WEBVTT 1 00:00:01.139 --> 00:00:04.858 Silence. 2 00:00:06.660 --> 00:00:09.689 Silence. 3 00:00:11.009 --> 00:00:16.739 Silence. 4 00:00:19.949 --> 00:00:34.740 Okay, I'm good afternoon. Everyone so this is class 13 of quantum computing and again is I cannot get good feedback about how the audio is doing. So. 5 00:00:34.740 --> 00:00:38.579 You know, if you. 6 00:00:38.579 --> 00:00:45.149 Can't hear me post something. Okay. Okay. 7 00:00:45.149 --> 00:00:51.420 Good, well, thank you by the end of the semester will actually have the technical bugs workout. 8 00:00:51.420 --> 00:00:56.820 Maybe okay, so what be happening today? 9 00:01:03.119 --> 00:01:08.730 Care me. 10 00:01:08.730 --> 00:01:13.530 Bring. 11 00:01:16.469 --> 00:01:19.980 Silence. 12 00:01:23.250 --> 00:01:27.930 Up to the. 13 00:01:27.930 --> 00:01:35.340 Okay, so 2nd, assuming I'm checking on it. 14 00:01:37.469 --> 00:01:41.579 Wow, okay. So. 15 00:01:43.200 --> 00:01:47.969 Okay, no. 16 00:01:51.150 --> 00:01:55.560 Right. 17 00:02:00.269 --> 00:02:03.420 Let's see. Okay. 18 00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:09.389 I may have reduced it. Do we need different devices here? 19 00:02:10.620 --> 00:02:17.129 I've got an I've had off to my left to try to give me a view of what you might be perhaps be seeing. Um. 20 00:02:17.129 --> 00:02:30.750 Well, I'm using my laptop for the main thing. Okay. Student talks today I'll show the last 1 and then 2nd, I've got some miscellaneous stuff browsing around the web that I've seen. 21 00:02:30.750 --> 00:02:34.229 Why not tell them to you. 22 00:02:34.229 --> 00:02:39.539 New new books, you might find interesting this year. 23 00:02:40.919 --> 00:02:45.330 Website appears to be weird. 24 00:02:45.330 --> 00:02:50.250 For those of you who, like lay tech, this is crazy. 25 00:02:50.250 --> 00:02:53.639 But this is a tech package. 26 00:02:53.639 --> 00:02:58.500 That actually draws circuits. 27 00:02:58.500 --> 00:03:13.379 So stuff like that, and so they look very nice, but you programming language. So what it does is if you it aligns things nicely. So you can have fun with that. If you're a late tech person. 28 00:03:13.379 --> 00:03:17.580 The, I had another website. 29 00:03:17.580 --> 00:03:20.639 United Kingdom that has. 30 00:03:23.099 --> 00:03:26.729 Some nice stuff. Oh, so something there. 31 00:03:26.729 --> 00:03:35.789 The reason I'm showing you different things is that when you see how different people word something, and it might help you understand it. 32 00:03:35.789 --> 00:03:41.729 To another 1. 33 00:03:41.729 --> 00:03:46.349 Website talking about various things here. 34 00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:51.990 Samples, so you can have fun with this project. 35 00:03:51.990 --> 00:04:01.169 1st, I found a tutorial was given add a few conferences, so it's publicly publically available. 36 00:04:01.169 --> 00:04:07.409 And I may talk a little about the D wave stuff on Monday perhaps. 37 00:04:07.409 --> 00:04:15.030 So so I'll show you other examples of quantum computers besides just IBM any case. So, this is. 38 00:04:15.030 --> 00:04:20.759 At the various parallel computing conferences and slides, you can have fun going through at that. 39 00:04:22.350 --> 00:04:31.769 Um, the next thing, Ricardo recommended this book here on Amazon is a nice description of some of the philosophies here. 40 00:04:31.769 --> 00:04:35.369 So so thank you, Ricardo. 41 00:04:35.369 --> 00:04:40.319 And keep your suggestions coming in if you wish all post them with your name. 42 00:04:40.613 --> 00:04:54.564 Next thing, some stuff on shore Peter shareez algorithm. I decided actually to work it into the next homework. So we haven't had a new homework for a few weeks. And so it is. 43 00:04:55.499 --> 00:04:59.309 Let's see tags here. homeworks. 44 00:04:59.309 --> 00:05:13.019 So, for homework, 4 is you get to present Peter shore's algorithm to me and just to remind you, it's an algorithm to factor into jurors faster. 45 00:05:13.343 --> 00:05:27.834 Then the conventional method, so teams of up to 3 or 4 or 500 words, a couple of pages, plus a B equation or video or figure to make it look professional and that's the next homework. Do in a week, do it in teams if you like. 46 00:05:29.009 --> 00:05:33.569 And. 47 00:05:33.569 --> 00:05:40.738 And to remind you gave you some information, where did we go here? 48 00:05:40.738 --> 00:05:50.728 13, I presented some video several classes ago. I have them again right here so you can watch the videos and. 49 00:05:51.923 --> 00:06:04.434 And also, there's lots of other stuff is going to tolerable article, basically, the quantum computing for computer scientists as a chapter on this, I think, and so on so lots of material to assimilate. 50 00:06:04.434 --> 00:06:07.134 And so you can tell me your version of that. 51 00:06:07.439 --> 00:06:19.048 I've also got some IBM videos I'll show after the student talk social pieces of them, not necessarily the whole video, but some pieces and then. 52 00:06:19.048 --> 00:06:23.369 A neutral thing on some other quantum computers and. 53 00:06:23.369 --> 00:06:27.088 Knew some 2020. okay. 54 00:06:28.678 --> 00:06:39.209 But we have talks today and I also sent you on the talks so if we can move over. 55 00:06:39.209 --> 00:06:43.829 To the meeting site and. 56 00:06:45.028 --> 00:06:49.949 And, uh, I can let me. 57 00:06:51.269 --> 00:06:57.809 If you would like to give your presentation and I'll mute myself. 58 00:06:57.809 --> 00:07:01.829 Hi, can you hear me. 59 00:07:04.649 --> 00:07:09.959 Can you hear me. 60 00:07:14.668 --> 00:07:19.019 All right. 61 00:07:27.329 --> 00:07:36.718 So, hi, my name is Amanda Marino and my presentation today is about quantum racers and more specifically the quantum eraser experiment. 62 00:07:40.079 --> 00:07:49.889 So this is the agenda for today's presentation, although it looks small. The topics included are very heavy and segue into different properties of quantum programming. 63 00:07:49.889 --> 00:08:04.524 Such as entanglement and complementarity, I will begin by reintroducing reintroducing the classic bubble slit experiment, which will help us to better understand the quantum eraser experiment as well as the delayed eraser experiment. 64 00:08:08.848 --> 00:08:19.228 So, I'm sure that everyone here is somewhat familiar with the double slit experiment, but I will still explain its fundamental completions, which are also important in the quantum eraser experiments. 65 00:08:19.228 --> 00:08:28.108 The double slit experiment was 1st, performed by Thomas young in 18 1 hence why it is also referred to as Young's experiment. 66 00:08:28.108 --> 00:08:36.688 The experiment validated the waive theory theory that predicted that light waves could also interfere with each other, like, sound waves. 67 00:08:36.688 --> 00:08:46.109 At the time it was thought that light consisted of either waves or particles, but the experiment prove the concept of wave particle duality. 68 00:08:47.399 --> 00:08:51.599 Also shown here is a simple diagram of how the experiment is conducted. 69 00:08:51.599 --> 00:08:55.769 As you can see a simple beam is sent between the 2 slides. 70 00:08:55.769 --> 00:09:04.259 Each particle hits the screen and leaves a dot and there is an eventual build up of light and dark bands since the way function interferes with itself. 71 00:09:04.259 --> 00:09:10.918 Measuring each slit, the particle goes through, causes the interference pattern to disappear or collapse. 72 00:09:10.918 --> 00:09:18.629 This is because the electron became entangled with the measurement apparatus, and the way function branched into separate worlds. 73 00:09:18.629 --> 00:09:21.989 In each of which the particle only passes through 1 slit. 74 00:09:24.568 --> 00:09:30.538 The quantum eraser experiment is a variation of youngest slit experiment. 75 00:09:30.538 --> 00:09:37.288 The experiment improves the idea that if action is taken to determine, which has passed through. 76 00:09:37.288 --> 00:09:46.528 The photon can not interfere with itself so when photons are marked, the interference properties of youngest youngest experiment are no longer observed. 77 00:09:46.528 --> 00:09:50.399 If the time that has been marked, can later be marked. 78 00:09:50.399 --> 00:09:56.969 This photon can then interfere with itself and the interference properties of Young's experiment are once again. 79 00:09:56.969 --> 00:10:02.038 However, a full time that has just been marked will not just demonstrate this property. 80 00:10:03.629 --> 00:10:12.839 This experiment improve the idea of complimentarity and entanglement when a photon is superimposed between 2 States. It proves classic ideas of physics. 81 00:10:12.839 --> 00:10:17.158 The photon cannot be measured accurately, or it will disturb. It's true. Form. 82 00:10:17.158 --> 00:10:23.489 The experiment measures which slip the particle goes through, but the information is stored in a single cube. It. 83 00:10:23.489 --> 00:10:30.328 If the traveling particle goes through the left, slit the recording electron is this and is is in a spin upstate. 84 00:10:30.328 --> 00:10:35.489 And if the travel electron goes through the right the recording electron is spin down. 85 00:10:35.489 --> 00:10:39.899 The particles become entangled with their corresponding measurement cubic. 