WEBVTT 1 00:00:05.128 --> 00:00:08.550 Hey, good afternoon. People. 2 00:00:08.550 --> 00:00:11.999 Programming and. 3 00:00:15.329 --> 00:00:21.239 Is and Jeremy. 4 00:00:21.239 --> 00:00:28.559 Chat window here. 5 00:00:33.539 --> 00:00:40.649 Usual, we can hear you. Thank you. 6 00:00:40.649 --> 00:00:46.859 No. 7 00:01:12.474 --> 00:01:12.775 Okay. 8 00:01:13.049 --> 00:01:19.439 Several things 1st, next week I shut up and you had the chance. 9 00:01:19.439 --> 00:01:24.269 Um, I could see a listing of the name on. 10 00:01:24.269 --> 00:01:27.870 Yeah, so it was a more temporary. 11 00:01:27.870 --> 00:01:32.189 And also, I don't know, people have a sense. 12 00:01:34.170 --> 00:01:38.730 That so, in any case. 13 00:01:38.730 --> 00:01:41.909 Yeah, and. 14 00:01:41.909 --> 00:01:50.280 Everyone got a date and the topic that he was okay with. So, I don't know it's like this in quantum entanglement. 15 00:01:52.049 --> 00:01:56.010 Any case, um. 16 00:01:56.010 --> 00:02:00.870 Hey, professor, you're still really quiet. 17 00:02:00.870 --> 00:02:06.750 Oh, I'm sorry about that. Can you hear me better now? 18 00:02:06.750 --> 00:02:10.199 Yeah, that's good. Oh, okay. My fault. 19 00:02:10.199 --> 00:02:13.560 Oh, okay. 20 00:02:13.560 --> 00:02:22.259 I had the microphone at the wrong angle. Okay. So what I was saying is next week, I shut up and you guys have a chance to talk and. 21 00:02:22.259 --> 00:02:27.180 I just didn't everyone got a topic and, uh. 22 00:02:27.180 --> 00:02:31.319 Date that it was okay with him so great. 23 00:02:31.319 --> 00:02:38.669 At some point, I'm tending to put more private course related stuff and that and temporary things on stuff. 24 00:02:38.669 --> 00:02:52.409 2nd topic in the news, there are several companies that get a lot of press with quantum computing. I've been talking more about IBM because. 25 00:02:52.409 --> 00:03:03.330 They're perhaps the leader in the course in the topic, but there's other ones that get get some press and I want to mention 1 called D wave. 26 00:03:04.409 --> 00:03:08.340 Googles, I mean, people slam Wikipedia, but it's. 27 00:03:08.340 --> 00:03:18.659 It's, um, not so awful at times it has systems with a couple of 1000 cube. That's the issue is that. 28 00:03:18.895 --> 00:03:19.615 What D, 29 00:03:19.615 --> 00:03:20.544 wave calls, 30 00:03:20.574 --> 00:03:28.044 quantum computing is not precisely what some other people like IBM and Google call quantum computing, 31 00:03:28.525 --> 00:03:31.284 IBM and Google have these gate circuits, 32 00:03:31.585 --> 00:03:33.985 which we were seeing and we will see again today. 33 00:03:34.764 --> 00:03:36.715 And you've got quantum Gates and. 34 00:03:37.020 --> 00:03:43.530 And you compute stuff D, wave is doing something completely different called a neat quantum annealing. 35 00:03:43.854 --> 00:03:58.764 They have a an integer, it's basically solving nurture programming. They've got a function on integers and they're trying to find the inputs. That will make it a minimum and they're doing many solutions in parallel. 36 00:03:59.305 --> 00:04:13.764 So it's something that's worth doing. It's not, it's a completely different problem than what the other quantum computers are doing. A cannot, for example, be used to factor large in New Jersey. In any case. 37 00:04:13.794 --> 00:04:14.485 They. 38 00:04:15.150 --> 00:04:19.649 In the news again, you see a couple of days ago here. 39 00:04:19.649 --> 00:04:29.428 And using Joseph, some junctions and so, and so you can read this and learn about that and disagree and they talk about here what it is. 40 00:04:29.428 --> 00:04:33.358 Minimize as a function in parallel and so on. 41 00:04:34.559 --> 00:04:46.769 There's still the question, whether it's faster than classical, but that's true. For all quantum computers. At the moment. I think they've been claims of quantum supremacy, which is a quantum computer, doing a problem faster. 