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Okay, good afternoon. Everyone just.

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Just waiting for people to arrive.

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To the hourly still.

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Silence.

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Silence.

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Oh, okay. So.

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This is working sort of.

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Cool quantum computer programming class 19.

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December November. 5th. Okay.

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1 reason I do this, is that if I'm looking at a video after, and I get confused as of which video it is, and I've just identified it.

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So, what do we have happening today? The main attraction today is professor she for material science.

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May be joining us in a few minutes to talk a little about some of the things that he's doing with quantum physics. Oh, Hello?

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Yes, so she so, we're telling us about some physics issues with quantum quantum computing. So, would you like to go now or in a little while?

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I can go right now if you want, I can't.

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I can't hear you. I see. Okay.

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Your volume is not muted, but it's extremely low. I see. Okay. I think.

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How about right now.

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You know.

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Can't hear you.

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Interesting Ah, you're, you're extremely low.

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Extremely low. Can you hear him? Can you can hear him? Well, okay. Everyone, but I can.

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Okay, so how do I problem? I called it.

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Okay, that was me. Okay, so, let me.

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Stop sharing, and then you can put up your sharing and tell us what cool things are happening. Okay, thank you. Thank you.

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But limitations, so, let me share my screen to you guys.

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All right do you guys see my screen? Yes.

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Okay, that's pretty good. Okay. Thank you. Guys. Yeah, very active class, so that's pretty good. So.

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So, my name is Jane, she, and from a science department.

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So, my research is like a beta you directly related to quantum computing. So so I'm going to introduce my research your moment.

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Ah, but today I'm actually going to present this. I'm saying I found interesting.

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But the, the worker was completely down by others.

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So, but I feel that is very interesting and also I'll.

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I do work with I didn't work with 1 case that.

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Uh, involved in the research, I mean, present today.

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So, by the way, if you have any questions, my.

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Discussion or presentation, either you can tap your questions on the chat window just shot it to me.

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So, uh, I'd be very happy to talk with you guys. Actually, I went through the.

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Uh, syllabus this course. That's very interesting. I wish I had.

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I want you guys to take this class, but anyway, so so today's topic is quantum simulation quantum simulator. So obviously a quantum computer is a quantum simulator.

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But today I'm going to talk something associated with this.

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A quantum computer, so.

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If I'm not reach enough guys do all our quantum computer.

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So, uh, indeed you can, uh, it's going to be called quantum simulator.

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So, today's most a part of that to these contents.

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Actually, from these references here.

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So, uh, not over the publication is from me. So, to be honest.

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Uh, so, but, I mean, I tried to present what I know from the research, because there's some interesting science, uh, orphan here. So, what is my research? So I'm going to have 1 slide to present to my research.

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Um, okay, I basically work on oxide, so this is part of my research.

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So, uh, felt Nadia outsider. We basically, uh, work on the groups with such Nadia outside and also outside.

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So, you need that there's some interesting, uh, application or whatnot in the outsider for quantum computing, right? It's a content material so you can do this done conversion. So you have 1 full time.

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And after this, you have to full house, right? That's a down covering process. And these 2 found out, they can be in Tango. We have different, uh, polarization. Right? So, uh, this is 1 application. Of course, you are going to have other applications.

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Uh, you know, 1 thing you can think about is not even outside you have different, uh.

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If you have a few that you are going to have different, uh.

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Uh, in this index of a refresh, and in that case, you have to the phase of a full time.

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Either a multi portfolio, single, full time. If you're a modulator, the phase of the fulcrum, then you can do some teaching. Right? So, in other words, you can see this kind of outsider is 1 kind of engaging material. You can think about contemplating anyway.

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So, we use, for example, a past that leads our deposition to grew material.

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So this is a vacuum chamber and we send a laser on to the target.

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And then we put the substrate underneath and we collect the material. So, this actually why example.

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So, the saturated kind of think about is the season based outside, it's actually 1 nonlinear material and then we go to another.

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Uh, you know, actually, this is why you need sale fake.

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And you have interesting application like, of course, this includes quantum computing.

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Okay, uh, let's move forward to today's topic. Okay. Uh, feel free to interrupt me.

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If you have any questions. Okay. So, um, so what is our simulation?

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So, uh, this is a definition. Let me switch to the.

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Pointer okay, so basically we use the controllable quantities the quantum system to simulate.

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Auto quantum system, so, for example, if I understand that the ban structure, electronic structure of Silicon, I can use.

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A geranium. Crystal, right? So this is that you think that Jimmy and crystal is a quantum simulator to stimulate the quantum system of a.

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And obviously, this is not very interesting because the.

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If I understand the germanian, I understand the Silicon right it's very hard to understand Silicon. So, therefore it's also very hard to understand convenient.

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So, there's a, uh, you know, chicken chicken and egg problem here, but later I'm going to present some concrete examples. So, what are the examples that are controllable a quantum system?

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So, if I think this controllable conference system is like a quantum simulator. So called them simulator, you can think like.

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Include universal, quantum computer a universal computer computer definitely is a call the simulator.

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Because it can compute many phase, right? And also you kind of think about some simpler analog device.

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And these kind of analog device is a problem.

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Specific machine, it can only compute a sorting quantum problem.

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And that you kind of think that is a quantum, the simulator.

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So, in the following slides, I'm going to target this kind of problem, specific a machine.

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So that is 1 narrow definition of quantum computer.

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Okay, so, for quantum, a simulation, Oklahoma simulators a problem you can address.

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In cross, the many problem can address so, uh, enclosed from.

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The question is from condense a matter of physics. So these are some particular questions you can think about quantum transformations in models. Harvard model.

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Super conductivity and also include some questions from other fields.

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This enclosed high energy Phoenix cough.

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Chemistry the content chemistry and so on. Right okay. Yeah these are some interesting questions. But, let me, uh, pick up a very simple question.

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We have been encountering in many different fields, not only in, but your size, but all of the electric engineering, chemical engineering and chemistry. Physics right? What is this question?

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The equipment, it's actually very simple, a 3 dimensional lattice, Silicon last 2 medium. That is all other latencies right now. Have 1 electron. How does this electron travel in this? Lattice?

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You feel oh, this is very simple question, but in reality, it's actually a hard question. So that is associated with a trust part of this electron because if you treat electron as a, we function that have this quantum behavior.

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Then the interaction with the finance, and also with other.

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I are going to be a very complicated so people have to use approximation to address this problem and, you know, that it's very hard to compute and the mobility.

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Of, uh, matures, maybe it's very easy to compute to the mobility, but if I have a very complex crystal, how do computer mobility most of the computer, the results are wrong are completely wrong. Right? So what is the challenge behind it?

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So, let's take this example here, this actually associated with a random work.

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Right, right and so what is the running work? There's actually classical rather work and run a walk. So what is a classical writing work?

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Suppose you are a drunk person, right? So so you work in terms like a stack.

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And, uh, when you walk, you know, 1 dimensional space, either you work towards left. Oh, you towards right? Right right. So, every time, let's say you're walking things. The 1st step is why meter?

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But, whether you are going to move towards left, or towards the writer, it's a random case. You have 50% of a chance to walk towards Labs.

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50% of chance to move toward. Right right. So now question here is after many, many steps.

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Where are you? Or is this drunk person?

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Right. So it's apparently, it's a, uh, a distribution problem.

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So, if this is the origin of the starting position of the strong person.

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The final position is going to follow a corporate distribution, right? And the center of this course in distribution is going to be the original or initial position. Oh, this strong person. This makes sense, right?

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Um, you can see far away from this, uh, center you have lower probability.

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And in the center of the initial position.

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You have the highest probability, right? So these are the course and distribution.

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And that is intuitive, and we know how to solve this problem.

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India back in 19. 0, 5, he actually solve this problem in while he 5 papers.

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In that year, anyway so okay but what is the quantum around? So these are possible content around a work.

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Let's take out the result directly. This is the probability distribution.

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And this is a number step walk number step in the work. So you can see that. So.

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Oh, sorry the novice steps, you know, walk was taken to be 100, although it's 100. this 0T that is original position but with the struck person, supposedly strong person is a quantum.

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Object right so it does know the follow up disputing. He said that, right?

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It follow this kind of a very interesting distribution so.

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Away from this drunk person, you have a higher probability to find him.

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Close to this original position, you have a lower probability probability to find that person.

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The reason is very simple because so you got to think about like this for this drunk person, let's say it's going to go to a destination.

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So, how many different to pass away for this strong person to go to this destination in many different pathways right? So, we pathways we have the Super imposed stage.

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So this is a reason why you have this interesting distribution. So later I'm going to give you a better more concrete example there anyway. So.

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By studying this quantum arena work, you can actually understand the propagation of quantum particle on Labs.

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Right so this is a formula it's a quantum traffic part of behavior so we can see this a site that is a, we function of electron energy start.

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And this is a way functioning at the cheap glass of wine side. This is the way of functioning as the management side.

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The gamma that is the coefficient you can think that is a either tamila rate.

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Uh, you know, either copying coefficient and this is a, this is side g that is that we function at the original position. Right? So, let's say your amplitude is reduced.