86 00:10:39.899 --> 00:10:46.318 And this goes interference, however, by also measuring the spin across the horizontal axis. 87 00:10:46.318 --> 00:10:51.928 We are again in a branch of the way function where the travel electron passes through both sides. 88 00:10:51.928 --> 00:10:56.938 This effectively erases the information about which slip the electron went through. 89 00:10:56.938 --> 00:11:02.519 Hence the name content racer experiment. 90 00:11:02.519 --> 00:11:07.798 The experiment involves in apparatus with 2 main sections. 91 00:11:07.798 --> 00:11:14.278 2 entangled, photons are created and each is directed to its own section of the apparatus. 92 00:11:14.278 --> 00:11:22.349 Because of complementarity anything gone to observe the path of 1 of the protons will influence the other foot. 93 00:11:23.458 --> 00:11:32.639 Manipulating the photons allows for the researches to destroy, or restore the interference pattern and the double slit without changing any part of apparatus. 94 00:11:32.639 --> 00:11:41.009 Under conditions, or the double slit part of the experiment has been set up to prevent the appearance of interference. 95 00:11:41.009 --> 00:11:44.969 The economy racer can be used to effectively erase that information. 96 00:11:44.969 --> 00:11:50.308 The delay choice, quantity racer experiment, which I will discuss in a 2nd. 97 00:11:50.308 --> 00:11:58.678 Allows the observer to decide whether to measure, or the destroyed that information after the entangled partner has interfered with itself or not. 98 00:12:00.269 --> 00:12:13.589 The delayed choice quantity eraser experiment is an elaboration of the original quantum eraser experiment to include include concepts from John wheelers. The choice experiment. 99 00:12:14.639 --> 00:12:25.438 Experiment is actually several experiments and were attempts to prove whether light new, which it would travel through in the double slit experiment. And if an adjusted, it's behavior based on the knowledge. 100 00:12:25.438 --> 00:12:32.458 Wheelers intent was to investigate conditions in which the proton transitioned between states and the. 101 00:12:33.509 --> 00:12:40.528 The delay choice quantum eraser experiment was 1st, performed by you who Kim are you. 102 00:12:40.528 --> 00:12:51.629 Why is she and Marlin of the goal of the delay choice experiment was to investigate the consequences of the double slit experiment as well as. 103 00:12:51.629 --> 00:12:55.259 Think experiment investigate to paradox. 104 00:12:55.259 --> 00:12:59.729 If the photon took a single path that it was said to be a particle. 105 00:12:59.729 --> 00:13:04.259 If it came by to undistinguished paths, then it must be a wave. 106 00:13:04.259 --> 00:13:08.099 If it changed mid flight, then it switched from its original form. 107 00:13:08.099 --> 00:13:12.208 However, this is a non standard view quantum mechanics. 108 00:13:12.208 --> 00:13:20.188 Articles are simply viewed as part of the way function of the universe and they don't really make choices about where they're to be wave particle a. 109 00:13:20.188 --> 00:13:30.208 The delayed choice experiment tends to suggest that information how to go backwards in time to help electron, makes it make its decision. 110 00:13:30.208 --> 00:13:34.438 So it suggests it suggests time travel. 111 00:13:35.788 --> 00:13:40.889 If a photo in flight is interpreted as being in a superposition of states. 112 00:13:40.889 --> 00:13:47.698 But during its time flight is neither, then there is no time paradox and this is the standard view of quantum programming. 113 00:13:49.649 --> 00:13:53.578 And that is it for a presentation Thank you so much. 114 00:13:55.139 --> 00:13:59.188 Okay, thank you. Any questions for Amanda. 115 00:14:00.568 --> 00:14:03.568 I am. 116 00:14:03.568 --> 00:14:08.999 Anything on a new happening with this. So are. 117 00:14:08.999 --> 00:14:13.499 Business is still arguing about this, you know. 118 00:14:13.499 --> 00:14:18.359 I honestly doing my research to not find anything that was like. 119 00:14:18.359 --> 00:14:23.489 Super new or less innovative. It's a lot of what back and forth between. 120 00:14:23.489 --> 00:14:26.609 Those topics. Oh, okay. 121 00:14:26.609 --> 00:14:32.818 Thank you. Thank you. So. 122 00:14:34.798 --> 00:14:41.489 On my presentation getting shared in just a moment. 123 00:14:41.489 --> 00:15:00.658 Silence. 124 00:15:06.208 --> 00:15:09.269 Okay, coming through fine. 125 00:15:10.379 --> 00:15:19.558 Yes, now the question is how to make it full screen. Oh, good for your transformations. 126 00:15:19.558 --> 00:15:30.298 Yes, so I did my presentation on 48 transforms and their applications both, um, in. 127 00:15:30.298 --> 00:15:35.068 The history of classical interpretations of. 128 00:15:35.068 --> 00:15:44.969 The foundation that classical computers built for quantum computers, and then a look into the future for what quantum computers can use for and a transforms for. 129 00:15:49.349 --> 00:15:55.739 So, we're going to go over the history and the purpose originally on the 4, 8 transform how it came to be. 130 00:15:55.739 --> 00:16:01.288 We'll talk about the way that computers find for transforms. 131 00:16:01.288 --> 00:16:04.948 I will China spotlight on the fast for a transformed. 132 00:16:04.948 --> 00:16:08.938 And then we'll talk some more about the quantum computing, and the way that. 133 00:16:08.938 --> 00:16:13.109 A certain algorithms used before transform. 134 00:16:14.219 --> 00:16:18.418 So 1st off, we have the history and purpose before a transport. 135 00:16:20.698 --> 00:16:27.839 So before we can talk about the 48 transform, we need to talk about the mathematical principles that created its foundation. 136 00:16:27.839 --> 00:16:37.229 Namely, the integral transform in integral transform is an analytical process by which a function is map from its original function space. 137 00:16:37.229 --> 00:16:41.158 So, in other function space, via some form of integration. 138 00:16:41.158 --> 00:16:48.629 This integration most commonly involves integrating the product of the original function and a new function. 139 00:16:48.629 --> 00:16:51.808 With respect to a variable and the original function. 140 00:16:51.808 --> 00:16:55.078 The general purpose of an integral transform. 141 00:16:55.078 --> 00:16:59.278 Is to observe properties of the original function more precisely. 142 00:17:01.048 --> 00:17:05.249 Turning the clock back to the early 18 hundreds, Joseph. 143 00:17:05.249 --> 00:17:09.689 Whose portrait you can see here a student of Lawson ranch. 144 00:17:09.689 --> 00:17:15.419 Developed an integral transform that would decompose a function into the frequencies that comprise it. 145 00:17:15.419 --> 00:17:20.638 And the following years, its general definition would be refined a little bit. 146 00:17:20.638 --> 00:17:23.818 And would find use in various different fields of work. 147 00:17:24.929 --> 00:17:32.009 The 48 transform can be represented in various notations. 148 00:17:32.009 --> 00:17:36.598 Most commonly a function that is represented as a lower case letter. 149 00:17:36.598 --> 00:17:39.719 It's for a transform represented as the capital letter. 150 00:17:39.719 --> 00:17:46.048 See, lower case s. T. it's for a transform to be capital f Omega. 151 00:17:46.048 --> 00:17:52.679 Now, Omega, you may also see it as f of Mega in electrical engineering. 152 00:17:52.679 --> 00:17:55.949 Us this would be half of J Omega. 153 00:17:57.749 --> 00:18:06.838 The transform finds itself in various fields of study, including classical and quantum physics systems, engineering probability theory and signal processing. 154 00:18:06.838 --> 00:18:15.269 And it's typical practical setting a 48 transform is used to transform a function from the time domain to the frequency domain. 155 00:18:15.269 --> 00:18:24.479 That we don't have to worry about the constraints of time, partial differential equations can be used to can be solved with the aid of 48 transforms. 156 00:18:24.479 --> 00:18:30.868 Namely the heat equation, which for himself studied, there's all there's other ones like the wave equation. 157 00:18:30.868 --> 00:18:37.588 A partial differential equations can also be used to describe electrostatic potential and some others. 158 00:18:37.588 --> 00:18:42.598 Now, the course here at RPI signals and systems. 159 00:18:42.598 --> 00:18:47.128 Will walk through the various properties of the transform. Some of them see here. 160 00:18:47.128 --> 00:18:52.648 The particular ones that it focuses on are linearity convolution and duality. 161 00:18:52.648 --> 00:19:00.179 And these allow for certain types of analysis to be performed on functions more easily, or just possible 1st, place. 162 00:19:01.798 --> 00:19:06.449 So, now let's talk about how we can feed this information into the computer. 163 00:19:08.128 --> 00:19:16.739 So, we have established that a 48 transform can be utilized in various fields to spec, details about frequency and to solve certain equations. 164 00:19:16.739 --> 00:19:20.878 That's great, but how can we implement this into a computer? 165 00:19:20.878 --> 00:19:28.828 Well, here's a bit of a reality check. Computers can't actually directly compute and plot any function perfectly. 166 00:19:28.828 --> 00:19:35.788 Instead, they'll compute a certain set of values to plot from the function via some form of sample. 167 00:19:35.788 --> 00:19:40.439 All functions you view on a digital plot are actually discreet. 168 00:19:40.439 --> 00:19:43.888 This typically isn't an issue for most functions. 