42 00:04:46.769 --> 00:04:51.538 It's a little iffy at the moment. Perhaps it'll probably happen the next year or so. 43 00:04:51.538 --> 00:04:55.468 Okay, so that's, um, the way that are in the news. 44 00:04:55.468 --> 00:05:08.848 Another okay, another topic is some other sites that have interesting introductions to quantum computing. So I'm still feeling my way somewhat also. And. 45 00:05:08.848 --> 00:05:12.899 I find 1 way to learn a new topic is to. 46 00:05:12.899 --> 00:05:18.358 1 way to learn a new topic is to. 47 00:05:18.358 --> 00:05:24.389 Read different different, people's descriptions of it. So I have here. 48 00:05:24.389 --> 00:05:28.649 For that I found by browsing around that that I thought were interesting. 49 00:05:28.649 --> 00:05:32.218 And I thought there were quite well, actually. 50 00:05:32.218 --> 00:05:36.088 And, um. 51 00:05:36.088 --> 00:05:41.848 And so this article here is very well written and. 52 00:05:41.848 --> 00:05:51.749 Very concise cubic factor to complex numbers of unit length and so on. And so you can go through this 1. you might like it. 53 00:05:51.749 --> 00:06:01.019 As being helping, you understand things that's the 1st, 1, another 1 in medium. 54 00:06:03.509 --> 00:06:06.778 And on Java script, disabled. 55 00:06:06.778 --> 00:06:15.629 By default, and so you can browse around here, classical operations quantum, and so on. 56 00:06:15.629 --> 00:06:21.869 Okay, uh, block sphere and. 57 00:06:21.869 --> 00:06:29.038 Yeah, so you might like this 1 it's, it's very well written and gets into some depth. 58 00:06:29.038 --> 00:06:33.209 Phase we haven't talked about much and I actually have a blurb on the. 59 00:06:34.288 --> 00:06:38.009 I've a blurb typed on the block a little about that. 60 00:06:38.009 --> 00:06:44.639 Well, anticipate what I typed it in the blog, you can have 2 different cube bits that have different phases. It's like. 61 00:06:44.639 --> 00:06:48.178 It's a 2 dimensional vector if it's rotated if. 62 00:06:48.178 --> 00:06:54.418 Sometimes, if you measure it, you cannot tell separate between the 2 factors that they give the same measurements. 63 00:06:54.418 --> 00:06:57.778 Depending on the basis that you're in, and. 64 00:06:57.778 --> 00:07:09.269 Of course, I also have the blog measurement. Every measurement operator has a set of basis factors and it's measuring with respect to those basis factors. And what it does is that. 65 00:07:09.269 --> 00:07:19.108 Collapses the cube bit onto 1 of its basis factors and the probabilities like aptitudes. Um, so different measurement operators. 66 00:07:19.108 --> 00:07:28.348 Well, expose different differences between various cube beds, but like the like the 2 right here in the middle if you. 67 00:07:28.348 --> 00:07:32.399 Measure them with the standard measurement operator, they'll. 68 00:07:32.399 --> 00:07:46.379 It'll collapse is 0T or 1 was the same probability now, while you're interested in these different phases is it becomes interesting later on with some operators the different phases, cause different results. Any case. 69 00:07:46.379 --> 00:08:00.749 These X, Y, and Z mentioned them briefly their rotations around different acces and this 2 dimensional image quality. So, what this is really covered is that. 70 00:08:00.749 --> 00:08:05.098 It just complex factors of length 1 or points on the. 71 00:08:06.149 --> 00:08:13.168 On the boundary on the surface of the sphere. Okay. Any case you can have on looking at that. 72 00:08:13.168 --> 00:08:17.488 The 3rd thing, um, well, it's also. 73 00:08:17.488 --> 00:08:32.009 From medium and I may yeah. Talking about some of the standard cube and again we've seen these before, but