --> 01:35:42.894
And what would happen is that spring model charges,

732
01:35:43.073 --> 01:35:44.033
displays items,

733
01:35:44.033 --> 01:35:48.863
and the increased number infringing Maxwell,

734
01:35:49.253 --> 01:35:50.154
moving charge,

735
01:35:50.363 --> 01:35:59.394
creating magnetic fields by some sort of dynamic or using strays topological alarms in this case,

736
01:35:59.394 --> 01:36:00.474
in February,

737
01:36:00.474 --> 01:36:00.923
agnostic,

738
01:36:00.953 --> 01:36:01.524
kinks,

739
01:36:02.394 --> 01:36:07.524
displays ions and we can actually estimate the amount of magnetic field that could be created.

740
01:36:07.524 --> 01:36:22.404
So this is single use apparent crystal where he was an electric field to rank electric realization and could use a. you can lead out using a readout needs amendment. So you can use our life.

741
01:36:22.434 --> 01:36:36.684
That carries polarization to read out. I can say more about that. The topology come lump that we had in the Pharoah electric motor parameter. It's a vortex vortex call that moves.

742
01:36:37.823 --> 01:36:47.304
We have in your department and we defined that moment. The moment is the of the quarter fear.

743
01:36:47.304 --> 01:36:59.363
It's these are, it's almost like a future cub polarization field service turn a moment. This is the order parameter.

744
01:37:00.234 --> 01:37:02.514
Now as a function of the electric field.

745
01:37:03.083 --> 01:37:13.764
This is, the, is simply just a typo, so, just enrichment of each of these calls that sudden, electric, fewest trend.

746
01:37:14.274 --> 01:37:22.493
If you apply a few strength between 0T to 100 for example, you can, you can have regions, which is larger than the separation.

747
01:37:22.493 --> 01:37:37.014
It means that within this region and the electric few can move default X call without deforming object chain you can arrange the topology can move the call from the space on the Krista crystal

748
01:37:37.913 --> 01:37:39.173
without the form.

749
01:37:39.173 --> 01:37:52.734
You need for that. So, if you go beyond that field, you're going to new click is going to get away from electric fields, voltage, divided by the size of the object.

750
01:37:52.734 --> 01:37:55.944
So you can use this nitrogen to create.

751
01:37:57.418 --> 01:38:11.844
A 1 dimensional abroad. So this is just a slice somewhere in the particle but the structure of the textbook is really, it's a 1 dimensional. This particle is entirely insulating.

752
01:38:12.293 --> 01:38:27.264
You have a 1 dimensional abroad, which could become a channel, a couple of things that we do to, to make this channel. This channel could be semiconductors, which are problematic properties and also is dynamic. So that's a very interesting unit. That could be.

753
01:38:28.073 --> 01:38:41.213
You could have also have this polarization is pointing these are ways you could have the state, which is finding better ways to states that you can Super impose. Then you could entango them.

754
01:38:41.213 --> 01:38:46.073
So think about 1 particle you could have vortex. You can have.

755
01:38:46.918 --> 01:38:58.198
A vortex coherent yet, but those 2 States could become and waste each generation time. Good States. And that's kind of how we would build this type of units.

756
01:38:58.198 --> 01:39:04.738
I'm going to skip over this, uh, this slide, because there's a lot of things I wanted to show here. Um.

757
01:39:04.738 --> 01:39:08.458
The most important message that we have a.

758
01:39:09.323 --> 01:39:22.764
A vortex 1 dimensional rod, a special of the electric field, you can locate the structure is protected. It has a given topology. It could be useful information storage.

759
01:39:23.154 --> 01:39:33.354
And the way to do that is that we can use other things. Those words could be used for upgrading. So the previous has been upgrading this location could be the location of 1 for text.

760
01:39:35.064 --> 01:39:40.734
So you can just be if you remove the previous slide people panic on your slides and top and bottom.

761
01:39:42.833 --> 01:39:44.663
The way to show this was that we actually did,

762
01:39:45.264 --> 01:39:47.184
we wanted to build an element,

763
01:39:47.184 --> 01:39:55.944
you need something that is order so embedded impacting wires it's letting matrix matrix and then,

764
01:39:56.274 --> 01:39:58.043
depending on the aspect ratio of the wire,

765
01:39:58.043 --> 01:39:58.913
we can form.

766
01:39:59.309 --> 01:40:04.163
2 things, you can have a vortex vortex, anti, anti bomb.

767
01:40:04.224 --> 01:40:14.394
So the aspect we should put control you can have service and in which you are slicing over here because time involved, you can contribute and you can have a award tonight.

768
01:40:14.394 --> 01:40:21.984
You can have, you can have a time involved can have a given topological feature. You can see how those.

769
01:40:23.453 --> 01:40:31.314
How how big they are they upgraded so we can do radio patients. We're still working on these.

770
01:40:31.404 --> 01:40:38.724
Most of this could be you have to go at low temperature so you avoid phone number.

771
01:40:40.194 --> 01:40:45.054
There's a whole bunch of interesting things that could be could be done.