169 00:19:43.888 --> 00:19:50.969 But for 48 transforms, we'll need a new approach to accurately computing the transform via algorithm. 170 00:19:54.719 --> 00:19:58.048 The discreet form of an integral is a summation. 171 00:19:58.048 --> 00:20:02.939 And lie at the heart of digitally computing, a, for a transport. 172 00:20:02.939 --> 00:20:13.618 The discreet time, 48 transforms simplifies the algorithm by transforming it into a, for a series a periodic function composed of sinusoidal with related frequencies. 173 00:20:13.618 --> 00:20:18.808 The discreet 4, 8 transform more generally works with finite amounts of data. 174 00:20:18.808 --> 00:20:24.868 which is where computers once the issue of infinity is solved with a function . 175 00:20:24.868 --> 00:20:28.739 As we look only at a section at the functioning question. 176 00:20:28.739 --> 00:20:35.159 We could input this data to the computer for a sub routine to spit out. Precisely what we want. 177 00:20:35.159 --> 00:20:38.848 Such as the case with our main algorithmic attraction. 178 00:20:38.848 --> 00:20:46.469 A fast 48 also known as the f. T. 179 00:20:49.229 --> 00:20:54.118 What is the fast for a transformed and what makes it so fast? 180 00:20:54.118 --> 00:20:59.699 To answer that question, we should understand the concept of time complexity. 181 00:20:59.699 --> 00:21:03.479 Represented typically with what is known as big O notation. 182 00:21:03.479 --> 00:21:08.009 Typical algorithms for computing, the discrete 48 transform. 183 00:21:08.009 --> 00:21:11.429 Are usually around oh, of and square. 184 00:21:11.429 --> 00:21:16.558 Known as Paula nomial time with, and being the data size. 185 00:21:16.558 --> 00:21:19.858 So, let's say that your data size is 10. 186 00:21:21.058 --> 00:21:25.138 That you'll have to square that in order to get the process. 187 00:21:25.138 --> 00:21:28.558 To release, in other words, a 10 data size. 188 00:21:28.558 --> 00:21:34.138 Well, it'll take a 100 units in order to compute the 48 transform. 189 00:21:34.138 --> 00:21:38.489 25, now you're looking at 625. 190 00:21:38.489 --> 00:21:44.128 Units to come out the fast for a transport. 191 00:21:44.128 --> 00:21:47.519 Manages to drop this to all of and log in. 192 00:21:47.519 --> 00:21:50.578 Which is sometimes referred to as linear, rhythmic time. 193 00:21:50.578 --> 00:21:56.098 Which allows for far faster computation. So you end up with. 194 00:21:56.098 --> 00:22:01.709 Instead of say, 625 from a data size of 25. 195 00:22:01.709 --> 00:22:06.898 You would get something along the lines of that's that's fine. 196 00:22:08.878 --> 00:22:14.429 Around 80 give or take a base of a longer than here or there. 197 00:22:15.838 --> 00:22:22.558 Reducing big on notation is incredibly useful for these types of functions. I use 10 and 25 as examples. 198 00:22:22.558 --> 00:22:27.868 But that is incredibly small compared to the types of data size is. 199 00:22:27.868 --> 00:22:35.489 That would be used in the industry for these types of functions. You'd be looking at the thousands. Sometimes the millions. Perhaps even bigger as we look into the future. 200 00:22:35.489 --> 00:22:42.778 A visualization of the fast for a transform process is shown here. 201 00:22:42.778 --> 00:22:46.409 Most commonly used as an algorithm. 202 00:22:46.409 --> 00:22:50.368 Called the, I may mispronounce this the Cooley to the algorithm. 203 00:22:50.368 --> 00:22:58.528 It is a divide and conquer algorithm, which means it will break down the problem recursively into simpler and simpler problems. 204 00:22:58.528 --> 00:23:06.959 Until it reaches some sort of base case where it can't believe it can't be simplified further. And simultaneously, it can be solved relatively easily. 205 00:23:06.959 --> 00:23:11.009 Then it'll send its results back upward and combine them. 206 00:23:11.009 --> 00:23:14.939 Lots of sorting algorithms use this as well. 207 00:23:14.939 --> 00:23:22.558 There's plenty of work that's being done to try and optimize this algorithm. Go further to make use of other mathematical principals to this day. 208 00:23:22.558 --> 00:23:29.189 There is plenty of other examples of the fast 48 transform plenty of other algorithms that compute it. 209 00:23:29.189 --> 00:23:33.449 In linear and make time. This is 1 prime example of it. 210 00:23:33.449 --> 00:23:37.288 Uh, and it is the most common 1. 211 00:23:38.459 --> 00:23:42.959 So, now we've established that, let's talk about what this means for quantum computing. 212 00:23:45.479 --> 00:23:50.548 1, more application of the 48 transform, perhaps the most electrifying for the future. 213 00:23:50.548 --> 00:23:57.239 Is the quantum for a transform? This is expressed as a linear transformation of Cubans. 214 00:23:57.239 --> 00:24:01.108 This finds its way into many quantum algorithms. 215 00:24:01.108 --> 00:24:06.088 Decomposing into a product of Unitarian agencies, which should bring some bells. 216 00:24:06.088 --> 00:24:10.858 Reducing complexities from exponential time to Paula nomial time. 217 00:24:10.858 --> 00:24:13.858 Which is a gap between time complexities that. 218 00:24:13.858 --> 00:24:17.578 Is typically impossible to bridge in classical systems. 219 00:24:20.699 --> 00:24:25.288 The most well known application of the quantum 4, 8 transform today and computing. 220 00:24:25.288 --> 00:24:36.028 Is none other than Google shores algorithm this polynomial time algorithm can compute of managers, which has implications and photography and other fields. 221 00:24:36.028 --> 00:24:39.058 It can also be used to compute discrete logger. 222 00:24:39.058 --> 00:24:47.459 The algorithm uses an inverse, want them 48 transform on the input, which can be shown here at the f. T. to the negative 1. 223 00:24:47.459 --> 00:24:51.028 Which denotes the inverse quantum 40 transform. 224 00:24:51.028 --> 00:24:58.019 So transform the quantum states to final States, and then ordered as a summation using a superposition principle. 225 00:24:58.019 --> 00:25:03.538 Without 48 transforms in the classical interpretation of the integral transformed. 226 00:25:03.538 --> 00:25:09.659 None of this would be possible for a transforms continue finding new applications to this day. 227 00:25:09.659 --> 00:25:15.058 Which I think is a truly poetic statement to make about a process that by definition. 228 00:25:15.058 --> 00:25:18.989 Trendsetters time that's all. I have. 229 00:25:20.578 --> 00:25:24.088 Oh, thank you. Joseph. Anyone who had any questions. 230 00:25:25.798 --> 00:25:30.479 I got 1, you know, how big a transform they can do now on quantum computers. 231 00:25:30.479 --> 00:25:33.749 On quantum computers in particular. 232 00:25:33.749 --> 00:25:38.308 I wouldn't know exactly for sure. 233 00:25:38.308 --> 00:25:42.838 Um, now transforms of course, they, they can, they can get really, really big. 234 00:25:42.838 --> 00:25:49.378 No, there is a, there's a really funny example of an application of 48 transform not necessarily a quantum 1. 235 00:25:49.378 --> 00:25:56.308 But there is a term called the galactic algorithm, which is a type of algorithm. 236 00:25:56.308 --> 00:26:00.538 Who, with which, which technically, um. 237 00:26:00.538 --> 00:26:05.068 Reduces complexity, but doesn't reach its full potential. 238 00:26:05.068 --> 00:26:08.909 We have reducing complexity until the data size is unrealistically big. 239 00:26:08.909 --> 00:26:12.898 And a great example of this is a. 240 00:26:12.898 --> 00:26:17.969 There is an algorithm that reduces the complexity of multiplying 2. integers. 241 00:26:17.969 --> 00:26:21.778 But it doesn't reach its full time complexity, potential. 242 00:26:23.489 --> 00:26:31.528 Until the numbers are as big as 2 to the power of 1729. if I remember correctly. 243 00:26:31.528 --> 00:26:35.548 Which is more than the amount of atoms in the universe. 244 00:26:35.548 --> 00:26:38.878 And it actually uses. 245 00:26:38.878 --> 00:26:45.449 I believe a 1728 dimensional 48 transform to compute this process. 246 00:26:45.449 --> 00:26:51.689 So, that may be more of just the theoretical side of things, but. 247 00:26:51.689 --> 00:26:56.219 If that shows an example of the types of 40 H, rainstorms. 248 00:26:56.219 --> 00:27:04.648 Uh, that can be computed, even on classical systems and quantum systems. The 48 transforms that can be computed in quantum systems on 2 bits. 249 00:27:04.648 --> 00:27:08.909 They are they're huge. Okay. Well, thank you. 250 00:27:08.909 --> 00:27:12.358 Anyone else have any other questions. 251 00:27:12.358 --> 00:27:18.328 Okay, so number 3. 252 00:27:18.328 --> 00:27:21.479 Isaac yeah, stop sharing. 253 00:27:21.479 --> 00:27:30.179 Hi, I'm not sure how good these headphones are. Yeah, you're in touch, but you come through quite clearly Isaac. 254 00:27:30.179 --> 00:27:35.128 Okay, great. I'm not seeing your screen though. Okay 1 3rd. 255 00:27:47.098 --> 00:27:52.108 Good. 256 00:27:52.108 --> 00:27:58.199 Okay, so then this is functional quantum programming. You now. 257 00:27:59.338 --> 00:28:08.128 Be talking about are the impact of the language, the classic control versus the quantum control. 258 00:28:08.128 --> 00:28:11.459 And in addition to that, the quantum. 259 00:28:11.459 --> 00:28:14.489 As well, as the current status of now. 260 00:28:15.538 --> 00:28:19.138 You must stand for a quantum metal language. 