this this article is well written so it can be fun browsing through that. 74 00:08:32.009 --> 00:08:35.668 This thing here I mentioned before I'll come. 75 00:08:36.778 --> 00:08:42.568 I'll come into it again today, but since I'm pointing to it right now. 76 00:08:42.568 --> 00:08:50.938 What we have here is we have a function f of X and X could be a vector and f doesn't have to be reversible. If there's any function it's got. 77 00:08:50.938 --> 00:09:02.399 And bits and 1 bit out. So how do you make it? Reversible? You make it reversible by adding 1 more input bit to the system controlled bit. Why? And then. 78 00:09:02.399 --> 00:09:07.918 This box use of f, which is the unitary version of app, which means the reversible version of app. 79 00:09:07.918 --> 00:09:14.578 Is that you take the input and you pass it straight to the output? And then for the plus. 80 00:09:14.578 --> 00:09:19.528 1st, that is you compute and with why. 81 00:09:19.528 --> 00:09:26.428 And even if it's not reversible, this box, you have your, you sub app is reversible. 82 00:09:26.428 --> 00:09:30.688 So, it's a technique to make any function into a reversible function. 83 00:09:30.688 --> 00:09:35.729 So, they talk about that in some detail you might have fun with that. 84 00:09:37.349 --> 00:09:41.729 And the 4th, 1 are some slides, um. 85 00:09:41.729 --> 00:09:45.928 From inertia, Cambridge and United Kingdom. 86 00:09:46.553 --> 00:10:00.833 And so again, I'd like the way they start what is called and computing and so on, it's logically laid out. 87 00:10:00.864 --> 00:10:08.844 And I, I like this. And again, the measurement thing is, you measure with respect to a basis and so so. 88 00:10:09.149 --> 00:10:13.048 Again, you might you might enjoy going through. 89 00:10:13.048 --> 00:10:20.278 Going to the slides that here, which is condensed version of several blogs there, several lectures in their class. 90 00:10:20.278 --> 00:10:34.979 This is what I was saying, but a measurement operator in quantum computing, it has a basis vector said, and the measurement projects, the cube it onto 1 of the basis factors. And the probability of which basis factor depends on. 91 00:10:34.979 --> 00:10:41.339 Yeah, of of the cube bit as expressed in that basis system. 92 00:10:41.339 --> 00:10:48.808 So, you rep, you can represent the factor in terms of linear combo of the vectors on the basis set and so on. 93 00:10:48.808 --> 00:10:56.818 Okay, so there's any questions about the easiest thing is just on mute your microphone and talk to me that that works quite well actually. 94 00:10:56.818 --> 00:11:01.408 Okay, now, um. 95 00:11:01.408 --> 00:11:06.509 Main part of the of today, I want to talk about. 96 00:11:06.509 --> 00:11:11.548 Um, more stuff on IBM, quantum experience and more detail. 97 00:11:11.548 --> 00:11:14.759 And show you some new things about it. 98 00:11:14.759 --> 00:11:23.788 And I'll summarize this and I'll go through in more detail. Oh, 1st, what I'll be doing more in the future. 99 00:11:23.788 --> 00:11:35.844 These are a subset of the future things. I've never I never showed you. shore's algorithm. I've talked to all around that. I haven't shown it in any detail. And also, at some point, you have to talk about the hardware how IBM skew machine works inside. 100 00:11:36.443 --> 00:11:38.933 And so how some of his competitors work. 101 00:11:39.239 --> 00:11:43.739 Okay, some points what IBM quantum experience so that's their website. 102 00:11:43.739 --> 00:11:48.328 Is that you see design a circuit there? 