772
01:40:45.054 --> 01:40:57.713
We, we're building a functional elements in which could perform given specific types of upgrading in Tango system or we're trying to see what type of material they can show.

773
01:40:59.668 --> 01:41:12.838
And the youngest type of exchange behavior, besides what you expect from failures are the difference between but you have family on both ends and you have and the matrix that agents.

774
01:41:12.838 --> 01:41:26.724
If you have a 2 family and 2 electrons to change the process of either changing the electrons function accumulated again, it's an activated phase underwear function gets indicated will get a positive things.

775
01:41:26.724 --> 01:41:39.533
And then we'll be able to try something to you by looking at the timeline of how we exchange identical, electrical objects. We can come up with aggregate contract.

776
01:41:40.319 --> 01:41:46.708
That could be used as specific types of either for computation or storage.

777
01:41:46.708 --> 01:42:00.083
On what we're building, and there's just a lot of things that I could talk to you about. We can use, like, to read and to write into excite, but I'm going to speak 90 slides.

778
01:42:01.194 --> 01:42:14.963
I'm going to stop over here and I'll say the message is just wanted to advise that there is an X Ray. Now, the reason that could be used to capture the audio smarter faster, we can study materials that could handle.

779
01:42:15.389 --> 01:42:28.408
Uh, features, it could be topological layers where you have 8 States, and those states you can control you have a video of the spin courage.

780
01:42:28.408 --> 01:42:36.472
It could be topological defects themselves. Any lumps of fuel lungs fuel could be elastic.

781
01:42:36.472 --> 01:42:46.673
Feel could be fair electric, depending on the device that you can do it specific scenarios that you want specific all the systems.

782
01:42:50.484 --> 01:43:03.413
Like this for a given type of form of computation, if you want to see what is the whole grading statistics that you have to think of to design this type of systems.

783
01:43:04.344 --> 01:43:06.804
And here I'm gonna find a.

784
01:43:09.173 --> 01:43:11.963
Professor roundup for inviting me to,

785
01:43:12.354 --> 01:43:17.694
to give this talk and if there are any questions to answer,

786
01:43:17.694 --> 01:43:19.163
I know it's been a lot of material,

787
01:43:19.163 --> 01:43:30.684
but just the whole message that we can starting salary state materials that can hago elementary expectations.

788
01:43:30.684 --> 01:43:31.613
That could be useless.

789
01:43:32.128 --> 01:43:39.418
Possible candidates for 2 weeks. All right. Thanks.

790
01:43:39.418 --> 01:43:42.984
Well, thank you very much, and very interesting lot of information.

791
01:43:43.194 --> 01:43:44.934
I think here I'm project,

792
01:43:44.934 --> 01:43:48.323
I look your group's page in my class blog,

793
01:43:48.323 --> 01:43:50.783
so they can click on that more information,

794
01:43:51.024 --> 01:43:52.163
but I gather so,

795
01:43:52.163 --> 01:43:58.944
we're just at the beginning of what can happen with quantum computing with these new materials that are being researched on but yeah,

796
01:43:59.033 --> 01:43:59.394
yeah,

797
01:43:59.394 --> 01:43:59.844
that's true.

798
01:44:01.283 --> 01:44:12.413
It's just we just had the beginning with the material. We're a little bit behind the competitive theory, which is kind of a good thing for us a little bit ahead of us compared to the materials.

799
01:44:12.413 --> 01:44:16.884
Because of the for quite for quite some time there being a lack of probes.

800
01:44:17.453 --> 01:44:31.493
That you can use to really non destructive this study in normal escaped materials. So the emergence of secret trends and extra free electronic datasets, actually, it's pushed by a lot where we can look at, we can break up Nano.

801
01:44:31.493 --> 01:44:44.543
Why is this really slice them and study? Mega insulating phase transitions are very interesting systems and actually see them nano scale resolution. Thank you.

802
01:44:45.144 --> 01:44:47.184
Anyone else have any questions in the class.

803
01:44:47.519 --> 01:44:52.198
Laura is open just on mute yourself if you have any questions.

804
01:44:52.198 --> 01:45:06.569
If not well, thank you again and people can write you directly and read your homepage read here. I'm looking for research students and okay. Especially if folks who are very confident.

805
01:45:06.569 --> 01:45:18.509
With programming a Python Matlab a C plus parcel in image processing and stuff like oh, these people know that. So, yeah, so I get a link.

806
01:45:18.509 --> 01:45:26.279
Okay. All right. Thanks. Yeah, thank you again. All right. Bye. Okay.

807
01:45:32.309 --> 01:45:44.038
Also, if it's okay to give the to upload the recording of this to the class media. Great, I'll send you the link also for your own purposes. So.

808
01:45:44.038 --> 01:45:47.248
Definitely. All right. Thanks. All right. Thank you.

809
01:45:47.248 --> 01:45:50.819
Okay bye. Bye. Goodbye.

810
01:45:50.819 --> 01:45:58.048
Okay, class see you Monday.

811
01:46:14.969 --> 01:46:20.519
Silence.

812
01:46:22.979 --> 01:46:30.479
Silence.