261 00:28:19.138 --> 00:28:28.078 It was 1st proposed and the depth paper, quantum data and control by source and Apple curves and Jonathan. 262 00:28:29.249 --> 00:28:36.898 This is to be confused with currently more popular now, which is the machine learning. 263 00:28:36.898 --> 00:28:40.169 When I was doing research on this. 264 00:28:40.169 --> 00:28:46.588 Of the total results that they'll go results is all about machine learning. So if anyone's going to do any further. 265 00:28:46.588 --> 00:28:50.699 Um, the research on this subject, make sure you're looking at the right. 266 00:28:53.249 --> 00:28:56.548 So can all have go base and. 267 00:28:56.548 --> 00:29:01.199 The, they were trying to solve was the problem of walking control. 268 00:29:01.199 --> 00:29:07.979 Here you can see a code necessary to make a simple, not a. 269 00:29:07.979 --> 00:29:13.739 And I have to, I'm not familiar with passcode. It's not 1 of the languages. I know. So, I had to look up. 270 00:29:13.739 --> 00:29:18.328 Um, some example code in order to kind of understand this. 271 00:29:18.328 --> 00:29:29.038 Just now, so if you look here this simple Adder, it kind of you declared the function and you have to specified that both the. 272 00:29:29.038 --> 00:29:32.308 Or any of the inputs as well as the output data set. 273 00:29:32.308 --> 00:29:35.939 And then the 2nd line here is the actual. 274 00:29:35.939 --> 00:29:40.798 Definition of the function have the awkward is work and you can see the same thing. 275 00:29:40.798 --> 00:29:46.288 And you're not here you take us to the as input and output to keep it. 276 00:29:46.288 --> 00:29:49.409 And then here's the logic behind how it actually worked. 277 00:29:49.409 --> 00:29:53.159 And then the task go example, this is. 278 00:29:53.159 --> 00:29:59.699 The main function calling the Adder. I didn't put that in here, but it's the same kind of idea. 279 00:29:59.699 --> 00:30:07.348 Our gate is on here, so here's the generic expression of it. 280 00:30:07.348 --> 00:30:12.388 Form, and then the fuel now, representation of it is here. 281 00:30:12.388 --> 00:30:17.429 If you look in brackets here at this. 282 00:30:17.429 --> 00:30:20.878 How they represent a physician. 283 00:30:22.199 --> 00:30:28.409 So the more complex algorithms and be implemented, and this is kind of point of. 284 00:30:28.409 --> 00:30:34.499 So is this algorithm you can see it's got the. 285 00:30:34.499 --> 00:30:39.058 The thing it's got 2 inputs and 1 output of the. 286 00:30:45.233 --> 00:30:58.104 So, and often examples, there's this little statement with a degree symbol above it, and that's known as the quantum s. and I'll talk about that in just a 2nd, but I wanted to draw attention to it in the code here. 287 00:31:01.439 --> 00:31:06.269 So, I mentioned that to him, I was met to solve the problem of quantum control. 288 00:31:06.269 --> 00:31:13.199 At the time the paper was written all the other program solutions, available, focused on the low level programming. 289 00:31:13.199 --> 00:31:16.979 Of quantum, Cape and circuit, so as I showed them the. 290 00:31:16.979 --> 00:31:21.118 Now is capable of doing that with this not in this. 291 00:31:21.118 --> 00:31:24.898 But its main purpose was to. 292 00:31:26.159 --> 00:31:29.909 Allow programmers to use some higher level of functions. 293 00:31:31.528 --> 00:31:36.929 So, this is similar to the idea of constructing logic and with. 294 00:31:36.929 --> 00:31:41.308 With Gates and versus. 295 00:31:41.308 --> 00:31:44.999 Programming in Python or that lab. 296 00:31:44.999 --> 00:31:51.118 I mean, problem with the previous languages was that quantum data was being manipulated by classical controls. 297 00:31:51.118 --> 00:31:55.019 So, if you hadn't if then statement. 298 00:31:55.019 --> 00:32:01.709 And basically any other programming languages in order to determine what the branch the follow, either the. 299 00:32:01.709 --> 00:32:05.278 Then or the else branch, the value, the variable has to be measured. 300 00:32:05.278 --> 00:32:11.669 The quantum programming, and not sentences that in order to decide the branch. 301 00:32:11.669 --> 00:32:15.898 That that has to be observed, which would destroy the superposition. 302 00:32:16.949 --> 00:32:21.898 So, Kim, I'll seek to make the state of the key that. 303 00:32:21.898 --> 00:32:29.489 And, uh, excuse me, I'll send Kirk and Greg call the new function, the quantum mirror, which I described. Yeah. 304 00:32:30.749 --> 00:32:34.679 The ones that require the quantity is that the branches must be. 305 00:32:34.679 --> 00:32:40.348 Additionally, if you can't that doesn't require with talking branches, but. 306 00:32:40.348 --> 00:32:45.838 Again, I get results and they can hear as when the keep it is. 307 00:32:49.048 --> 00:32:55.499 So, other than a small handful of papers by the original authors, not much has been done recently in their development. 308 00:32:55.499 --> 00:33:01.588 Work on, you may see some part the, the president of gratitude due the. 309 00:33:01.588 --> 00:33:05.548 Completely unrelated matter. So what. 310 00:33:05.548 --> 00:33:10.048 That was method serves as the main to our website, hosted on a. 311 00:33:10.048 --> 00:33:15.088 Not in the university domain, but when the domain move, the web pages didn't move with it. 312 00:33:15.088 --> 00:33:18.628 So, I have to use back machine and in order to find it. 313 00:33:18.628 --> 00:33:22.469 Um, because of all this, that leads me to believe that. 314 00:33:22.469 --> 00:33:29.338 Ahmed, and for the research has stopped, especially since it's remaining created, it seems to have moved on to other projects. 315 00:33:31.469 --> 00:33:36.598 So this has been functional quantum programming. You now on Isaac, so. 316 00:33:36.598 --> 00:33:43.199 Yeah, well Thank you very much. Isaac. Does anyone have any questions. 317 00:33:46.078 --> 00:33:53.128 I've got 1 and so what was the strongest point? 318 00:33:53.128 --> 00:33:57.598 Like, what problem was he trying to solve by inventing this. 319 00:33:57.598 --> 00:34:01.318 Picking has calls just a nice environment to do stuff in. 320 00:34:01.318 --> 00:34:05.068 Right so the main thing that they wanted to do. 321 00:34:05.068 --> 00:34:15.778 It gets so that, like, maybe people who weren't, for instance, a lot of people who programs and higher level functions these days, may not know. 322 00:34:15.778 --> 00:34:21.059 Computer architecture and the lower level stuff so they kind of wanted to. 323 00:34:21.059 --> 00:34:24.568 Bring that the quantum so that people would be able to. 324 00:34:24.568 --> 00:34:28.768 Program and a higher language about maybe knowing all of the. 325 00:34:28.768 --> 00:34:33.628 The behind how everything works. 326 00:34:33.628 --> 00:34:38.398 Do you think that's even possible or the physics just 2 different if you can't paper over it? 327 00:34:38.398 --> 00:34:46.559 Well, I think when a paper a lot of it is, I think you would have to know that more technical. 328 00:34:46.559 --> 00:34:50.518 You'd have to do a little bit more research into how things actually work. 329 00:34:50.518 --> 00:34:55.498 More, so, than for instance, learning Python or or a C plus clock or something like that. 330 00:34:55.498 --> 00:35:02.489 But I think it would still be less than trying to do everything with with 8, for instance. 331 00:35:02.489 --> 00:35:07.588 Okay, thanks. Well, Connor had a question in the chat box. 332 00:35:07.588 --> 00:35:13.409 I mean, obviously I'm out and that is that it still has more modern programming. 333 00:35:13.409 --> 00:35:16.739 So, the problem. 334 00:35:16.739 --> 00:35:21.239 I feel now, like I said, is that it's not developed. 335 00:35:21.239 --> 00:35:34.378 The last thing the last thing that was mentioned about it was, I think it was a paper in 2000, ends on the idea of building a compiler. So they hadn't even gotten that far to actually. 336 00:35:34.378 --> 00:35:40.079 Be able to use it, but it would have been it would have been interesting to see where. 337 00:35:40.079 --> 00:35:44.068 That went yeah, thanks. 338 00:35:44.068 --> 00:35:48.358 Any other comments questions opinions. 339 00:35:48.358 --> 00:35:53.219 Okay, so I'll present the last video. 340 00:35:53.219 --> 00:35:56.938 And if I can get things working, so. 341 00:35:57.989 --> 00:36:02.278 Silence. 342 00:36:02.278 --> 00:36:05.909 Silence. 343 00:36:07.498 --> 00:36:12.268 Silence. 344 00:36:13.978 --> 00:36:18.509 Tell everybody my name is Justin, and I'm going to be talking about quantum finite. 345 00:36:18.509 --> 00:36:25.889 Which are also known as for our agenda I'm going to start off by discussing the various types of. 346 00:36:25.889 --> 00:36:31.378 Classical finance, some of which we have actually already studied in boxing. Coco. 347 00:36:31.378 --> 00:36:38.548 Then I'm going to introduce 3 different types of and compare their qualities to their corresponding classical counterparts. 348 00:36:38.548 --> 00:36:47.338 Then finally, I'm going to conclude by comparing Cusa is to other quantum computing missions, such as quantum sharing machines and quantum pushed down the. 349 00:36:48.568 --> 00:36:52.829 Classical fund automaton could be characterized with a 5 people definition. 350 00:36:52.829 --> 00:36:57.418 In this definition, Q will represent a finite set of states. 351 00:36:57.418 --> 00:37:04.798 Signal represents the input, Alphabet, Delta level represent transition functions that will change the state depending on. We can, but. 352 00:37:04.798 --> 00:37:11.039 Cue not only represent the initial state and Apple represent the set of all accepting States. 