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So you have these a Pre factor here so, anyway, by studying quantum around the walk, you can understand the quantum transport.

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And you can probably simulator the mobility of a crystal.

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Some increased okay now, the question is the.

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Yeah, that sounds easy, but help you do that, right? So we know that to you have very, you know.

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Fancy concept behind the quantum computing.

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A quantum computers, but the challenge is, how do you practically realize that? So that's actually a problem we have and some opportunities that we have. Okay. Now, let's think we had some concrete examples.

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So this is the upon from system I want to simulate, right? So, for example.

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Electron we function travel inside a 3 dimensional Labs.

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And now these are the quantum the simulator so.

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There must be a matching relation between the quantum senior system and the quantum simulators.

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So, what is the American relation? For example? This is actually a shooting equation, right? Single party was created. So you can see this is the solution. This is the initial state.

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So you must have the quantum simulator that can be used to prepare this.

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Initial state right here. Quantum system is a 5 0T in your column. Simulator is size 0.

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Also, you want to have this, you need to re, evolution, Pre factor.

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So, what is that? You can see the Tonya is inside.

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That means you have to create a have Tanya.

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That represents interaction between these electrons and surroundings right. To, uh.

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Realize this, you need to read evolution so this actually keep part over the quantum simulator. So we have to modify.

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You have to be able to control this simulator out this component so okay.

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These actually distinguish what this actually, this is the difference from what I said, before let's say, I want to understand the Silicon crystal convenient Chris door probably is how to convert to medium. Crosstalk right so you need to control the component of them.

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Jimmy and Chris, unfortunately cannot do that.

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So which means, it's not a useful quantum simulator. Of course, for the final stage, you have to be able to measure that. So you do have the functionalities here.

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Okay, so here there's a some example.

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How do you prepare the initial state? Right? How do you prepare your initial status?

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So, for party call for me on a state, basically, you actually can.

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Working with, in new video for you, we just created this electron like a, for example, electron.

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Yeah, this is a very straightforward. So, challenger part is the challenge part is that this unitary evolution, basically you want control ability.

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You know, common word, you it talk publication, right? You want the teaching.

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So, the pricing here is that.

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Sorry, let me switch around. So let's assume we have a global Antonio and this group is a, some of the many local components.

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Right many local interactions and then it's suppose.

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This relation hosts that means I can actually.

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Observe Al and Al prime independently with great accuracy so they don't the community to communicate with each other. Right? So call them mechanically. It means I can do the merriment separately.

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With, uh, you know, so a best, uh, instrument efficiency, I can have a accuracy I have.

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Right so then how do we get to this? You need to read.

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Uh, function so this you need to function mathematically can be written as.

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Multiplication of all these.

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Local unitary evolution functioning.

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So that is a pretty good, which means you can have local Gates.

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So, they are separated from each other. You can do the teaching separately.

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Of course, it's a very simple part. A huge reality.

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Often you don't have this relation right often. What do you have, you know, reality.

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H, and H. L prime do not community. They don't communicate with each other. So which means if you want to merit these 2 parameters.

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With your instrument accuracy cannot get that.

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Because these uncertain principle.

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There right, but there's actually some, a progress in the past a.

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Uh, there's a so called torture formula, so that is used to approximate.

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This unitary evolution function so basically, it's very simple. It's like a tailor expansion.

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You break down the time into many, many small pieces, but the challenge is, if you break down the time into many, many small pieces, you have to have many, many operations.

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Right. You need, uh, many operations advocating. So that is actually a problem.

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Behind it anyway, so these are the challenges behind them.

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Uh, so a quick summary is your master have a mapping relation between your system and your simulator, right? There's a manual relation. It can be a matrix right? Or a matching operator whatever. Right? So.

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Now, these are the theory behind, let's look at 2 concrete examples. So the 1st example is this.

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Let's pick out so the real problem in Phoenix.

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Right so what is this ham Tony is Tanya.

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Describe the interacting analytics right? So this is the, the creation and the destruction of preacher.

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This is a hopper interaction, so when 2 electrons are at the same side, you have this harbored interaction.

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And, of course, you have chemical potential, right? So that's associated with the lattice.

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Configuration of your whole crystal.

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This is the interaction about different sites.

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Okay, this is actually a very complex problem.

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In our material science community.

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Often transitioning mental materials. We have these kind of a.

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But, uh, you know, from you.

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Voting this is the functional theory.

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Although very successful in the past you have Nobel prize.

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For decent, decent density of functional theory.

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But you cannot solve this problem. So the problem is actually associated with this, you this you basically.

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Represents many different to peculiar interactions.

199
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And we cannot actually solve this problem by computer.

200
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But there's actually that problem method that is associated with quantum is right.

201
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To look at this, so these are economists system we want to study.

202
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Now, we need a find a controllable quantum simulator. Our quantum system.

203
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To simulate this real problem, right? How do we do that? It draws the Tonya.

204
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Bad described a gas that we interacting methodical atoms, you know.

205
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Article potential has the greatest greater similarity to the Tonya of, uh.

206
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You know, this transition metal compound, right? I mean, for me, so let's keep recap base, right?

207
00:23:24.509 --> 00:23:28.709
So, you have this, uh, this term here so.

208
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This I O. g or by the way they are the atoms in the optimal lattice you basically represent interaction of atoms within the same lattice, right?

209
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So this is the destruction and, uh, and creation operator.

210
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So, here it described the interaction amount of different.

211
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Right and here that is associated with intrinsic, a property of this optical ethics now.

212
00:23:55.798 --> 00:24:08.578
See, they have very good similarity and you, we actually can control this. You, we can control this absolutely. Here because the lab is here is created up by the optical.

213
00:24:08.578 --> 00:24:12.269
Uh, lasers, so by obstacle laser, you actually can control.

214
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You can design these the radical potential so there's some control ability here and then by chewing.

215
00:24:19.378 --> 00:24:30.598
These parameters similarly to is a real problem. So, this is the 1 example another example is actually, especially with you, what is a real problem here? The real problem is a.

216
00:24:30.598 --> 00:24:34.769
Basically that they're creating for us being 1 or 2 particles.

217
00:24:34.769 --> 00:24:40.019
And this is a, we function and this is a Tanya here.

218
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Of velocity, momentum, party Matrix, right? So, that's something you are familiar with.

219
00:24:46.439 --> 00:24:50.068
And the mass rest of the mass.

220
00:24:50.068 --> 00:24:55.439
And, uh, speed of light, right? So, let's see, I want to solve this. You create them.

221
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How do I do? Hey, Toronto there's another Antonia artificial haven't Tanya.

222
00:25:01.618 --> 00:25:05.398
That is very similar this directly created.

223
00:25:05.398 --> 00:25:09.148
So, what are you that? So these are the I'm Tania this the system.

224
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So, it's a habit of a single travel.

225
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Under a BI, chromatic field fuel that means have different frequencies, different frequencies. Okay. There's 2 parts right? You have more momentum you have some other coefficient.

226
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You have a party matrix here. You have not a party matrix here.

227
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Now, you have some other content here and this guy, Omega bar.

228
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Is associated with intensity of the by.

229
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That means if I change the intensity of this, the, I can modify, or can change or adjust or 2.

230
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The of this single chap on under this by.

231
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A chromatic a few them so basically, I can simulate to.

232
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This real relativeness take a quantum system using a.

233
00:26:02.818 --> 00:26:07.199
Now, relatively state called them system so this is actually 2 examples.

234
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These are actually a big abstraction so, at the beginning you mention that bound to that rather than walk.

235
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But you are talking about something else, can you go back to walk? Yes, we are going to go back to random book. Okay. So.

236
00:26:19.679 --> 00:26:27.778
So, let's see, I want to send me the right and walk. Right? How do we see that? What I think I think about how about I use electronic.

237
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Right. Nice lattice 1 dimensional that is I use electron to simulate to the single particle.

238
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Quantum trust part behavior. The probably of electron is how did they detect electron.

239
00:26:42.209 --> 00:26:55.169
Right so let's say you have a crystal at a different site, you want to check the we function whatever. Right? How do you do that? You just do not have a detected that is smart enough to detect each individual.

240
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So that is a challenge to behind it, right? So we cannot do that. So.

241
00:26:58.858 --> 00:27:02.038
But we do have some other interesting we function.

242
00:27:02.038 --> 00:27:07.259
And now we function is large enough. You can think about the we list. It's large enough.

243
00:27:07.259 --> 00:27:14.759
So, we can detect that. Right? So what do you that full time full time for the wavelengths cover.

244
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From a tiny small feature to a very large like a kilometers right. Kilometers. So, I mean, of course even larger. So.

245
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Uh, then I can do something. Okay.

246
00:27:28.409 --> 00:27:37.108
Okay, before we do that, let's to catch the decompress and arrow problem that we may encounter in quantum simulator.

247
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This decompress and our problem is less dramatic quantum computer.

248
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Because the reason the best info, because I only.

249
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Some certain problem very specific problem, so it's not a universal quantum computers so I don't worry about many things. Right? So that's why you have less dramatic, uh, requirements on that. So.

250
00:27:57.628 --> 00:28:03.659
Uh, this is actually an interesting statement. Actually, I received the from this manuscript, so.