103 00:11:48.328 --> 00:12:02.874 You don't need to simulate it somewhere else, because it shows you the probabilities right away as you design it. So it's got a simulator built into it. You might say another thing. I haven't showed you. I showed you the probabilities last time. Another thing that I haven't, I showed you very quickly. I didn't show you this part. 104 00:12:03.173 --> 00:12:07.793 It shows you the circuit in this, and that's 1 of a. 105 00:12:08.068 --> 00:12:17.249 Couple of different quantum computing assembly languages also showed you Python so showed you does this be 2 different ways to. 106 00:12:17.249 --> 00:12:29.938 Program as a secret to statement, there's the Python version and the version is briefer. Actually. Now the thing with IBM quantum miss Sharon says you can. 107 00:12:30.323 --> 00:12:43.464 Type, it's 2 views into the same thing, you've got the circuit view with the drag and drop, and you've got the QR code and you can edit either 1, you can edit the assembly code and edit. You edit it it updates the circuit diagrams. 108 00:12:43.464 --> 00:12:46.673 So, it's 2 views into the same system state. 109 00:12:46.948 --> 00:12:53.369 They also have a pile of sample programmed as they get hub registry. 110 00:12:54.538 --> 00:13:06.359 So, I'll just summarize just and I'll go through and show you them. So we'll do is we'll play with them and some sample circuits that they've got, and also working a little. 111 00:13:06.359 --> 00:13:17.129 You know, again, getting closer to shore's algorithm. I'll show you reversible circuit that for compute 7 X Mark 15 it's not a quantum circuit. It's just, um. 112 00:13:17.129 --> 00:13:21.568 Well, it's gotten river reversible gates in it, but it could be used classically, but. 113 00:13:21.568 --> 00:13:31.769 It takes some and integer in binary form in and output 7, next 115 out. So an example of energy operations you can do with. 114 00:13:31.769 --> 00:13:35.849 Some with these. 115 00:13:35.849 --> 00:13:42.119 Logical circuits. Okay. Let me just pull up somewhere here. 116 00:13:42.119 --> 00:13:45.719 1 of these screens. 117 00:13:46.828 --> 00:13:51.028 I don't know where to find out here. 118 00:13:51.028 --> 00:13:56.399 Just, um, okay. 119 00:13:56.399 --> 00:13:59.759 So, what we have here is. 120 00:13:59.759 --> 00:14:11.849 Um, it's up here. No gage yet at the right is the program and you can figure out the syntax you don't need to read it's documented, but you don't need to read it. You can. 121 00:14:11.849 --> 00:14:18.028 Understand it and declares economy register with 3 bits. 122 00:14:18.028 --> 00:14:24.778 Control register with 3 events and now if I put a gate in here, for example. 123 00:14:24.778 --> 00:14:32.188 Let me lower this for fun. Yeah, maybe. 124 00:14:33.509 --> 00:14:44.639 Sure. Okay again I put a gate and and now the outputs are on 1 and so on if I go into here and type something. 125 00:14:52.078 --> 00:14:58.828 Apply the Q1 it goes and does that you see, it goes both ways. 126 00:14:58.828 --> 00:15:04.438 Had in mind in that mix things up and so on. 127 00:15:05.489 --> 00:15:11.249 Okay, and it's typing stuff over here. Okay, so that's showing you that. 128 00:15:11.249 --> 00:15:16.224 You can go both ways you can edit the assembly code, 129 00:15:16.224 --> 00:15:22.224 or you can edit the circuit diagram and you get 2 probabilities down here measurement problems, 130 00:15:22.224 --> 00:15:26.994 the probabilities of collapsing to 1 of those things and remind you over here. 131 00:15:27.953 --> 00:15:31.163 This is a subtle, stylistic representation of each cube. 132 00:15:33.594 --> 00:15:46.764 What phase I haven't talked about yet? Well, it's a vector. So that's the phase angle. The probability of it being a 0T or 1 of a 150% that's also shown by the water line here. And then the purity is, is it entangled it. 133 00:15:49.828 --> 00:16:00.568 Can it be decomposed or is it entangled? This is not entangled yet. So the circles full radius if I dragged in something like, I don't know that. 134 00:16:01.889 --> 00:16:08.129 It's not entangled yet, but, um, play with enough of these gates and it ends up entangled. So. 135 00:16:09.778 --> 00:16:18.359 Add 1 more actually our back to 3 and pull in this. 136 00:16:18.359 --> 00:16:25.109 Now, you've succeeded in tangling everything purity of reduced state and so on. 137 00:16:25.109 --> 00:16:29.818 Okay, that was point 1. I wanted to show you. 138 00:16:31.948 --> 00:16:36.178 Next thing is the repository of assorted stuff. 