353 00:37:11.039 --> 00:37:17.219 Later on, we're going to see that a base can be defined with exactly the same way with the 5 definition. 354 00:37:17.219 --> 00:37:22.168 The 3 different classicals are known as deterministic. 355 00:37:22.168 --> 00:37:25.528 Non deterministic and probabilistic Thompson. 356 00:37:25.528 --> 00:37:30.688 An example of a deterministic finance, I'm going to tell it's shown here and figure 1. 357 00:37:30.688 --> 00:37:36.748 You'll see that and put a 0T to 1 state and put up 1 will lead to another state. 358 00:37:36.748 --> 00:37:40.559 As deterministic if you have an input up 0T with your guarantee, you can go to this. 359 00:37:41.639 --> 00:37:46.018 However, a non deterministic show here and configured to. 360 00:37:46.018 --> 00:37:50.128 Shows how an input of 1 could lead to either here. 361 00:37:50.128 --> 00:37:54.748 Feet and so it's not deterministic. You don't know. 362 00:37:54.748 --> 00:38:00.358 And finally a probabilistic finance is. 363 00:38:00.358 --> 00:38:05.818 A non deterministic benefit with listing state transitions. 364 00:38:05.818 --> 00:38:10.708 And these need to add up to 1, and as we'll see a, is. 365 00:38:10.708 --> 00:38:18.809 A qsa as close as possible. So once distinction characteristic that has seen in both classical, and it's. 366 00:38:18.809 --> 00:38:23.789 Is the ability to read and put in either 1 way or. 367 00:38:23.789 --> 00:38:31.860 And although this may simplify some basketball, I had to way off and do not really change the computing power. 368 00:38:31.860 --> 00:38:37.110 The class, and regardless of type of classical. 369 00:38:37.110 --> 00:38:40.199 1 way, and to weigh the essays essays. 370 00:38:40.199 --> 00:38:44.159 For all we solve regular. 371 00:38:44.159 --> 00:38:48.090 And they'll see that this is actually not the case with it. 372 00:38:49.349 --> 00:38:52.949 Now, we're going to start discussing. 373 00:38:52.949 --> 00:38:59.039 And formally, we're going to have to find it's a quantum analog to be probabilistic. 374 00:38:59.039 --> 00:39:03.000 And this time we're going to be using quantum states, as opposed to. 375 00:39:03.000 --> 00:39:08.880 After input string is the Cusa is either going to accept or reject the word. 376 00:39:08.880 --> 00:39:15.809 What a probability clean screen on 1 the 1st. Few days. I already discussed all things. 377 00:39:15.809 --> 00:39:20.340 Yeah, I like the classical also that we were just talking about. 378 00:39:20.340 --> 00:39:23.699 1 way the base have less computation power that. 379 00:39:23.699 --> 00:39:27.780 The way things are going to be discussed in different spots. 380 00:39:27.780 --> 00:39:31.079 The, the topic. 381 00:39:31.079 --> 00:39:34.110 Is called the measure once. 382 00:39:34.110 --> 00:39:38.190 The measure once you have things defined with the 5 definition. 383 00:39:38.190 --> 00:39:42.150 And it's very similar to that and the classical, finite and talking. 384 00:39:43.230 --> 00:39:48.750 It's going to begin an initial state. You're not and it's going to be constantly changed by. 385 00:39:48.750 --> 00:39:56.250 Military majors, and these agencies are going to be given by the transfer function privilege input. 386 00:39:57.539 --> 00:40:02.190 The unitary of agencies will be applied it's still the strings. 387 00:40:02.190 --> 00:40:07.440 And then finally, the project of management is going to be performed by the final state. 388 00:40:07.440 --> 00:40:10.980 And this projective incremental will decide whether. 389 00:40:10.980 --> 00:40:16.889 But it's going to be accepted 1 weekend and the probability of accepting a given string. 390 00:40:16.889 --> 00:40:20.429 Didn't That'll just by applying all of these corresponding to the. 391 00:40:21.659 --> 00:40:26.789 So measure ones, the things that are actually able to recognize and substance. 392 00:40:26.789 --> 00:40:32.219 Of regular languages, usually the restriction of only using trinitarian matrix operations. 393 00:40:32.219 --> 00:40:35.309 And so they're actually weaker than they're. 394 00:40:35.309 --> 00:40:40.590 A classic another variation of what white. 395 00:40:40.590 --> 00:40:47.940 Is the measure and rather than as done. 396 00:40:47.940 --> 00:40:51.929 You see that the measure bank, you available form it projective detriment. 397 00:40:51.929 --> 00:40:55.829 After every time the unitary matrix supply to the current state. 398 00:40:57.000 --> 00:41:00.119 The outcome of the measurement will fall into 3 categories. 399 00:41:00.119 --> 00:41:05.070 And these categories are steps project and if the outcome is. 400 00:41:05.070 --> 00:41:08.190 Either accept or reject the queue and they will call. 401 00:41:08.190 --> 00:41:12.090 And if it's continue with the infrastructure will continue that, you. 402 00:41:12.090 --> 00:41:17.190 So, therefore, the measure of many might actually end the compensation before the fall. 403 00:41:18.750 --> 00:41:23.250 And although the measure many Bay is known to be the most more powerful. 404 00:41:23.250 --> 00:41:28.650 That measure it still only recognizes a subset of regular. 405 00:41:28.650 --> 00:41:34.079 And 1 way to base our our way possible. 406 00:41:34.079 --> 00:41:37.559 As a subset, the regular languages, as opposed to all of the. 407 00:41:37.559 --> 00:41:42.360 However, you see that the 1 white human face. 408 00:41:42.360 --> 00:41:45.900 In some cases are able to be exponentially more space efficient. 409 00:41:45.900 --> 00:41:48.960 Their classical. 410 00:41:48.960 --> 00:41:52.320 Now, we're going to be talking about 2 ways. 411 00:41:52.320 --> 00:41:59.010 To make your face perform similar to what is the addition that the rehab has valuable to be. 412 00:41:59.010 --> 00:42:02.250 Left and right. As opposed to. 413 00:42:02.250 --> 00:42:08.880 Just right, and this difference will actually recognize or languages no, the 1 way. 414 00:42:08.880 --> 00:42:12.090 I'll make the 2 right here and they recognize. 415 00:42:12.090 --> 00:42:15.989 Regular languages, but now we can also recognize non. 416 00:42:17.070 --> 00:42:23.969 And this means that the 2 ratio is more powerful than as classical counterpart, which is the 2 way classical to talk to. 417 00:42:25.739 --> 00:42:31.050 Finally going to be comparing your phase to quantum pushed on top of that. 418 00:42:31.050 --> 00:42:35.610 And voluntary machines, monetary machines are. 419 00:42:35.610 --> 00:42:39.539 The most powerful of the 3 and phase are police. 420 00:42:39.539 --> 00:42:42.809 And this is not surprising, because the same trend. 421 00:42:42.809 --> 00:42:46.199 See, what comparing classical machines to. 422 00:42:46.199 --> 00:42:54.750 Classification of talissa and to classic define it. And this picture on the left knows the comparison of computing power between the 3 machines. 423 00:42:54.750 --> 00:42:58.679 And this picture on the right shows, the computation speed. 424 00:42:58.679 --> 00:43:02.519 For each of the 3 machines to solve the big. 425 00:43:02.519 --> 00:43:05.969 And this picture, we see that quantum sharing machines. 426 00:43:05.969 --> 00:43:09.389 Outperform the other day and. 427 00:43:09.389 --> 00:43:12.510 Are very similar competition. 428 00:43:12.510 --> 00:43:17.280 And the, we'll have similar compensation time. 429 00:43:17.280 --> 00:43:20.309 Think because of the extra time it takes. 430 00:43:20.309 --> 00:43:24.179 To add in the stack memory associated to. 431 00:43:27.300 --> 00:43:30.840 Thank you for listening. Do you have any questions. 432 00:43:34.260 --> 00:43:38.699 Silence. 433 00:43:42.179 --> 00:43:45.269 Questions. 434 00:43:45.269 --> 00:43:49.530 I want him echoing question anyone. 435 00:43:50.730 --> 00:43:57.389 Hello. 436 00:43:57.389 --> 00:44:01.679 Okay, so thank you. 437 00:44:03.000 --> 00:44:08.880 There's a comment no. Okay. Um. 438 00:44:10.920 --> 00:44:16.650 Certain what I've just done now, but. 439 00:44:16.650 --> 00:44:28.050 So, thank you very much. Excellent talks everyone if you haven't sent me your presentation or a link to it, if you code, that would be great. And I'll. 440 00:44:28.050 --> 00:44:33.360 Post them or whatever, so people can get can look at each other's. 441 00:44:34.440 --> 00:44:41.039 Okay, so what I like to do for the rest of the time is. 442 00:44:41.039 --> 00:44:54.750 Show some videos about quantum computer machine, and the videos present it better than I could. So I'll run the videos. I may not show all of them. I mean, I'll show the start of. 443 00:44:54.750 --> 00:44:59.610 1, perhaps, and if you're interested, you can watch, can watch the rest of it. 444 00:44:59.610 --> 00:45:03.179 And let's see, now. 445 00:45:04.260 --> 00:45:09.840 Silence. 446 00:45:20.400 --> 00:45:23.550 1st one's a little silly, but. 447 00:45:23.550 --> 00:45:26.550 Tell a few minutes of it. 448 00:45:33.719 --> 00:45:40.500 This is the 1st IBM Q computation center. 449 00:45:40.500 --> 00:45:45.630 Where the commercial quantum systems used by the IBM Q network. 450 00:45:46.710 --> 00:45:51.449 The IBM Q, network is a worldwide organization of industrial. 451 00:45:51.449 --> 00:45:55.590 Research and academic institutions, joining IBM. 452 00:45:55.590 --> 00:46:00.030 To advance quantum computing and launch the 1st commercial applications. 