251
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Is paper decompress is useful since it's a way to study decompress. So you can think about that. This.

252
00:28:12.118 --> 00:28:17.128
A statement as interesting anyway, let's talk about physical implications.

253
00:28:17.128 --> 00:28:23.068
There are many different ways to study content simulation right?

254
00:28:23.068 --> 00:28:28.259
So, here, let's to cast some example here. So how about a polar molecule?

255
00:28:28.259 --> 00:28:38.038
Power molecule is America that has a net at that moment so you don't have the same entry so you have a priority. Yeah. And I think about the is.

256
00:28:38.038 --> 00:28:42.868
Uh, it's very easy to get right because you have a typo here, but the problem is, uh.

257
00:28:42.868 --> 00:28:49.528
It's easy to get at the, get it. The okay, so you have some neutral Atom, optical attics.

258
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New to agile so which means you have a lot of the current time but the problem is the control, the ability.

259
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Right so you have other ways to do that. But anyway, the central problem we have currently in the quantum community community is a.

260
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Control ability, and the scalability control ability basically is the gauging a scalability is, uh, you know, if you screwed that up.

261
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Can you still do the quantum computing? So that's a problem, right?

262
00:29:18.479 --> 00:29:25.348
Okay, so let's go back to the full house. Uh, the reason we pick up full house I was actually associate with the personal industry stuff.

263
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It's because you can do real time for operation if you click the IBM quantum computer right? So you have to cool down at mainly Calvary team.

264
00:29:34.318 --> 00:29:37.769
Um, you have to be rich enough to do that.

265
00:29:37.769 --> 00:29:44.788
What if I have a quantum computer that can works at room temperature? So that is something have been thinking in the past to.

266
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I need a full time, kind of survive the.

267
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Decrement is a time of whole town can be long enough.

268
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At room temperature a forecast and of course, you have long peak orange, 10, right?

269
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But you may feel, okay, these are the good parts of this, the full time.

270
00:30:02.519 --> 00:30:16.558
A cube, it's the pod. So you must have some bad departure. Yes. You have bad heart. No matter how hard it is. How do you gauge the material? How basically you don't interact with electrocuting I think about if I have electric view, that applies this electric food. The 2 of the hotels.

271
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I guess by phone, or does not respond to the attribute, right? So, I don't care about you unless you have some interesting observing a design. For example, the 1 I mentioned at the beginning.

272
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If you have non linear optical matures, you basically modify the index index refresh.

273
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By applying, unless we feel the army material, therefore you change the velocity of the.

274
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I'm not sure, but then you can modify the face, right? So, some information yeah. Okay. Anyway, let's go back to the quantum around the walks, right?

275
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No, um, actually back from Nancy 165 again by 9 and keeps.

276
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They actually predicted the behavioral corner ran a walk.

277
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Something like this right? So if you all see whether my particle has this quantum groundwork behavior, this is actually the whole much.

278
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Over the quantum route a walk so you don't have a course in distribution. You have this kind of a.

279
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Computer distribution, far away from the orange are the initial initial position.

280
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You have a higher probability to find that your object a drunk person.

281
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By the person okay.

282
00:31:28.138 --> 00:31:33.749
So, let's take some, uh, interesting feature about quantum.

283
00:31:33.749 --> 00:31:37.979
But, Karma counterparty, good these tests from the arranging.

284
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Grows linearly with time, and he will call this as a political propagation.

285
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Political propagation, rather if you.

286
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For classical rather walk this test is a function of a square root of the.

287
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Tea tea, tea, tea that time. Apparently that is not a linear relation. There.

288
00:32:00.179 --> 00:32:04.169
But that is a feature if you save rather than work.

289
00:32:04.169 --> 00:32:09.269
That's a classical read a book, right? And that is associated. Understand localization.

290
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So, what is understand localization.

291
00:32:12.328 --> 00:32:15.898
So, I understand actually predict that this peculiar behavior.

292
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Almost 50 years ago. So what is that.

293
00:32:19.709 --> 00:32:23.098
Suppose I have a quantum object.

294
00:32:23.098 --> 00:32:28.979
So, this you can imagine that to agile object is going to.

295
00:32:28.979 --> 00:32:33.118
Uh, do some around and walk, right? We are going to move around, but.

296
00:32:33.118 --> 00:32:37.378
Hour let's see a green so this.

297
00:32:37.378 --> 00:32:43.679
Quantum object is going to probably follow the gradient and it's going to travel around. Right?

298
00:32:43.679 --> 00:32:48.959
So, that is actually is a classical picture, but there is my problem you can think about that.

299
00:32:48.959 --> 00:32:57.179
For example, this quantum objects, let's say it's a particle is lateral, it's less lateral and try to move to the destination.

300
00:32:57.179 --> 00:33:03.419
Let's say you have all to pass to pathways to travel to the destination, right?

301
00:33:03.419 --> 00:33:07.288
But for quantum objective, you do, have you, could you have like a.

302
00:33:07.288 --> 00:33:15.778
Uh, equal probability for this electron to trap to the destination for these 2 paths. If these 2 pass, we are identical to each other. Right?

303
00:33:15.778 --> 00:33:19.378
But then the, consequently you are going to have a.

304
00:33:19.378 --> 00:33:23.038
Uh, interference if you follow the way behavior.

305
00:33:23.038 --> 00:33:27.659
This interference could be destructive, or could be constructive.

306
00:33:27.659 --> 00:33:35.548
It's a destructive that means this electron is not to move to a destination at home. It's going to be localized here.

307
00:33:35.548 --> 00:33:43.858
Because this is a single party call, it's going to have a different pass into the destination because the quantum nature of the particle.

308
00:33:43.858 --> 00:33:48.419
In that case, you have this localization, you are fully stop here.

309
00:33:48.419 --> 00:33:53.159
How about the classical object class you go to? It can always diffuse.

310
00:33:53.159 --> 00:33:58.979
And can always diffuse towards the region where you have a lower chemical potential.

311
00:33:58.979 --> 00:34:04.078
Right. So anyway, let's pick that some example here.

312
00:34:04.078 --> 00:34:08.789
Okay, so if we want to understand.

313
00:34:08.789 --> 00:34:20.518
The content track, part of behavior so I have to handle this. Right? This is actually a simpler 1. this is the approximate to the ingredient creating that that described trust part O, content particle.

314
00:34:20.518 --> 00:34:23.998
Okay, this is actually something I explained at the beginning.

315
00:34:23.998 --> 00:34:31.409
Right. Okay no question is yes, I want to study these quantum transporter quantum Randall work.

316
00:34:32.699 --> 00:34:38.639
What quantum simulator can I build up? Right? So, this is actually a very simple question. You can think about.

317
00:34:38.639 --> 00:34:41.699
A, I tried to Tucson 8.

318
00:34:41.699 --> 00:34:51.898
A group, a genius scientist that they were able to design some quantum simulator to solve this problem. So, what are their quantum assimilate look like.

319
00:34:51.898 --> 00:34:56.728
So, basically, it's a read a re, a.

320
00:34:56.728 --> 00:35:03.628
Uh, we've got obstacle we've guys can see you see the wave guide and this is X Y, Z direction.

321
00:35:03.628 --> 00:35:09.838
Allows the direction, uh, the whole town travels so you have these the 1 of our fault house.

322
00:35:09.838 --> 00:35:13.679
And then if you send the lighter.

323
00:35:13.679 --> 00:35:17.159
From 1 side, for example, from this location here.

324
00:35:17.159 --> 00:35:24.748
Now, you detect the intensity of the photos at these sites.

325
00:35:24.748 --> 00:35:28.498
Far away from the orange, right?

326
00:35:28.498 --> 00:35:32.818
So, you can have many different detectors. How many of the detectors.

327
00:35:32.818 --> 00:35:38.458
Because we've got a large enough, right? Oh, you just the 1 1 D texture right? You just have a camera.

328
00:35:38.458 --> 00:35:41.728
A 1 dimensional camera to detect to the.

329
00:35:41.728 --> 00:35:45.989
Uh, fulltime intensity after the full time path through this, uh.

330
00:35:45.989 --> 00:35:49.079
But we've guidance. Okay. You see yeah.

331
00:35:49.079 --> 00:35:52.559
Why that 1 can simulate to.

332
00:35:52.559 --> 00:35:56.458
Your call them.

333
00:35:56.458 --> 00:36:01.168
The equation that the trust part equation of this kind of we've guided.

334
00:36:01.168 --> 00:36:05.489
It's very similar as the trust part of behavior of electron.

335
00:36:05.489 --> 00:36:10.259
So these are the equipment behind this is actually a classical you created.

336
00:36:10.259 --> 00:36:17.128
A, that is the amplitude a, we've employed to the site team for the photo, right?

337
00:36:17.128 --> 00:36:23.548
So, a beta that's the onsite, the adding value and see, that's the copying content to accounting.

338
00:36:23.548 --> 00:36:29.789
Between 2, adjacent side I energy. Right? So this is actually a similar as the gamma. Yeah.

339
00:36:29.789 --> 00:36:33.688
Here that is between G and a G, man is 1 that is.