139 00:16:36.178 --> 00:16:39.688 I'm I'm guessing that. 140 00:16:40.948 --> 00:16:51.629 Uh, many of you are familiar with good tob, but not all of you. Perhaps, I don't know, feel free to speak up and tell me your level of familiarity with kit and get up. 141 00:16:54.808 --> 00:16:58.859 I haven't put everyone to sleep already have icon. It's only, you know. 142 00:16:58.859 --> 00:17:03.989 By the way I've used it in a couple of classes so far. Okay. 143 00:17:03.989 --> 00:17:09.959 Pretty familiar people are pretty familiar. Okay. I'll do just just do this. 144 00:17:09.959 --> 00:17:24.653 I so I didn't hear the last person. I've used it a couple of times before to download things, but when I try to do it to, like, make software with multiple people, I always have issues with it. Okay. Well, let me just show you how I do it on my side. I'm in a Linux box here. 145 00:17:24.834 --> 00:17:28.673 I'll tell you what I use, get for not get hub. I use get. 146 00:17:29.128 --> 00:17:42.568 Synchronized by different computers, I've got several different laptops. You know, I've been offline disk for back, offline backups. I've got my own private cloud server at and I use get. 147 00:17:42.568 --> 00:17:45.778 To synchronize between my different machines. 148 00:17:46.163 --> 00:18:00.233 And it's very used, I just get analyses, get an extra big files. I mean, I'm very glad that I picked it. It works extremely well, because if I, so there's no, the thing with get, it's a distributed repository system. 149 00:18:00.233 --> 00:18:03.624 There's no master copy anywhere and I'd like that. 150 00:18:04.199 --> 00:18:18.388 And so, what it does is it logs in timestamps file changes. So if I'm on 1 machine, and I update a few files that I'm on another machine to update a few files, and I say to push and pull and synchronize. 151 00:18:18.388 --> 00:18:22.409 What it does, does it takes the latest version. 152 00:18:23.003 --> 00:18:33.054 And make sure every computer has eventually has the latest version of every file and if 1 computer, maybe, it's my off line. Disk is offline for a month. 153 00:18:33.054 --> 00:18:40.554 Let's say before I choose to back up, then when I do plug it in and synchronize with it. And then everything gets caught up. 154 00:18:40.858 --> 00:18:47.368 And what good is doing also it's storing Delta. So, and every time I say. 155 00:18:47.368 --> 00:18:59.459 I say, basically, save the state. It saves the deltas and I can go back to any previous. I can go back to any previous Delta and recover that version of the file. 156 00:18:59.459 --> 00:19:07.019 And I'll just show you for an example. Let me see here. Um. 157 00:19:08.219 --> 00:19:21.269 See, something. 158 00:19:22.348 --> 00:19:27.959 Okay, so these are check sums of all my last many, um. 159 00:19:27.959 --> 00:19:37.439 Last many times that I told it to save the state with somebody about it did. And so I could go back to any 1 of these and pull out the, um. 160 00:19:38.183 --> 00:19:51.834 I don't say 1 line, it's more detail. It goes the date. I committed it and so on that's the commit, which saves the stake and I can go back and pull out the file state at any time. So, it does, it does take space, but it can be considered to be worth it. 161 00:19:52.618 --> 00:20:03.358 And also, it runs its own private file system, and it compresses things. So it actually, if I have the 2 copies of the same file, then it. 162 00:20:03.358 --> 00:20:10.588 For example, to stores 1 and so on it. Okay. Let me show you how I would grab that repository. I'm just going to go and go. 163 00:20:10.588 --> 00:20:16.769 It's Nicole today I'll send my own directory. 