453 00:46:00.030 --> 00:46:03.090 Yeah, we see a 20 cubic system. 454 00:46:03.090 --> 00:46:07.349 Which will be accessed online by members of the IBM queue network. 455 00:46:07.349 --> 00:46:12.360 In the future, they will have access to 50 cubin systems. 456 00:46:12.360 --> 00:46:20.880 Which IBM recently, prototyped listen to the tinkling Bush, the system makes as it maintains the ultra cold. 457 00:46:20.880 --> 00:46:27.210 15M health in temperature required for IBM, superconducting Cubans to operate. 458 00:46:27.210 --> 00:46:31.380 That's colder than outer space. 459 00:46:31.380 --> 00:46:34.920 Cold enough to make Adams almost completely. 460 00:46:34.920 --> 00:46:41.730 Emotionless this is an open dilute refrigerator that contains the Cuban of. 461 00:46:41.730 --> 00:46:46.949 Silicon and aluminum, it's so dark and cold in size. 462 00:46:46.949 --> 00:46:50.940 That it's almost impossible to find even 1 Botox of light. 463 00:46:53.099 --> 00:46:56.760 Join us and experience sounds of IBM. 464 00:46:56.760 --> 00:46:59.909 The IBM Q computation center. 465 00:47:03.599 --> 00:47:06.989 Silence. 466 00:47:16.019 --> 00:47:19.469 Silence. 467 00:47:19.469 --> 00:47:22.949 Silence. 468 00:47:22.949 --> 00:47:26.699 Silence. 469 00:47:26.699 --> 00:47:30.780 Silence. 470 00:47:30.780 --> 00:47:34.980 Silence. 471 00:47:34.980 --> 00:47:39.239 Silence. 472 00:47:39.239 --> 00:47:43.349 Silence. 473 00:47:43.349 --> 00:47:46.800 Silence. 474 00:47:46.800 --> 00:47:49.829 Silence. 475 00:47:53.909 --> 00:47:58.980 Silence. 476 00:47:58.980 --> 00:48:02.159 Okay, just had to show you some of that. 477 00:48:04.139 --> 00:48:09.960 Now, something. 478 00:48:10.224 --> 00:48:20.514 Something to touch more technical. I'm Bob. 479 00:48:20.514 --> 00:48:29.485 Sorry, I'm a vice president of IBM research, and I'm responsible for the part of our IBM Q quantum program that deals with our strategy. 480 00:48:29.994 --> 00:48:36.835 And I think most important building up our ecosystem of people who really are going to be using content computers are. 481 00:48:37.320 --> 00:48:40.949 Peter over the next 2 years, this is a prototype model. 482 00:48:40.949 --> 00:48:45.750 Of a 50 cubic a quantum computer. 483 00:48:45.750 --> 00:48:51.480 And really, if you look at all of this beautiful hardware, it's all. 484 00:48:51.480 --> 00:48:58.440 Part of what really happens down here at the very bottom, the achievements, the actual content computer we lived down there. 485 00:48:58.440 --> 00:49:04.920 And the rest of this as beautiful as it is, and it's an engineering marvel has to do. 486 00:49:04.920 --> 00:49:09.030 With getting it cold enough, superconducting technology. 487 00:49:09.030 --> 00:49:13.320 Getting the signal all the way from outside down to the. 488 00:49:13.320 --> 00:49:17.039 The chips itself, and then back up in a clean enough way. 489 00:49:17.039 --> 00:49:23.190 And so we filter it to decrease the number of hours and. 490 00:49:23.190 --> 00:49:27.059 You don't want to talk a little bit more about the components here. That's accurate. 491 00:49:27.059 --> 00:49:35.699 Work on that. Sure. My name is and I am in charge of the IBM quantum engineering in research center. 492 00:49:35.699 --> 00:49:44.940 So, we have very close relationship with our colleagues in your account, and, as Bob indicated. And the whole idea is to take the chip. 493 00:49:44.940 --> 00:49:52.320 To a very low temperature, approximately 15 Millichap colder that space. Now we're interacting with the chip. 494 00:49:52.320 --> 00:50:01.559 That's in a temperature over that space, but our journey starts at room temperature. So our signals have to originate from room temperature. 495 00:50:01.559 --> 00:50:08.130 Go through several stages of pulling here and we need to modify that signal amplified in places. 496 00:50:08.130 --> 00:50:17.190 Filter that places, and we need to take that signal, which said about 5 gigahertz range the superconducting. 497 00:50:17.190 --> 00:50:21.809 Cables and then finally reach to the heart of the final computer. 498 00:50:21.809 --> 00:50:27.239 At that lowest temperature, that challenge is to bring back that signal. 499 00:50:27.239 --> 00:50:33.809 To the room temperature and do a competition with, as Bob indicated that that temperature. 500 00:50:33.809 --> 00:50:36.960 We want that state to be long lived. 501 00:50:36.960 --> 00:50:45.570 Long coherence we want it to be staying in that stage or when we come from outside, we disturb it. So that's the beauty of. 502 00:50:45.570 --> 00:50:57.929 Keep it long enough in a state to do the competition and solve all the engineering problems temperature the space and backup, right? When it is offering. 503 00:50:57.929 --> 00:51:05.670 It's about 4, Kelvin up here at the top. It goes down below and said to 0T.015. 504 00:51:05.670 --> 00:51:15.179 So, I'm a mathematician, let me say this right up front. So I don't come from physical sciences. And I'll tell you 1 thing. I learned here these pretty little loops here. 505 00:51:15.179 --> 00:51:18.449 Or not just here to be printing. 506 00:51:18.775 --> 00:51:30.925 It does make it look very nice though, as this gets colder and colder and colder the metal contracts. And so the loops tighten up, um, I live in northern New York. You see these loops on telephone calls. 507 00:51:31.014 --> 00:51:45.385 So that the electrical cables dumps app, when they get really cold, it's the same idea here. But, really, as we said, it's all in support of the quantum computer, which is now what's inside the silver. 508 00:51:45.835 --> 00:51:55.434 So, in a, in a working quantum computer and remember, this is a model, and we don't open that up. So it's not here would be a circuit board. 509 00:51:56.005 --> 00:52:10.344 That would contain the circuitry for Cubans cubic is the analog to a classical. So in a classical bed, we deal just with zeros and we put 8 bits together. We get a bite, take a 1M dollars. 510 00:52:10.344 --> 00:52:19.855 You can megabyte so forth and so forth shipments are radically different animals. They are built on the principles of quantum mechanics. 511 00:52:20.219 --> 00:52:24.449 While the classical bit is just your 1. 512 00:52:24.449 --> 00:52:33.329 1 way to think of a Cuba is it has 2 full extra dimensions of mathematical variability to compute. 513 00:52:33.329 --> 00:52:39.929 And the Cubans can all work together in different ways algorithms in a quantum computer. 514 00:52:39.929 --> 00:52:43.559 Radically different problems the way anybody works. 515 00:52:43.559 --> 00:52:56.519 Classical computers today, can you give us a sense of some of the types of problems you can address in quantum computer? Well, a lot of the early applications are focused on chemistry and there's a reason for that. 516 00:52:56.519 --> 00:53:00.000 In the early 1980 s Richard file and. 517 00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:03.690 A professor of Caltech basically observe. 518 00:53:03.690 --> 00:53:11.340 That classical digital computers, and by that, I mean, things that are now in your smartphone and your laptop and stuff like that. 1. 519 00:53:11.340 --> 00:53:20.184 Are really lousy approximations to the way that nature works and so if you want to compute with nature, 520 00:53:20.215 --> 00:53:25.494 such as chemistry and chemistry underlies biology and drug discovery material, 521 00:53:25.494 --> 00:53:28.704 science and things like that you need a computing model, 522 00:53:29.094 --> 00:53:33.025 that is much more similar to the way nature works namely. 523 00:53:33.269 --> 00:53:42.780 Quantum mechanics, so, let me let me give you 1 example here and it's of a molecule that most people know, and love. It's caffeine. 524 00:53:42.780 --> 00:53:47.550 Hi, yeah, everybody here I'm looking around, this is live testing. 525 00:53:47.550 --> 00:53:53.369 1, single caffeine molecule has 95 electrons. 526 00:53:53.369 --> 00:54:02.400 If I were to just reason, and to look at its energy state, I would require tend to the 48 bits. 527 00:54:02.400 --> 00:54:07.380 Wow, that's 1 with 48 zeroes. So what can I compare that to. 528 00:54:07.380 --> 00:54:11.460 The number of atoms in the earth are estimated to be between 10 to the 40 knife. 529 00:54:11.460 --> 00:54:16.019 Content to the 5th day so you really memory. 530 00:54:16.019 --> 00:54:23.250 Proportional to 1 to 10% of the size of earth to represent the simple little. Wow. Wow. 531 00:54:23.250 --> 00:54:30.750 Now, with a quantum computer, you could represent that using 160 Cubans. So, here I'm talking about 50. 532 00:54:30.750 --> 00:54:40.559 Cupid prototype machine can probably think of improvements over the next few years. 1, 6 day is not outside the realm of possibilities. Gotcha. 533 00:54:40.559 --> 00:54:54.505 So, we have something here in chemistry are well known caffeine molecule. That is utterly impossible and will be impossible to represent classical computers, but is certainly going to happen. We would expect for the next few years. 534 00:54:55.614 --> 00:54:57.385 Gentlemen Thank you for your time. 535 00:54:57.480 --> 00:55:03.929 Thanks very much you. 536 00:55:05.579 --> 00:55:09.360 So. 537 00:55:09.360 --> 00:55:14.460 So, is he sort of saying that chemistry is just applied physics? 