340
00:36:33.688 --> 00:36:37.259
Equivalent to gamma g. G. management.

341
00:36:37.259 --> 00:36:44.998
This is the amplitude now this is the we function. Right? So, this is actually because this is the molarity so they were able to.

342
00:36:44.998 --> 00:36:48.688
Uh, build this call from simulator to mimic, because I'm saying.

343
00:36:48.688 --> 00:36:52.409
No, the preliminary results receive received that.

344
00:36:52.409 --> 00:36:55.798
Years ago right?

345
00:36:55.798 --> 00:37:00.659
And, uh, this is actually the intensity distribution of a full house.

346
00:37:00.659 --> 00:37:10.409
At this society by the way. So what do you see here? The basically encouraged the 2 time so you have a partial side partial cheat here, right?

347
00:37:10.409 --> 00:37:17.668
Here is the partial E partial C and Z and the key can be correlated together right? So, because.

348
00:37:17.668 --> 00:37:22.139
A lot of travel as a speed of a, uh.

349
00:37:22.139 --> 00:37:25.798
Light so anyway.

350
00:37:25.798 --> 00:37:37.079
You can see from these cider the highest the intensity does not occur add to the origin position. It occurs at the 2 sides.

351
00:37:37.079 --> 00:37:50.248
Of this, we've got a race right? So this is actually a beautiful, but this is just a simple quality result here. Not less people catch their quality results. This is a computer simulation.

352
00:37:50.248 --> 00:37:55.289
You can see this is a propagation propagation, uh, these tests.

353
00:37:55.289 --> 00:38:04.889
I think that this is like a Z, right? This is T or Z and this, what is X? X is a position. 0T means original. Our initial position.

354
00:38:04.889 --> 00:38:13.320
And away from 0T, that's the position you collect the a photo. Oh, this is a simulation. Can see that.

355
00:38:13.320 --> 00:38:16.949
Away from the center, you have a higher intensity.

356
00:38:16.949 --> 00:38:20.250
So that is a expected for content work.

357
00:38:20.250 --> 00:38:24.000
Now, let's do an experimental results.

358
00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:27.630
Away from these, you could do 5 millimeter.

359
00:38:27.630 --> 00:38:32.159
And this is what you expect, right? Oh, this is what is the observed.

360
00:38:32.159 --> 00:38:36.750
If it's the 17 mini meter, they say what it observed do.

361
00:38:36.750 --> 00:38:41.099
Obviously, you can see these are the hallmarks of a run of work.

362
00:38:41.099 --> 00:38:45.150
Away from the center, you have a higher probability to find in your follow ups.

363
00:38:46.500 --> 00:38:54.239
Close to the original position you basically do not to oh, you have a lower probability to find the photos.

364
00:38:54.239 --> 00:39:02.699
Right of course you have some defects you have where we're distribution. That makes sense. Right. Okay. Now what if I increase disorder.

365
00:39:02.699 --> 00:39:07.019
English disorder, for example, how do I how how do they Christie solder?

366
00:39:07.019 --> 00:39:10.710
Basically decreased disorder by changing the width of the wave guide.

367
00:39:10.710 --> 00:39:15.900
Height of the wave guide. This is the way the change increase that disorder.

368
00:39:15.900 --> 00:39:19.739
You can see if you increase this order, you have this, uh.

369
00:39:19.739 --> 00:39:32.909
Classic, sorry, you have this quantum around a walk distribution. You move to this understand localization this also upon behavior. This is not caution. I see. There's no question. So it's actually understand localization. It's also content behavior.

370
00:39:32.909 --> 00:39:37.409
Okay, this is interesting, right? But you may ask me yeah.

371
00:39:37.409 --> 00:39:42.119
These are not a single phone calls. How do you know it's the quantum behavior.

372
00:39:42.119 --> 00:39:45.750
Right. You use a classical laser coherent or photos.

373
00:39:45.750 --> 00:39:50.429
How do you know the, for the quantum for for portfolio folder?

374
00:39:50.429 --> 00:39:55.710
A single phone call, you have similar behavior. Okay. Uh, we are going to discuss that in a moment.

375
00:39:55.710 --> 00:40:07.349
But, anyway, so the senior leader here is we are just a prime eater so here, the introduce the defects, right? We adjust the parameter.

376
00:40:07.349 --> 00:40:13.320
You have to make a new chip, a new, a re, so 1, quantum simulates only.

377
00:40:13.320 --> 00:40:16.949
You know, modify why prime you, sir so you are the 2.

378
00:40:16.949 --> 00:40:24.210
Computer this behavior, you have to have many, many, many quantum chips here. Right? That is actually.

379
00:40:24.210 --> 00:40:27.329
A waste of time a waste of energy.

380
00:40:27.329 --> 00:40:31.920
But, anyway, that was the 1st, the demonstration that or audio great success.

381
00:40:33.150 --> 00:40:36.360
Okay, now let's move to the single phone homework and.

382
00:40:36.360 --> 00:40:43.110
This actually it was down 2013, this actually 2 4000 in tangled of homework.

383
00:40:43.110 --> 00:40:47.789
What, if I send them my light into this a wave guide Ray.

384
00:40:47.789 --> 00:40:52.800
With my life to be 1 parent, we entangled a photo.

385
00:40:52.800 --> 00:41:00.480
To expect a similar behavior, right? In other words, do I expect that this carnival ran a walk and also understand localization.

386
00:41:00.480 --> 00:41:07.139
2013, a group, a scientist stuff from Europe, they actually data this experiments. Okay.

387
00:41:07.139 --> 00:41:15.599
Okay, the major, uh, you know, actually array of wave guides are different overdone this time.

388
00:41:15.599 --> 00:41:22.139
So, basically seamless. I top here you see, it's a triangle here because.

389
00:41:22.139 --> 00:41:31.019
Um, if you ask you some components here, your photo does now go there. So, um, the photo travels on travel, add the direction allows the.

390
00:41:31.019 --> 00:41:35.820
Okay, so what are the components you need? So basically you have 2 components.

391
00:41:35.820 --> 00:41:47.639
So, 1 component is a beam later, you know, the peculiarity of the beams feature. Yeah. 50% a chance for this a single photo. So move to all this tracking tool to, to pass the.

392
00:41:47.639 --> 00:42:00.119
Uh, bemis later. Oh, you have a 50% for the full time to be reflected by the team later, right? So, there's so many interesting things about the PM speech. So you have basically that the types.

393
00:42:00.119 --> 00:42:08.940
Right. You either you have 0T or 1 either you move towards left or the right? By the way. So far we only talk about 1 dimensional transport.

394
00:42:08.940 --> 00:42:14.429
Very simple, right for city and germanian. You talked about 3 dimensional transport electrons have to.

395
00:42:14.429 --> 00:42:19.769
A 3 dimensional space, right? But so far, only people who all into 1 dimensional simulation.

396
00:42:19.769 --> 00:42:23.639
Okay, anyway, let's go back to this actually cut off his shifter.

397
00:42:23.639 --> 00:42:28.889
So, what is the so, uh, basically, I think that's an engaging component.

398
00:42:28.889 --> 00:42:32.130
Uh, it's like my nonlinear optical material.

399
00:42:32.130 --> 00:42:37.829
You apply electric feudal to change the refractive index you modify the face of the.

400
00:42:37.829 --> 00:42:43.019
You modify the velocity of the phone call you mount the face of a hotel.

401
00:42:43.019 --> 00:42:51.690
Okay, so, uh, what does the structure look like here? Reality this group they basically used so called irrational copper to replace the beam speeter.

402
00:42:51.690 --> 00:42:56.159
Because speed is so big, right? So, yes, to take too much of space.

403
00:42:56.159 --> 00:43:00.690
Okay, so now the question is that.

404
00:43:00.690 --> 00:43:04.349
If you are upon them a simulator, you must have some control ability.

405
00:43:04.349 --> 00:43:11.280
Right if you don't have control ability, it's almost useless. So what are the control ability come from?

406
00:43:11.280 --> 00:43:18.750
Okay, okay email only the outsider applied attribute. I changed the face, but what do they do here? They are changed the less.

407
00:43:18.750 --> 00:43:26.820
They changed that the formation of the wave guide, and then therefore they can change the length of the wave. Of course, you have different lists of the fire wave guide.

408
00:43:26.820 --> 00:43:30.510
Yeah, you have different, uh, uh, face after the.

409
00:43:30.510 --> 00:43:38.219
A full time pass through that wave guys. Right? So okay. The problem here is that every time you want it to modify wide parameter.

410
00:43:38.219 --> 00:43:46.409
You have to make a new chip, so you have to build the quantum simulators over many, many different.

411
00:43:46.409 --> 00:43:54.210
With each of them to have a particular parameters. So this is basically the progress back to 2013.

412
00:43:54.210 --> 00:44:02.940
And they made this chip by a 2nd, the laser by the way. Okay. Now that's to catch simulation results.

413
00:44:02.940 --> 00:44:15.539
Okay, this time they use 1 pair of in Tango the photo so I'm hearing untangle the photo. So, uh, okay, this is actually the setup. So, because you have 1 parent entangle the photo. So you must have to England.