164 00:20:16.769 --> 00:20:24.179 Let's grab this thing, I say, get clone. 165 00:20:27.598 --> 00:20:34.618 Okay, so it just did, um, it just closed. It is open to, um. 166 00:20:35.663 --> 00:20:40.463 If I said, get log, for example well, these are you see, what I did is I cloned it. 167 00:20:40.463 --> 00:20:51.173 So, now I've got a local copy, including all the history of the thing and get and if they should update to get help thing and I do, I can do a poll and I will pull it in the latest version. 168 00:20:52.709 --> 00:20:57.088 And now you could also just download, I mean, when when you're on here. 169 00:20:57.088 --> 00:21:06.239 Another thing you could do is, I could say I could go in here, I could just download a zip file and zip it, but that's a 1 time thing. 170 00:21:06.239 --> 00:21:10.588 Okay, I would do that. I would get a snapshot of, of the of this. 171 00:21:10.588 --> 00:21:20.249 Project at the time I downloaded it the thing with this is I got a continuing connection back to the project and get up and I can update it at any time. 172 00:21:20.249 --> 00:21:24.538 Any case that we can go into here examples. 173 00:21:26.128 --> 00:21:31.739 See, a child, Chris, or whatever. 174 00:21:31.739 --> 00:21:35.459 Very simple. We'll show that. 175 00:21:35.459 --> 00:21:44.818 The Grover algorithm in this open. Okay, so you can, if you like, you can brown rouse around that thing. 176 00:21:44.818 --> 00:21:52.888 What I did here is extracted into a temporary directory actually this year file system that I've got, um. 177 00:21:52.888 --> 00:21:56.729 This particular file system is built in Maine memory. 178 00:21:56.729 --> 00:22:01.439 So, let's just say it's fast. Okay. 179 00:22:01.439 --> 00:22:04.919 Back to you here so I showed you how to clone. 180 00:22:04.919 --> 00:22:17.038 Repository now, let me go back and show you. Well, I'll show you some examples servicing so I'll use the algorithm actually from IBM, quantum computing. 181 00:22:19.078 --> 00:22:22.828 So, they've got some also some very nice documentation here. 182 00:22:22.828 --> 00:22:27.929 And and what they do is that. 183 00:22:27.929 --> 00:22:32.939 So you can read it better, so you can browse around here have fun. 184 00:22:34.108 --> 00:22:37.769 I'll just show you some of these and so. 185 00:22:37.769 --> 00:22:49.648 The 0T here, cat just chose to cube it into his arrow state. That thing's not reversible. The gray operations and not reversible. So it's got 2, 2 events and it. 186 00:22:49.648 --> 00:22:53.759 Spreads out the probabilities with the operator. 187 00:22:53.759 --> 00:23:05.669 And the controlled, not just on the 1st, 1 says, and then the controlled dock and tangles some. And what we can do is they have a here. 188 00:23:05.669 --> 00:23:10.138 You can pass around a stay circuit here just with the. 189 00:23:10.138 --> 00:23:14.398 By giving the so what we see here is. 190 00:23:14.398 --> 00:23:17.848 This and again. 191 00:23:22.469 --> 00:23:31.888 Again, the watermark is 50 50, the pet will be in 1, and they're also putting this down. 192 00:23:33.689 --> 00:23:40.828 Purity reduce state point. 5, they're tangled and if we look up here you see of the 4. 193 00:23:40.828 --> 00:23:52.858 States and this sensor product, only 2 of them have non 0T probability 0 0T on 1, 1, 2 that are entangled. And if you move 1 cube at a 1000 miles away, if you can keep that. 194 00:23:52.858 --> 00:24:00.778 From hearing, it'll still be entangled, showed you that before, but let me show you some more. Oh, and they have a nice. 195 00:24:00.778 --> 00:24:08.038 Again, nice description of these things talk about this. Okay. 196 00:24:08.038 --> 00:24:12.358 And again, so you can have fun reading this and whatever. 