538 00:55:17.010 --> 00:55:20.789 I think so. 539 00:55:20.789 --> 00:55:26.190 I was trying to start a fight with any chemists in the audience, but okay. 540 00:55:26.190 --> 00:55:29.280 So, I'll show. 541 00:55:29.280 --> 00:55:41.159 Part of another 1, which is more technical, starts off simple, but then it quickly gets more technical, another IBM 1, but may not do the whole thing, but I'll do part of it. So. 542 00:55:45.389 --> 00:55:48.630 Or may, depending on how interesting it is. 543 00:55:53.940 --> 00:55:58.530 Sorry about the headquarters of IBM. 544 00:55:58.530 --> 00:56:03.360 Is a great deal on that. 545 00:56:03.360 --> 00:56:07.469 Hi, Felicia laboratory. 546 00:56:07.469 --> 00:56:10.920 Serves as the headquarters of IBM. 547 00:56:10.920 --> 00:56:14.010 It's a great time for me. 548 00:56:14.010 --> 00:56:17.400 A perspective of the quantum computing. 549 00:56:17.400 --> 00:56:21.420 Yeah, I think that he will have. 550 00:56:21.420 --> 00:56:25.170 The sign for discovery and for business. 551 00:56:25.170 --> 00:56:30.210 It is clear that the world is being challenged and more complex problems. 552 00:56:30.210 --> 00:56:33.900 A virus it's called the. 553 00:56:33.900 --> 00:56:37.050 It's a powerful example of the challenges. 554 00:56:37.050 --> 00:56:40.980 I can try to understand. 555 00:56:40.980 --> 00:56:46.619 Some of the functioning of nature and the implications have for all of us. 556 00:56:46.619 --> 00:56:50.309 Here in the context of dealing with is. 557 00:56:50.309 --> 00:56:53.519 Structure that no more than 195. 558 00:56:53.519 --> 00:56:57.059 Figure out ways, how does. 559 00:56:57.059 --> 00:57:00.630 Of the virus that we know. 560 00:57:00.630 --> 00:57:07.199 That computation can help us with that the structure of the virus. 561 00:57:07.199 --> 00:57:12.510 Hosting log on understood. 562 00:57:12.510 --> 00:57:15.989 Therefore, we can explore. 563 00:57:15.989 --> 00:57:19.949 Different kinds of compounds that could be activate how they function. 564 00:57:19.949 --> 00:57:23.969 Super computer for help. 565 00:57:23.969 --> 00:57:27.269 The most powerful computers. 566 00:57:27.269 --> 00:57:31.079 Model these protein structure and. 567 00:57:31.079 --> 00:57:35.699 We can use another powerful force, which is the powerful force. 568 00:57:35.699 --> 00:57:39.360 Join the meeting for a cost. 569 00:57:40.920 --> 00:57:44.699 Moments of crisis it is particularly important. 570 00:57:44.699 --> 00:57:50.639 That we all come together and that's why we were very out on that. 571 00:57:50.639 --> 00:57:54.750 Partners, federal government and others. 572 00:57:54.750 --> 00:57:57.960 Factor. 573 00:57:57.960 --> 00:58:05.699 Call the performance completed where 30 plus members have paid over 410. 574 00:58:05.699 --> 00:58:12.239 Power I know 100000 no, the goal to a broad portfolio project. 575 00:58:12.239 --> 00:58:16.110 Help us understand the. 576 00:58:16.110 --> 00:58:22.800 And externally just take, we can develop a viral and ultimately. 577 00:58:24.659 --> 00:58:29.219 What is that? 1 called? Fronting? That was exponential problem. 578 00:58:29.219 --> 00:58:32.489 Computational. 579 00:58:32.489 --> 00:58:36.750 To satisfy all those require exponential. 580 00:58:36.750 --> 00:58:40.139 And today we're fighting. 581 00:58:40.139 --> 00:58:43.590 What's in the context of the compensation that we have. 582 00:58:43.590 --> 00:58:47.550 The world of things, but there's another computational. 583 00:59:54.114 --> 00:59:55.224 Professor, he can't hear that. 584 01:01:51.329 --> 01:01:54.840 Actually, I don't think we can hear your voice if you're speaking as well. 585 01:02:10.199 --> 01:02:16.860 This is weird, but can you hear me now? 586 01:02:16.860 --> 01:02:19.949 Yeah, yeah. Okay. Um. 587 01:02:22.530 --> 01:02:26.760 It's so weird way I've got it set up is also kind of cause that call. 588 01:02:30.780 --> 01:02:34.889 Unfortunately, the superpower that activity. 589 01:02:34.889 --> 01:02:38.460 Is this understandable? 590 01:02:38.460 --> 01:02:42.690 Hello. 591 01:02:42.690 --> 01:02:49.170 The principle of superposition actually, quite quite for us to understand. 592 01:02:49.170 --> 01:03:01.260 So this on that side, we have our North or South Pole 1 and we ask those who states. Now we have a superposition to have 0T. I know. 1. 593 01:03:01.260 --> 01:03:05.639 Yourself and the right diagram is the same, but now we're going to do a little. 594 01:03:05.639 --> 01:03:16.614 What does it have? What do we did here because remember we get to change now and get to rotate right? So we rotated it 180 degrees and now we have 1 more. 595 01:03:16.614 --> 01:03:24.295 So, now, when we do the addition of 0T, plus 1, we end up with a superposition state, but notice that it's different than the 1. 596 01:03:25.590 --> 01:03:38.034 We are still the 1 for now without rotating States for the 1. now, that is going to be very powerful who then leverage a 2nd, which is with principle loving. 597 01:03:38.755 --> 01:03:41.844 This is not an offering that we are forming classical. 598 01:03:42.869 --> 01:03:53.219 So, here in this example, we have a new 1 in the lab on the new state that we created, which is also do another 1 by these rotated. 599 01:03:53.219 --> 01:03:57.869 When we're doing this now, how we get to interfere those things. 600 01:03:57.869 --> 01:04:07.710 I've noticed something really interesting happens. We cancel the 1 state, and we've ended up with that. We've done that because in the state. 601 01:04:07.710 --> 01:04:13.800 So, the next opportunity that we have right now is how many states can we create. 602 01:04:13.800 --> 01:04:19.739 And the beautiful thing, so we're going to need an exponential number of things. 603 01:04:19.739 --> 01:04:24.030 So, let's look at systems that have by. 604 01:04:24.030 --> 01:04:32.099 In this case, we're fixing these independent events right? Or seeing them on the last 1 1 that really multiply 5 of them. 605 01:04:32.099 --> 01:04:45.599 So the number of states that we can claim, our quantum computer depicted on this deal on the right to power call. The number of documents we have is give me a 5 hour 532 States. 606 01:04:45.599 --> 01:04:48.659 Somewhere, I think 32 on. 607 01:04:48.659 --> 01:04:53.519 Notice that, in this case, we did not incorporate any faith that all the. 608 01:04:53.519 --> 01:04:56.760 The powerful aspect of using this. 609 01:04:56.760 --> 01:05:00.090 Robert calling on Tangram and 1. 610 01:05:00.090 --> 01:05:06.780 Is that we can create things like the 1 that sits on the right where we have these combinations of pink. 611 01:05:06.780 --> 01:05:11.579 Where in state. 612 01:05:11.579 --> 01:05:21.179 Cannot be described as the independent product, all these 5 in these cases we have 32 States. 613 01:05:21.179 --> 01:05:25.500 Sexual something very profound. 614 01:05:25.500 --> 01:05:33.119 And that is that you could have and stay in your quantum system that you're going to profit for me. 615 01:05:33.119 --> 01:05:36.119 That and not scli. 616 01:05:36.119 --> 01:05:40.800 As the pending component that make the. 617 01:05:40.800 --> 01:05:45.000 It's a lot it's a very profound thing. 618 01:05:45.000 --> 01:05:49.650 Base of the power. 619 01:05:49.650 --> 01:05:54.480 So, let's bring that all together to give you an intuition. 620 01:05:54.480 --> 01:05:58.769 For holiday or enough 1. 621 01:05:59.789 --> 01:06:05.940 What we'll do is that in, let's say, in this case, we have a 500. 622 01:06:05.940 --> 01:06:10.590 Is that we're preparing for being a superposition of states? 623 01:06:10.590 --> 01:06:15.150 To the power 532 you have those 32. 624 01:06:15.150 --> 01:06:23.610 Thoughts that you see, and then we have some code, the problem data into the current function. 625 01:06:23.610 --> 01:06:26.969 The way that hospitals is coding. 626 01:06:26.969 --> 01:06:35.489 It sounds good to know is that what we've done now is that some of those states are now changing things, you're seeing those and fix it. 627 01:06:35.489 --> 01:06:44.820 I know, and so now we have 1 per position, we have exploded the proper tanglement. 628 01:06:44.820 --> 01:06:52.739 Moving coding, and the principle interfering from the fact that we can now take these states. 629 01:06:52.739 --> 01:07:01.139 That might interfere with 1 another such a way that we get to cancel things out and maximize the right answer. 630 01:07:01.139 --> 01:07:07.050 So, anything fall away I think I have to get back online. We perform a measurement. 631 01:07:07.050 --> 01:07:13.679 How we get on a very different from the practical. 632 01:07:14.820 --> 01:07:18.510 Really. 633 01:07:18.510 --> 01:07:23.579 Between these Tango proper, and the amount of information. 634 01:07:23.579 --> 01:07:27.630 That we have relationships financial. 635 01:07:27.630 --> 01:07:33.119 What the table is a number of elastic. 636 01:07:33.119 --> 01:07:37.920 So you will come along that are required to represent them. 637 01:07:37.920 --> 01:07:43.980 That Tango, Tango states that I just described, and kids, and I'm using number. 638 01:07:43.980 --> 01:07:48.929 By the time I have a 100 perfect Cuba Tango with 1 of. 639 01:07:48.929 --> 01:07:56.789 If you need to describe using zeroes that do need to be both every ad planner. 640 01:07:56.789 --> 01:08:01.289 To store those arrows on 1 clearly that's not possible. 641 01:08:01.289 --> 01:08:06.239 You have 280 Cuba and we need to have we have to have the known universe. 642 01:08:06.239 --> 01:08:13.590 So that this is exponential relationship between the special problem of entitlement. 