414
00:44:15.539 --> 00:44:18.570
Right a, and B, here, no, I put a detector here.

415
00:44:18.570 --> 00:44:24.480
I have a 16 detected here, so let's see it's a single folder detector.

416
00:44:24.480 --> 00:44:27.630
Okay, so they don't have 2 photos and I think about oh.

417
00:44:27.630 --> 00:44:36.690
When I come to the probability, I must kind of probably collect this way. The probability of the tech team.

418
00:44:36.690 --> 00:44:41.969
My fault hung at a part of 3 and detecting another full time.

419
00:44:41.969 --> 00:44:46.110
That's a part of function, but this is the, how you come to the probability.

420
00:44:46.110 --> 00:44:56.820
Because in Tango you have to have to or false detected, right okay. This actually the probability matrix. So, how do we read this? Right?

421
00:44:56.820 --> 00:45:02.280
So, for example, let's think, have this very black start here. What's the meaning that.

422
00:45:02.280 --> 00:45:07.829
So the color reference the probability so the probability to detect a while.

423
00:45:07.829 --> 00:45:16.650
Fold home at a 6.6 and another full town at 3.

424
00:45:16.650 --> 00:45:20.670
Right. The do you have a very high probability? Same thing.

425
00:45:20.670 --> 00:45:27.000
This is the probability to detect 1 full time at a part of 3, another portal and 6.

426
00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:35.400
So, it's a symmetrical right that makes sense because the 2 photos are identical to each other. So, of course, we have different polarization.

427
00:45:35.400 --> 00:45:38.579
What is this? This is the fault.

428
00:45:38.579 --> 00:45:41.940
I'm also basically, um.

429
00:45:41.940 --> 00:45:45.719
They like to interact with each other. They like to stay with each other.

430
00:45:45.719 --> 00:45:49.949
From young, for example, they don't like to to stay with each other for example.

431
00:45:49.949 --> 00:45:54.300
My very famous principle for formula is a party through in principle.

432
00:45:54.300 --> 00:46:01.860
So, basically, if you put 2 electron a same property, they don't like they, they don't like those stay with each other right? You have these.

433
00:46:01.860 --> 00:46:07.440
Interaction by 4 times photo basically, uh, both hands.

434
00:46:07.440 --> 00:46:12.150
You basically can put them together. That's why I have laser right later. You have a lot of fulcrum's.

435
00:46:12.150 --> 00:46:17.010
But you don't have a lifelong laser right? Anyway so fall for us.

436
00:46:17.010 --> 00:46:20.670
You have a similar behavior um, um.

437
00:46:20.670 --> 00:46:25.500
You have a highest probability to detect to while electron.

438
00:46:25.500 --> 00:46:36.750
1, from you, and the part sticks and another from you as a part of 3 so public's part of 3 separate from each other. Right? But anyway, what, if you put them together.

439
00:46:36.750 --> 00:46:41.340
Let's see, what is a single object distribution.

440
00:46:41.340 --> 00:46:53.519
Again, you can see that Sir close to that center. You don't have a high probability away from the center. You have a higher probability. So center here basically is a follow.

441
00:46:53.519 --> 00:46:59.280
Between 4 and 5, right? So that's a central. So, this is the format global quantum around and walk.

442
00:46:59.280 --> 00:47:08.010
Right. Okay. This is still 1 dimensional 1 dimensional. Okay now if I have more sets, right? Have like a tour.

443
00:47:08.010 --> 00:47:11.760
Uh, term parts here I have 8 ports.

444
00:47:11.760 --> 00:47:15.480
As later I have 16 ports you have a similar behavior, right?

445
00:47:15.480 --> 00:47:21.480
Right so you have a high probability to find 2 why.

446
00:47:21.480 --> 00:47:27.690
Full time at the part of 3 another full time at the part of 3 as well. Right? So this is the bulk.

447
00:47:27.690 --> 00:47:35.909
But another 1 is you have a highest probability to find 1 full time to product 10 another for the, and upon the team.

448
00:47:36.204 --> 00:47:48.835
Right. So if you add that together, you have this format of a corner run of work. But how about the formula formula you mentioned that they don't like each other because here can see these 2 photos they occur at the same site right?

449
00:47:48.864 --> 00:47:51.324
But hop out of all from your formula, they don't do that.

450
00:47:52.079 --> 00:48:00.300
Highest and promote meditate to find a while from young at the site to pay another. And also another formula.

451
00:48:00.300 --> 00:48:03.480
Add to say 3, right? Same thing here.

452
00:48:03.480 --> 00:48:10.800
So 1 is the 3 mine is 10. so you have this kind of, uh, interesting observation here. Basically you don't see this tool.

453
00:48:10.800 --> 00:48:15.690
For me else at the same location, anyway, you have this distribution.

454
00:48:15.690 --> 00:48:22.230
Okay, and again you have similar observations so this is pretty good actually, very interesting observation.

455
00:48:22.230 --> 00:48:35.130
Okay, how about it? Understand localization. Can we do actually local localization. Localization exactly. Very. You just to introduce a lot of defects you introduced log defects and if your system is a content based stuff.

456
00:48:35.130 --> 00:48:41.280
You at some level, you are going to see kind of a tangent localization.

457
00:48:41.280 --> 00:48:45.570
I'm just a localization you of course, you expect a sound feature.

458
00:48:45.570 --> 00:48:52.469
Feature that distribution and also what is the case for and from you for both on Cassie? Yeah.

459
00:48:52.469 --> 00:48:55.530
Add to the center, you have the highest probability.

460
00:48:55.530 --> 00:49:00.239
To find that this, this parallel folder right is pair of.

461
00:49:00.239 --> 00:49:10.889
Eva, you have like, a tour of sites and 16 sites you have this localization. So, in the sensor, you have the highest probability. That is a localization basically.

462
00:49:10.889 --> 00:49:16.110
They are localized here. Right? So this a initial position is the initial position as well.

463
00:49:16.110 --> 00:49:22.469
And if you have a little number of sites, then they are not a localized stuff. You do have that, right?

464
00:49:22.469 --> 00:49:26.820
Okay, how about, uh, uh, from you from you, they don't like and stay with each other, right?

465
00:49:27.840 --> 00:49:36.389
You can see that these 2 black, uh, patterns, the black scores. They don't overlap with each other. That means.

466
00:49:36.389 --> 00:49:45.960
You basically don't notice the fact that these 200 at the same location right? That's consistent with the behavior from you. Okay. There's a last day example.

467
00:49:45.960 --> 00:49:50.489
Let's take that the time. So, this is the last example, what is this?

468
00:49:50.489 --> 00:50:01.980
So, you may feel that, wow, this is the simulator. They are not very useful because every time you want to modify a parameter, you have, you have to build a while.

469
00:50:01.980 --> 00:50:08.460
A simulator, um, that's just too expensive, right? And to time consuming.

470
00:50:08.460 --> 00:50:15.269
You know, too expensive. Okay. 2017 a progress.

471
00:50:15.269 --> 00:50:20.429
So, this progress, what he thinks again, they build up the similar.

472
00:50:20.429 --> 00:50:30.449
Our system, or by the way, if you take that approach to our progress is the content behavior right? So, the results are similar as the classical cover into fulltime source.

473
00:50:30.449 --> 00:50:38.699
So, basically, classical, 400 in some manner are very similar as a single behavior. Right? So that is pretty good.

474
00:50:38.699 --> 00:50:43.650
Anyway, so this is another design it's a seminar as a previous.

475
00:50:43.650 --> 00:50:52.889
Except there are 1 exceptions. So, what is that remember previously when they choose they want to change the face of the.

476
00:50:52.889 --> 00:50:57.780
The different 30 from to the we've guided therefore we had different length.

477
00:50:57.780 --> 00:51:01.170
How do you do that with an agency to manner?

478
00:51:01.170 --> 00:51:08.099
Right. You don't fabricate a new cheaper. You just do that. You see 2 manner. How do you do that to this group?

479
00:51:08.099 --> 00:51:17.250
They built up this fish by syncada some article face traitors from obstacle phase matures.

480
00:51:17.250 --> 00:51:21.210
So, what does that mean that basically it's a Silicon.

481
00:51:21.210 --> 00:51:30.630
And you just use your heating to change the temperature of the Silicon, because you have different temperature you have different uh.

482
00:51:30.630 --> 00:51:35.699
In the face of a reality infraction, right? So what a typical voltage we have.

483
00:51:35.699 --> 00:51:40.650
10 to 10 vaults and Tammy M here, uh, for each shift her.

484
00:51:40.650 --> 00:51:47.340
So, you have hundreds of his tutors here actually, this chief has been commercialized that.

485
00:51:47.340 --> 00:51:51.150
So these start, they had a start up company for this kind of cheap because.

486
00:51:51.150 --> 00:51:55.980
You can have in such a way to do the calculation. So they call that a.

487
00:51:55.980 --> 00:51:59.219
Programmable Nano tamika precisely.

488
00:51:59.219 --> 00:52:05.670
Right. Anyway so let's look at. So, what is the discovery? Discovery is actually very interesting.