197 00:24:12.358 --> 00:24:23.159 However, I also want to show you some other entangled States. There's other ways here and this is a wave and tangling. 198 00:24:23.159 --> 00:24:33.269 3 cube this does not mean gigahertz or even gigahertz. Okay this is the initials of the 3 people that wrote it up. 199 00:24:33.269 --> 00:24:37.169 So any case how you can combine. 200 00:24:37.169 --> 00:24:42.719 3, and we can open in a circuit composer. 201 00:24:42.719 --> 00:24:46.618 Ibm has spent some considerable effort to make. 202 00:24:46.618 --> 00:24:55.108 Easy for people to learn this. I like it. Okay. So the 3 Cubics are tangled. They're all tied together. 203 00:24:55.108 --> 00:24:59.038 And we could also, for example, use the circuit inspector. 204 00:24:59.038 --> 00:25:07.979 I showed you before and what that does, is it steps through this and it shows you the probabilities. 205 00:25:07.979 --> 00:25:13.469 After each thing, so, and you can step here so they're all. 206 00:25:13.469 --> 00:25:22.019 They're all 0T. Um, and the reason it's taking a 2nd to do this is it's actually simulating it. 207 00:25:22.019 --> 00:25:26.489 And so, okay, so this has. 208 00:25:26.489 --> 00:25:30.479 So you might say spread out 0. 209 00:25:30.479 --> 00:25:35.308 And then we, it transfers that. 210 00:25:35.308 --> 00:25:40.618 And now we have entangled the 1st, 2 cube bits, and we do this and then tangled them. 211 00:25:40.618 --> 00:25:45.689 Brought it in tank and with on the 3rd 1 so we can walk through with the inspector. 212 00:25:45.689 --> 00:25:48.989 And after we. 213 00:25:51.114 --> 00:25:59.634 So that happened to project down that way, and so on, okay, then kill the inspector because you can't edit when it's being inspected. Okay. 214 00:25:59.634 --> 00:26:08.213 So that's the way to entangle 3 cube beds, but there are better ways to do it, which, in a sense, make them more entangled. 215 00:26:08.548 --> 00:26:12.898 And and this is something like this. 216 00:26:12.898 --> 00:26:19.288 These are just 2 other quantum gates that haven't talked about that play games with the. 217 00:26:19.288 --> 00:26:23.848 Angle with the phase of the cube that rotated around in the block thing. 218 00:26:23.848 --> 00:26:27.239 Okay, so if I look at this 1 here. 219 00:26:27.239 --> 00:26:33.179 And so you see, it's got them entangled in this way. Um. 220 00:26:34.588 --> 00:26:39.628 They're in a sense are more in tangled here and oh, we can also see look at the. 221 00:26:39.628 --> 00:26:43.409 The probabilities and so here. 222 00:26:43.409 --> 00:26:49.979 I hear if you ignore 1 of the cube, the other 2 are still entangled in a more solid way. 223 00:26:49.979 --> 00:26:54.628 In some sense. So, this is might almost be preferable here. 224 00:26:56.669 --> 00:27:01.618 Okay, so that so. 225 00:27:09.628 --> 00:27:15.959 Oh, well, I just want to make sure can can somebody at least tell me can you still hear me? 226 00:27:18.088 --> 00:27:30.179 Yeah oh, good. I was worried. I mean, somebody called in, I couldn't tell if it was a student in class, we couldn't communicate otherwise or somebody trying to sell me a timeshare or whatever. Okay. 227 00:27:30.179 --> 00:27:37.618 So, in any case, so we have another way to entangled things. grover's algorithm. I'm going to. 228 00:27:38.939 --> 00:27:45.989 Postpone until later, this example is so simple that it. 229 00:27:45.989 --> 00:27:49.199 I can't see what's happening with it. Actually. 