643 01:08:13.590 --> 01:08:17.699 And the representation of 1 of the. 644 01:08:17.699 --> 01:08:29.130 Well, it matters because it turns out that despite how powerful or classical computers all the reality is that it's a fast set of problems in the world that they cannot. 645 01:08:29.130 --> 01:08:39.510 How many relational theory perspective will say that we need classical computers and back goes easy for all things that don't have an exponential number of variables to them. 646 01:08:39.510 --> 01:08:47.340 Remember in the case of the virus as an example that Molly nature is an example of an echo financial. 647 01:08:47.340 --> 01:08:50.609 But so are other problems like. 648 01:08:50.609 --> 01:08:56.430 Problem with optimization in fact, is a bad number of problems in the world of mathematics. 649 01:08:56.430 --> 01:09:08.489 That. 650 01:09:09.840 --> 01:09:12.899 Thank you so he gets more tactical later on, but that's. 651 01:09:12.899 --> 01:09:16.319 It's an introduction. 652 01:09:19.439 --> 01:09:27.600 To see. 653 01:09:28.739 --> 01:09:35.550 1, 2, let's see now. 654 01:09:35.550 --> 01:10:11.939 Silence. 655 01:10:13.229 --> 01:10:17.250 Videos here and let me do 1. 656 01:10:17.250 --> 01:10:22.619 Hey, guys. 657 01:10:24.090 --> 01:10:28.590 A lot with them a lot. 658 01:10:31.649 --> 01:10:36.479 This video, I'm going to show you how to access. 659 01:10:38.850 --> 01:10:46.710 The 1st, 1. 660 01:10:46.710 --> 01:10:49.890 You want to feel. 661 01:10:50.939 --> 01:10:54.060 Be working on. 662 01:10:54.060 --> 01:10:58.319 Why do the 1st, major public announcement? What was. 663 01:10:59.670 --> 01:11:03.600 You know. 664 01:11:05.520 --> 01:11:08.729 Device has a 1 more volume of 64. 665 01:11:08.729 --> 01:11:14.010 Twice, it's the recording. 666 01:11:16.380 --> 01:11:19.890 1, more volume on the server. 667 01:11:19.890 --> 01:11:28.020 And the success now, 600. 668 01:11:28.020 --> 01:11:32.369 So the high 1, 1 shows, the errors are. 669 01:11:32.369 --> 01:11:35.850 The word error rate Super. 670 01:11:35.850 --> 01:11:40.979 What's nice about our device. 671 01:11:40.979 --> 01:11:46.020 Superconducting device. 672 01:11:46.020 --> 01:11:55.590 Only neighboring fluids can be further away so called block bonds, which further increases to. 673 01:11:55.590 --> 01:12:02.369 Since he was physically move around and all. 674 01:12:02.369 --> 01:12:05.430 Without. 675 01:12:05.430 --> 01:12:10.289 While this is very impressed when computers really becoming obsessed. 676 01:12:10.289 --> 01:12:13.470 Around 60 Cubans, because this is. 677 01:12:13.470 --> 01:12:19.229 Where it becomes very difficult to see when they would be very interesting. 678 01:12:19.229 --> 01:12:22.710 It will be a little device. 679 01:12:22.710 --> 01:12:28.260 Now, on. 680 01:12:28.260 --> 01:12:32.189 If we go over. 681 01:12:32.189 --> 01:12:35.189 Side. 682 01:12:35.189 --> 01:12:39.960 So, basically you're. 683 01:12:39.960 --> 01:12:43.470 It's a very old school and then you can. 684 01:12:43.470 --> 01:12:46.859 Is the. 685 01:12:48.000 --> 01:12:51.060 On the website. 686 01:12:51.060 --> 01:12:55.800 Costs so I guess this will be. 687 01:12:57.000 --> 01:13:00.060 So this is basically. 688 01:13:00.060 --> 01:13:05.369 More commercials for the company. 689 01:13:05.369 --> 01:13:10.229 This should become a lot more, frankly. 690 01:13:10.229 --> 01:13:13.619 So, we have a look at Michaels stores. 691 01:13:13.619 --> 01:13:17.520 Mike myself awesome cloud, including service. 692 01:13:17.520 --> 01:13:22.920 Top off and. 693 01:13:22.920 --> 01:13:30.300 Sign do that. We redirect to this website. 694 01:13:30.300 --> 01:13:33.840 We scroll down. 695 01:13:33.840 --> 01:13:37.079 Microsoft. 696 01:13:37.079 --> 01:13:42.239 For sure you should be able to access and. 697 01:13:42.239 --> 01:13:45.300 So much. 698 01:13:45.300 --> 01:13:52.319 Which will provide access to. 699 01:13:52.319 --> 01:13:58.439 Microsoft has a long. 700 01:13:58.439 --> 01:14:13.140 Allison is released massive just based on the answers now, providing a couple of different partners. 701 01:14:13.140 --> 01:14:19.859 Double check our Web site. 702 01:14:20.939 --> 01:14:24.569 All right, so this is the. 703 01:14:24.569 --> 01:14:27.960 It's all the different services. 704 01:14:27.960 --> 01:14:32.939 This for my ranges from learning. 705 01:14:32.939 --> 01:14:36.659 For. 706 01:14:36.659 --> 01:14:41.579 Server website basically, this is what. 707 01:14:41.579 --> 01:14:45.930 Uh, outcomes to the website. 708 01:14:45.930 --> 01:14:50.489 Super. 709 01:14:50.489 --> 01:14:57.899 We also have to take care of them some broadcast. 710 01:14:57.899 --> 01:15:00.930 Really. 711 01:15:00.930 --> 01:15:09.750 That are available to us 1st, on the 1st 1 feels that the way. 712 01:15:14.789 --> 01:15:18.899 Weight was actually 99. 713 01:15:18.899 --> 01:15:23.789 The Canadian Canadian. 714 01:15:23.789 --> 01:15:27.930 They were 1st to sell. 715 01:15:27.930 --> 01:15:30.960 That it's a very. 716 01:15:30.960 --> 01:15:37.409 Here it's so called, these are the ones that are really. 717 01:15:37.409 --> 01:15:40.770 Only 1 optimization. So. 718 01:15:42.810 --> 01:15:56.640 So, that means that the company is quite whether the way it is actually able to provide, which means that it's possible. 719 01:15:56.640 --> 01:16:00.029 So, for still very much. 720 01:16:00.029 --> 01:16:04.350 Really. 721 01:16:05.939 --> 01:16:09.689 Access using. 722 01:16:09.689 --> 01:16:19.500 1000 occupants, and this is the cost, which, you know what it is to actually go to. 723 01:16:19.500 --> 01:16:29.039 The website, you can see that you're on the redirect. 724 01:16:29.039 --> 01:16:35.609 Yeah, we can actually sign on the wait for free, but our programs. 725 01:16:35.609 --> 01:16:42.569 So, yeah, yes and. 726 01:16:43.680 --> 01:16:46.949 Okay, so next step is. 727 01:16:46.949 --> 01:16:53.430 Very similar to the since it's ultimately correct. 728 01:16:54.569 --> 01:17:01.800 Also has, it has if it's sort of. 729 01:17:01.800 --> 01:17:07.739 More than just 6 and I, is that American. 730 01:17:07.739 --> 01:17:11.909 Start off stuff. 731 01:17:11.909 --> 01:17:20.369 And 1, if we have a website, you can see that. 732 01:17:20.369 --> 01:17:25.800 Get started on access right now to the. 733 01:17:25.800 --> 01:17:36.329 Is using us and they're planning at Microsoft, but as always same report, it's not public. We'll get. 734 01:17:36.329 --> 01:17:39.840 So this is really cool. 735 01:17:39.840 --> 01:17:46.979 That we can play around with the. 736 01:17:46.979 --> 01:17:51.989 All right, so the last device is getting. 737 01:17:51.989 --> 01:17:59.220 We're getting is not the American startup for and it was done on 2013. 738 01:18:00.300 --> 01:18:04.409 And similar to the idea that people. 739 01:18:06.810 --> 01:18:11.159 They have improvements, so they used to have to, I guess. 740 01:18:11.159 --> 01:18:18.180 It's basically to not working on. 741 01:18:18.180 --> 01:18:21.659 You can hear the. 742 01:18:23.670 --> 01:18:26.699 We have we get excited. 743 01:18:26.699 --> 01:18:37.619 Go down, join start your day to sign up form so you can actually any device directly. 744 01:18:37.619 --> 01:18:41.069 Without. 745 01:18:41.069 --> 01:18:46.770 All right, so these are 3 WS. 746 01:18:46.770 --> 01:18:52.380 I think this is really exciting, prepared a few ways and any ones. 747 01:18:52.380 --> 01:18:56.550 Are other ways. 748 01:18:56.550 --> 01:19:01.739 On website 1 is you? So, this is very exciting. 749 01:19:01.739 --> 01:19:04.770 Yeah. 750 01:19:04.770 --> 01:19:13.619 I think a lot more foods, and I assume that Mike has that amount of Square will become available in the near future. 751 01:19:13.619 --> 01:19:17.520 And I said that was also working on. 752 01:19:17.520 --> 01:19:20.520 Silence. 753 01:19:20.520 --> 01:19:24.479 All right, thank you so much for watching you. 754 01:19:29.460 --> 01:19:33.420 Okay. 755 01:19:35.159 --> 01:19:45.060 No, I go. 756 01:19:47.550 --> 01:19:52.140 So. 757 01:19:53.760 --> 01:20:18.720 Silence, 758 01:20:18.715 --> 01:20:19.854 I think we lost your voice. 759 01:20:29.310 --> 01:20:34.350 Let's see. 760 01:20:36.449 --> 01:20:39.750 Okay. 761 01:20:39.750 --> 01:20:45.960 This is so weird. I'm again, I'm doing video on 1 machine and audio from another machine, but. 762 01:20:45.960 --> 01:20:49.380 Well, so. 763 01:20:49.380 --> 01:20:56.279 Okay, and find things on different machines. I enjoy your talks that great. If you didn't send me your talk and send it to me. 764 01:20:56.279 --> 01:21:02.489 Folks and have a good weekend everyone and see you Monday, I'll stay around. 765 01:21:02.489 --> 01:21:06.329 For a few minutes in case, anyone has any questions. 766 01:21:06.329 --> 01:21:09.659 How should I send you presentation for email and maybe. 767 01:21:09.659 --> 01:21:12.899 How could you send me the presentation. 768 01:21:12.899 --> 01:21:22.710 Oh, PDF for some people has sent me links to Google or something. So download it. 769 01:21:22.710 --> 01:21:26.039 If it's too big to email. 770 01:21:26.039 --> 01:21:30.149 What about any web server that I've got access to? 771 01:21:31.439 --> 01:21:35.970 If you put it up on something like Google Docs, send me a share a link. 772 01:21:35.970 --> 01:21:40.859 We can get into Google Docs, so the different account, and our email address. 773 01:21:42.300 --> 01:21:47.010 All right other questions.