489
00:52:05.670 --> 00:52:08.760
So think about it, the premise, the discussion.

490
00:52:08.760 --> 00:52:17.309
If you increase the defect level, you start how localization localization right? The transport efficiency is going to be surprised.

491
00:52:17.309 --> 00:52:22.409
It's going to be surprised that intuitive because you had a lot of defects.

492
00:52:22.409 --> 00:52:25.739
Eventually, I'm localized.

493
00:52:25.739 --> 00:52:32.070
Here permanently right but this is what is the founder this economy track part efficiency.

494
00:52:32.070 --> 00:52:39.625
That is a dynamic disorder strengths so they actually introduced identical disorder. So basically, what does that mean? Mean?

495
00:52:39.835 --> 00:52:49.224
Like, for example, your crystal, your real crystal when the electron travels, you have a lot of vibrations people call on photos right? Darnell dynamic disorders.

496
00:52:49.500 --> 00:52:56.219
So you want to simulate that you have to create a decent dynamically folders, right? Of course, we can do that here because.

497
00:52:56.219 --> 00:53:04.800
They can see to modify that. So, and they are, they have in line with different levels so I do that. So, this is lab reservation. We have increased.

498
00:53:04.800 --> 00:53:14.010
The folder you have to transport efficiency that means all the material part of efficiency, right?

499
00:53:14.010 --> 00:53:21.809
Uh, they actually call that environment to a safe environment to assist in the quantum transport range getting started. That's a key discovery in this work.

500
00:53:21.809 --> 00:53:33.510
Anyway, so that's what the people have done and, you know, some, my understanding here okay, what are the opportunities for a material engineer for engineers?

501
00:53:33.510 --> 00:53:41.219
So, what have been working with Professor arena, Hong, a UC department to, you know, these topics here.

502
00:53:41.219 --> 00:53:44.280
So, previously that again, see, you.

503
00:53:44.280 --> 00:53:48.119
Uh, shift her right? So that is syndicate. It's actually very loveseat.

504
00:53:48.119 --> 00:53:52.079
Without, I mean, that means when the phone on traveled through this, so.

505
00:53:52.079 --> 00:53:56.760
We've guided yeah. Um, amplitude is going to be modified.

506
00:53:56.760 --> 00:54:00.300
That is now the CUDA, right? Your manager is going to modify the.

507
00:54:00.300 --> 00:54:03.900
Dramatically, if you have a lateral chip, so the question here.

508
00:54:03.900 --> 00:54:08.909
Um, also, uh, because Cindy has a very small a response.

509
00:54:08.909 --> 00:54:15.000
To electric, I'm talking about the damage constant or in the index of refraction.

510
00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.440
Can we replace the syndicate with the bachelor standard matures? Nadia.

511
00:54:19.440 --> 00:54:24.389
Right. So, um, so, I mean, what's the difference? How much the difference.

512
00:54:24.389 --> 00:54:29.670
From Nadia oxide, you have a data constant of a 1000, right?

513
00:54:29.670 --> 00:54:34.139
So, Index refresh is a square root of that is constant.

514
00:54:34.139 --> 00:54:38.010
So, you can think thoughts you have a almost a 100.

515
00:54:38.010 --> 00:54:41.940
Index a refraction, so which means it has to town.

516
00:54:41.940 --> 00:54:45.210
The velocity of the fall town by 100 attempts.

517
00:54:45.210 --> 00:54:49.199
Right Silicon, let's say you have 10 around the tank, depending on the adoption level.

518
00:54:49.199 --> 00:54:53.190
Right. So, in that case, you can have very effective modulation. Of course, you have.

519
00:54:53.190 --> 00:55:02.820
Skied scaled down your chip. How about the corner work or many in tangled up to this? Right? So many body problems. So that's another thing you can think about.

520
00:55:03.295 --> 00:55:17.275
Because in reality, you think, if you study the transport behavior, electron crystal, there's many electron, you said, it's not a single electron single electron definitely does not work. Actually it's not so good approximation. How about the Colorado work simulation at the to Australia mission?

521
00:55:17.425 --> 00:55:25.525
So far you see all the tbds 2 dimension, but it actually allows the lead time sheet. So it's actually 1 dimensional transport, right?

522
00:55:27.534 --> 00:55:41.605
How about a reconfigure penalty and the last issues? That's something I discussed them. Realistic. Older ladies. Vibrations. Can I just assimilate evaporation? Learning? The vibration is not a very so, there's Tommy, like a interesting behavior there.

523
00:55:41.724 --> 00:55:43.135
It's not fully randomized.

524
00:55:43.980 --> 00:55:48.269
And also, finally, can we have a scalable content article.

525
00:55:48.269 --> 00:55:55.530
Uh, circuits, so, without much feel free to let me if you have any questions. Yeah, thank you.

526
00:55:59.369 --> 00:56:04.289
Yeah, thank you very much. Okay, so yeah.

527
00:56:04.289 --> 00:56:09.840
Very informative. So, who funds to sort of work in a sap or industry or.

528
00:56:09.840 --> 00:56:20.639
Oh, so, uh, uh, mainly it's actually from a National Science Foundation. That's what I know. Yeah and also a European people need the, I think from like a, you or somewhere yeah.

529
00:56:20.639 --> 00:56:25.800
So the 1, the most recent 1 that was down by an achieve.

530
00:56:25.800 --> 00:56:29.550
So, uh, yeah, so he's a while on my collaborators.

531
00:56:29.550 --> 00:56:34.110
Okay, thank you. Does anyone in the class of any questions?

532
00:56:36.780 --> 00:56:51.775
Yeah, you kind of have any questions, so yeah, I'll Reno are we're giving us a talk also at some point. That's great. Yeah. That's great. So it's going to enhance my permission about this point of it yeah.

533
00:56:52.014 --> 00:56:52.224
Okay.

534
00:56:54.090 --> 00:56:57.630
So so you have a large class.

535
00:56:57.630 --> 00:57:01.139
Well, 19 students, so, yeah, that's pretty big.

536
00:57:01.139 --> 00:57:04.139
So, the 1st time for the class, so.

537
00:57:04.974 --> 00:57:17.875
Oh, I see. Well, my joke is, I proposed that and it was immediately accepted. I was amazed how fast or accepted it and, you know, I'm joking, I'm getting paid to learn stuff. I want to learn anyway.

538
00:57:17.875 --> 00:57:24.114
So most of the students you pay to learn. I'm getting paid to learn, so okay.

539
00:57:26.460 --> 00:57:33.030
Yeah, I mean, yes, so they should have spent more time on this right? But.

540
00:57:33.030 --> 00:57:43.199
Yeah, I'm trying to do it a different way. Like, I'm teaching the software part of it. The theory algorithms for mentioned Peter shore's, Anchorage or factoring.

541
00:57:43.199 --> 00:57:44.215
Yeah, I saw that.

542
00:57:44.215 --> 00:57:58.824
There's lots of knowledge there, so I wish I could, uh, you know, take that next semester what's online and what I'm doing this module actually, for a couple of weeks time, I didn't even realize how many different companies are doing quantum computing.

543
00:57:58.824 --> 00:58:07.255
I mean, are affiliated with IBM somewhat, but there's also there's several other companies doing different. Physical principle gets a lot of.

544
00:58:07.889 --> 00:58:12.599
Press positive and negative of course.

545
00:58:12.599 --> 00:58:20.789
Microsoft or the Microsoft software, Google, um, you can go to Amazon cloud and, um.

546
00:58:20.789 --> 00:58:31.349
Yes, yes. So, um, yeah, so, um, yeah, so but like, uh, these are like, the household names about companies, right?

547
00:58:31.349 --> 00:58:44.454
Um, but we also do that, but mostly university I find I know they do call them senior liters and you can call them come to you. That's why somehow I got this company the real like a universal quantum computer.

548
00:58:44.664 --> 00:58:58.885
That's why it's more important, much more important to address almost many problems, right? Yeah. Well, some of these companies come out of universities. There's 1 company I'll talk about came out of Maryland, for example, ion. Q, I think using it, right? Right.

549
00:58:59.034 --> 00:59:01.465
Oh, did you hear from Jay Han.

550
00:59:02.070 --> 00:59:09.360
I don't know if you've got the chat window open, but what I can see that I can see. So, the question is, when he's older size of those, we've got chips.

551
00:59:09.360 --> 00:59:16.889
Uh, what are the, what, uh, what they made of right? Is this a very good question? So, you know, like, uh, I don't know. Uh, so rather than like a.

552
00:59:16.889 --> 00:59:21.000
Uh, he's the majority of students from okay somewhere.

553
00:59:21.000 --> 00:59:24.269
Okay, that's pretty much. Could you tell us where you're at? What department you are in.

554
00:59:24.269 --> 00:59:33.210
Um, and but, yeah, anyway, yeah, I assume.

555
00:59:33.210 --> 00:59:42.090
She's a computer engineer, so it's similar. Yeah, so maybe better computer engineer. So, uh, by the way it's so like a.

556
00:59:42.090 --> 00:59:46.980
My observation is the most of the progress in quantum computing simulator.

557
00:59:46.980 --> 00:59:52.139
The cheaper label have being produced by the electrical engineers.

558
00:59:52.795 --> 01:00:05.275
So, I think we'd have much better understanding on many components starting from material to architecture circuits. Right? So, that's the thing. Now, let's let's answer. Let me try to answer this question.

559
01:00:05.454 --> 01:00:09.175
So, the last, uh, that, uh, the, the, the cheap actually.

560
01:00:09.480 --> 01:00:18.869
It was made by, uh, I think it's actually mechanical engineering, but, uh, and also, uh, students and a post op.

561
01:00:18.869 --> 01:00:24.119
So, the chick size, it's actually, I think it's, uh.

562
01:00:24.119 --> 01:00:29.639
Meaning meter millimeter size the challenge is okay, so what is the challenge here?

563
01:00:29.639 --> 01:00:32.730
The challenge is the guy that has to be large enough.

564
01:00:32.730 --> 01:00:39.690
Otherwise the moderation is too weak right? The motivation is too weak. So that is actually the challenge in the.

565
01:00:39.690 --> 01:00:44.250
Um, this for a cheaper community so, can you make a small chip?

566
01:00:44.250 --> 01:00:52.769
So that is a, I think the really, they have this problem and it's because we used to say the same.

567
01:00:52.769 --> 01:00:57.539
Like, a cider, if you want to the face over the phone.

568
01:00:57.539 --> 01:01:00.869
Your Silicon has to be long enough in order to do that because of that.

569
01:01:00.869 --> 01:01:04.170
Response was Silicon to electric queued up.

570
01:01:04.170 --> 01:01:11.699
Is very weak so there's coefficient is a PoC you created and basically categorized the response over the.

571
01:01:11.699 --> 01:01:16.170
Index a refresh into to electric.

572
01:01:16.170 --> 01:01:23.934
So you have to make very large, a long channel with guidance from Silicon. Therefore, you can do that. So now suppose I have much material.

573
01:01:24.204 --> 01:01:31.434
You need a community have have been thinking about some nonlinear oxide oxide that we are working with. So.

574
01:01:31.769 --> 01:01:35.309
So, like I said, they can reduce the.

575
01:01:35.309 --> 01:01:46.019
A list of the wave guide Silicon, we've kind of by my order magnitude. So, in that case, you can increase the density by 292 because if you talk, like, 2 dimensional, right?

576
01:01:46.019 --> 01:01:49.650
So, uh, my feeling is.

577
01:01:49.650 --> 01:01:55.050
Yeah, so it's probably by the way so that she's at so the 2.

578
01:01:55.585 --> 01:02:09.804
Students who did little work they actually start start to companies to start up companies and MIT. Okay. How did how did they manufactured the cheap basically design a cheap rice whatever you design ship you send that to Foundry.

579
01:02:10.110 --> 01:02:20.670
Phone, we can make that. So currently, this becomes a very normal method because the phone, we, we have the resources to the manufacturer, but you need a design.

580
01:02:20.670 --> 01:02:25.590
You see, if you take it to the senior leotard here, the real challenge is, uh.

581
01:02:25.590 --> 01:02:31.260
You need to understand the problems, and also another condoms simulator.

582
01:02:31.260 --> 01:02:37.199
Right, the connection between these 2, if you want to stand out. So then you can design that so nicely.

583
01:02:37.199 --> 01:02:47.309
Actually be fall to the aid, so you can imagine. Gotcha. How do you do that? The right content around the world was very harder, but to some of you just to use a real, but we've got, you can solve the problem.

584
01:02:47.309 --> 01:02:52.409
So that's the simple enough budget. It turn. You have to understand that things behind it. That's actually.

585
01:02:52.409 --> 01:02:59.760
The most difficult part of the most difficult part. Yeah. So now, the question is, oh, by the way, did that answer your question?

586
01:03:01.559 --> 01:03:14.574
Yes, okay. Yeah sounds good. Thank you. Yeah so, uh, yeah, so we've got a, it's I feel like she can chew so now another question Yeah Yeah, of course, I do think that a universal quantum computing with the whole time is it feasible?

587
01:03:15.985 --> 01:03:17.005
That is a very good question.

588
01:03:19.050 --> 01:03:25.199
So, for myself, I definitely say a few it's going to be feasible. So I think it's a possible.

589
01:03:25.199 --> 01:03:30.750
The reason is, is this kind of a tonic of fabrication.

590
01:03:30.750 --> 01:03:36.329
Right if atomics of atomic matures, you know, the past 10 years, 20 years.

591
01:03:36.329 --> 01:03:44.340
There's a traumatic progress I think the reason probably is because actually I was a, because many idea was here.

592
01:03:44.340 --> 01:03:49.320
Back to, like, a 50 years ago. 40 years ago people have been working on learning and optics.

593
01:03:49.320 --> 01:03:54.000
So people know these kind of behaviors, but at that time, there was no much progress.

594
01:03:54.000 --> 01:04:06.780
So, I always add positive why like, because this actually a 2nd, away about quantum computing research to solve, and there's the 1st wave of quantum computing research. So, 2nd, away. So I was positive that why.

595
01:04:06.780 --> 01:04:13.110
There's a 2nd, wave of quantum computing research talked with others. Of course, the based on my understanding.

596
01:04:13.110 --> 01:04:20.429
There's the 1 enabler, so that is the sophistication of a Nano fabrication.

597
01:04:21.449 --> 01:04:24.570
These Nano fabrication technique and also.

598
01:04:24.570 --> 01:04:29.369
Uh, this, uh, technologist community has moved that dramatically.

599
01:04:29.369 --> 01:04:32.610
I think because, uh, maybe a semiconductor community 2, so.

600
01:04:32.610 --> 01:04:37.469
Processing quantum matures all these kind of exotic material become very possible.

601
01:04:37.469 --> 01:04:41.159
And then you, you can have many, many possibility here.

602
01:04:41.159 --> 01:04:47.070
Yeah, I think that that's that's a quantum computing with a full time. I think the challenge is the.

603
01:04:47.070 --> 01:04:50.400
Why I'm challenge I think that it makes the Shannon is a.

604
01:04:50.400 --> 01:04:57.269
Can we integrate new mature chip? So that is a number 1 challenge. I think.

605
01:04:57.269 --> 01:05:00.719
Because if you grow this oxide, Silicon.

606
01:05:00.719 --> 01:05:05.940
It's very hard and you can grow that to to, by the problem is you have a lot of defects.

607
01:05:05.940 --> 01:05:10.530
But in past the several years, and people develop a different methods.

608
01:05:10.530 --> 01:05:13.679
To integrate Silicon.

609
01:05:13.679 --> 01:05:17.400
Um, essentially, 1 progress from IBM to each.

610
01:05:17.400 --> 01:05:24.300
So, they were able to grow some exotic oxide on Silicon was very high quality. So you that you.

611
01:05:24.300 --> 01:05:30.269
So, at beginning, I didn't believe that right but later they show a lot of it they have and people can repeat that. You see.

612
01:05:30.269 --> 01:05:37.440
Wow, that's so something it's becoming. True. Yeah, I think maybe because people spend a lot of time and efforts on that. So.

613
01:05:37.440 --> 01:05:42.809
Yeah, so some technology bottleneck is being overcome overcome. Yeah.

614
01:05:42.809 --> 01:05:46.650
Yeah, yeah, thanks and use that.

615
01:05:46.650 --> 01:05:50.880
Yeah, now the question, how do we handle.

616
01:05:50.880 --> 01:05:56.400
My question is, how do we handle with arrows generated in those quantum based random works.

617
01:05:56.400 --> 01:06:01.170
Okay, so, uh, I mean, these are also very good questions so.

618
01:06:01.170 --> 01:06:10.469
Uh, the answer, so 1st, let's talk parts of the ideal work, right? And you're trying to work so so far.

619
01:06:10.469 --> 01:06:13.980
Because the weight in the full time is the manipulated.

620
01:06:13.980 --> 01:06:19.260
So, if you if you want to introduce arrow.

621
01:06:19.260 --> 01:06:32.639
You have to make the wave guide, for example, to have different ways and the height also, you want to change the refractive index of the mature. So you have to introduce defects and the intrinsic.

622
01:06:32.639 --> 01:06:40.469
Fabrication based defects. Toronto are not important here, so I think they are very weak. So this actually that.

623
01:06:40.469 --> 01:06:45.840
This is a very good question because if you're working with a electronics, a tiny defect.

624
01:06:45.840 --> 01:06:51.119
Can destroy your problem States either it's a phone, right? So temperature related.

625
01:06:51.119 --> 01:06:57.570
It's a, it's a cooling Baker the defacto, right? So I'm charge can easily destroy.

626
01:06:57.570 --> 01:07:02.309
Your your pubic quantum states, but.

627
01:07:02.309 --> 01:07:05.579
The nice thing a full time. Hold out just a travel.

628
01:07:05.579 --> 01:07:10.320
You even have a huge electricity here. We just do not respond to, you.

629
01:07:10.320 --> 01:07:13.800
He do not respond to you. So, in that part of.

630
01:07:13.800 --> 01:07:17.849
We naturally for the tolerate.

631
01:07:17.849 --> 01:07:21.329
But, like I said, the problem is the.

632
01:07:21.329 --> 01:07:24.570
They don't respond to a few them, so.

633
01:07:24.570 --> 01:07:33.780
How do you get that? Right again? It goes back to that offset. Now. Let's equal that nationally. Architected. So nonlinear oxide is the problem here is that.

634
01:07:33.780 --> 01:07:39.300
You just cannot easily grow that on if you just oh, let me grow.

635
01:07:39.300 --> 01:07:46.050
Whatever quality I have, let's do that. Then you have lots of arrows that I oh, what kind of area you can have.

636
01:07:46.050 --> 01:07:51.000
If you have a poly crazily, nonlinear oxide, it's full it's going to be scattered somewhere.

637
01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:59.039
So you have a high probability to for these folks to be scattered somewhere. Right? Let's go back to this column, chief, the last 1 city and paste them right?

638
01:07:59.039 --> 01:08:06.510
The problem here is, you need to control that adoption constitution and I think that challenge is lost basically.

639
01:08:06.510 --> 01:08:09.780
You have a lot of loss issue your full home.

640
01:08:09.780 --> 01:08:12.869
When it travels in the wave guide, some of the.

641
01:08:12.869 --> 01:08:16.439
It doesn't somehow it disappears after long distance.

642
01:08:16.439 --> 01:08:25.619
So that is okay, so how do we address this problem? You just need a very, very low defects in nonlinear oxide.

643
01:08:25.619 --> 01:08:29.010
So that is something we have to address.

644
01:08:29.010 --> 01:08:32.819
Right. You do need a very high quality offsets there.

645
01:08:34.739 --> 01:08:45.510
Okay, so I think you mentioned there was a ship that 1 parameter. Could it be controlled by temperature? How precise the temperature have to be? Oh, yeah.

646
01:08:45.510 --> 01:08:52.350
So you're right, so last the cheap. So how do you change that? Refreshing index? Right? You change the temperature mature.

647
01:08:52.350 --> 01:08:56.369
For anyone here, if you change a temperature, you always change a refreshing of index.

648
01:08:56.369 --> 01:09:03.600
How precise that can be to have to be control. So, this is something I don't know. All right. So, I guess, I don't know. So.

649
01:09:03.600 --> 01:09:09.899
Um, that's a very good question and the mechanism is so you control that.

650
01:09:09.899 --> 01:09:19.800
Uh, current, then you control I squared a cheat right? Ice guaranteed. But you do have a, you have a patient with a cheater.

651
01:09:19.800 --> 01:09:26.250
Now, you have different environment, but anyways, so actually this they did the test this cheap, but by single fulltime.

652
01:09:26.250 --> 01:09:33.750
I think there's some last spot. Her was now too. So, I mean, at least they can skewed conductors.

653
01:09:33.750 --> 01:09:37.140
A simulation. Yeah, so very good.

654
01:09:37.140 --> 01:09:45.720
I have an idea about that. That's beautiful pricing. So it sounds like the technology here. It's the same technology for fiber optics.

655
01:09:45.720 --> 01:09:54.569
That's that's indeed there's some similarities. Yeah. You're right. So, for so far.

656
01:09:54.569 --> 01:09:58.710
I think the research is probably 60 years, right? 6 decades.

657
01:09:58.710 --> 01:10:04.829
The driver was all fiber optics. Yeah, that community has been working on that. So.

658
01:10:04.829 --> 01:10:09.029
Yeah, but it's not easy. The thing you have you working on. So I'm saying.

659
01:10:09.029 --> 01:10:23.064
And it's very hard to solve that problem, but sometimes you feel oh, there's another problem I can use this technology to solve that another problem. So, that is, um, for example, the Colorado work, right? The 2008 that's the 1st demonstration was down by the optical optical.

660
01:10:23.064 --> 01:10:27.564
That's like connection. Yes. You're right. So.

661
01:10:28.739 --> 01:10:31.949
A similar problem. Similar problem yeah. Okay.

662
01:10:31.949 --> 01:10:37.859
Yeah, any other questions no.

663
01:10:40.050 --> 01:10:46.859
Well, thank you very much. We learned a lot. I mean, this is very active.

664
01:10:46.859 --> 01:10:58.319
I like this, so, you know, sometime I can come back. Well, the blog is open to the public. It's not password.

665
01:10:58.319 --> 01:11:05.340
To talk you have the videos are on media site, most of them. So okay.

666
01:11:05.340 --> 01:11:13.979
Which is 1 thing I noticed, I put on the blog, as I noticed, they were accidentally not readable and I just caught that 2 days ago. But so I made them all reasonable but.

667
01:11:13.979 --> 01:11:18.930
None of you guys ever complained about that. So.

668
01:11:18.930 --> 01:11:23.310
Okay, okay. Okay.

669
01:11:23.310 --> 01:11:27.689
Well, there's no other questions.

670
01:11:28.890 --> 01:11:32.279
Oh, 1 other announcement.

671
01:11:32.279 --> 01:11:42.119
For the class I put it on the blog is I'm virtually attending a geographic information science, 6 spatial conference this week.

672
01:11:42.119 --> 01:11:54.265
Would have been in Seattle. Oh, well, so, last night I asked some industry. People. What, if what would they like us to teach in university to our students. That we're not already teaching.

673
01:11:54.895 --> 01:12:02.904
And what they said was maintainable software to teach, you guys don't learn enough about how to write software. That's maintainable.

674
01:12:04.199 --> 01:12:10.050
Produces error logs when it fails and so on I put a blurb on a blog about that. So.

675
01:12:10.050 --> 01:12:18.659
So real world stop, so that was people from Microsoft and mover and so on. Right? That's cool. Yeah. That's good. Yeah. Yeah.

676
01:12:18.659 --> 01:12:27.960
Well, there's nothing else then, by the way. So, by the way. So, like, uh, some of students here are interested in my research.

677
01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:31.710
Uh, you know, are interested in doing something in my lab.

678
01:12:31.710 --> 01:12:39.475
And email me right? So I'd be very happy because I used to have 1 student from he sassy. She was she was excellent.

679
01:12:39.715 --> 01:12:48.324
She helped us to solve the auto problem because our screens aren't mature science either, but we do need a expertise. You don't need expertise.

680
01:12:48.324 --> 01:12:57.984
I think your basic knowledge is enough so well, I think your homepage, I think your professional page on to the class blog. So.

681
01:12:58.260 --> 01:13:03.630
Okay, thank you. Thank you. Irrelevant. Yeah, so email me if you just want to have a random talk.

682
01:13:03.630 --> 01:13:08.100
Options are happy so, uh, you know, if you want to like a working that app.

683
01:13:08.100 --> 01:13:22.255
I'd be very happy either, you know, even like remote working. It's okay so we do have some like, a cheap design compared. I mean, combined it with a material, like, this kind of a project yeah. And wants to configure into quantum computing.

684
01:13:22.255 --> 01:13:27.114
That's why the V. P. for research Robert hall was holding these BI weekly meetings. So.

685
01:13:27.750 --> 01:13:30.779
Yeah, yeah.

686
01:13:30.779 --> 01:13:37.409
Oh, okay Thank you. Yeah, thank you guys. Yeah. Bye. Bye. Bye. Bye.

687
01:13:37.409 --> 01:13:41.880
So, okay.

688
01:13:42.930 --> 01:13:46.949
So, did we just bring up the, um, class? Um.

689
01:13:48.239 --> 01:13:53.130
Log for a minute just to show people here.

690
01:13:58.020 --> 01:14:02.520
And let me.

691
01:14:10.380 --> 01:14:14.789
All right, so this is the home page here that's linked into the class.

692
01:14:14.789 --> 01:14:19.289
And contact information, right there also this home page.

693
01:14:19.289 --> 01:14:23.489
For you to read and.

694
01:14:25.199 --> 01:14:34.260
Right this is the point I mentioned here so about what industry people were telling me that they would like to see in our students. So.

695
01:14:35.279 --> 01:14:50.274
From Oracle, Microsoft, everyone everyone wants to see machine learning, but I didn't even prompt this. There's an unforced suggestion a student should learn about quantum computing. I didn't even say what my area was and the media site thing and this.

696
01:14:50.454 --> 01:15:01.824
Okay. We'll continue on Monday with Google. Stop and invited speakers and so on. So everyone have a good weekend and I'll stay around a few minutes in case.

697
01:15:01.824 --> 01:15:08.664
Anyone has any questions would like to ask me in chat and so on other than that see you virtually on Monday.

698
01:15:08.909 --> 01:15:15.000
Silence.

699
01:15:20.250 --> 01:15:37.199
Silence.

700
01:15:59.520 --> 01:16:24.000
Silence.

701
01:16:30.930 --> 01:17:01.829
Silence.

702
01:17:22.590 --> 01:17:39.239
Silence.

703
01:17:43.079 --> 01:17:53.250
Silence.

704
01:17:55.979 --> 01:18:03.989
Silence.

705
01:18:10.680 --> 01:18:17.369
Silence.

706
01:18:33.539 --> 01:18:34.409
Silence.