230 00:27:49.199 --> 00:27:54.298 So, that's the thing. Okay, what I want to show next is, um. 231 00:27:54.298 --> 00:27:59.729 The algorithm and to remind you what it is. 232 00:27:59.729 --> 00:28:04.048 It's like, I can pull up actually. 233 00:28:04.048 --> 00:28:08.189 Somewhere here the text of the. 234 00:28:10.973 --> 00:28:25.523 Well, I'll do it for for 2 variables. We've got an unknown function and bits in 1 pit out and we're told the function is either constant or it's balanced and balance means gives us 0T half the time and a 1 half the time. 235 00:28:26.153 --> 00:28:26.693 And. 236 00:28:28.108 --> 00:28:34.108 If we use the quantum computer, we can in 1 evaluation of the function, tell which it is. 237 00:28:34.108 --> 00:28:39.929 And actually. 238 00:28:39.929 --> 00:28:45.239 What I'll do is, I'll draw it for you and this is what's happening. 239 00:28:45.239 --> 00:28:51.269 But the 1st thing, let me go on a little bit how we have to get some sample functions. So. 240 00:28:52.648 --> 00:28:59.128 Okay, good. So. 241 00:29:01.469 --> 00:29:08.759 Okay, so the, what I'm showing is, I'm. 242 00:29:13.679 --> 00:29:20.548 Any function reversible function. 243 00:29:23.939 --> 00:29:30.659 Function adding. 244 00:29:30.659 --> 00:29:39.239 1 more input so the idea is that we have that box over there. 245 00:29:39.239 --> 00:29:43.558 Well, so what you is is. 246 00:29:45.479 --> 00:29:50.489 This is ex, coming in, and it's and it's wide. It just goes straight out. 247 00:29:50.489 --> 00:30:00.509 And we've got 1 more indicator function. Why it's 1 bit wide. And what goes out is why exclusively ORD with half a X. 248 00:30:00.509 --> 00:30:04.858 So example. 249 00:30:07.949 --> 00:30:14.308 Example of this. 250 00:30:14.308 --> 00:30:18.179 I don't know, let's let any equals to. 251 00:30:18.179 --> 00:30:25.108 And that's suppose f of access, put a vector in was. 252 00:30:25.108 --> 00:30:35.278 I don't know, I'm just function it's not going to be balanced or constant, but I'll, I'll give you an example of how it works and that's x0. 253 00:30:36.388 --> 00:30:39.898 Say and X1 or something. 254 00:30:39.898 --> 00:30:44.308 And then what you of f is then the output. 255 00:30:44.308 --> 00:30:55.558 Why Prime will be Y, exclusively x0T X1 and so on. Okay. So, let's pick something that I can put into the queue machine. Um. 256 00:30:55.558 --> 00:31:00.898 Let's say example, we want something let's just say. 257 00:31:00.898 --> 00:31:04.739 F, X is always, um. 258 00:31:04.739 --> 00:31:09.509 Is always 0T That'll be constant. Okay. So what you have is. 259 00:31:09.509 --> 00:31:16.798 So, why Prime is why exclusively ORD with half of X. 260 00:31:16.798 --> 00:31:19.828 Which is always 0T equals Y. 261 00:31:19.828 --> 00:31:26.128 Okay, so let me put that into the. 262 00:31:27.689 --> 00:31:34.828 Machine here no. 263 00:31:38.669 --> 00:31:47.128 Okay, we have lots of sample programs here. 264 00:31:49.409 --> 00:31:54.328 Okay, cool. I'll just make this. I'll start a new program, a new file. 265 00:31:55.558 --> 00:32:03.838 And we may call it. Okay. 266 00:32:03.838 --> 00:32:15.328 So, the way we do is to input fits and so, what we do is we had a March 0T Q1 for inputs in this. 267 00:32:15.328 --> 00:32:22.858 So, we had a marred on these 2. we do negate this so the control, it's always a 1. 268 00:32:22.858 --> 00:32:29.009 And I believe we had a market also. 269 00:32:30.628 --> 00:32:36.118 Now, right here, where I'm circling would be, you of half. 270 00:32:36.118 --> 00:32:39.868 The thing is, I picked such a simple example. 271 00:32:39.868 --> 00:32:47.999 You is the identity you see the 2 input? 1 goes straight through and Q2 it's. 272 00:32:47.999 --> 00:32:53.669 Nothing changes so so then I had in mind these 2 again. 273 00:32:55.499 --> 00:32:58.618 And do some tests. 274 00:33:01.048 --> 00:33:04.558 And what happened is that the output. 275 00:33:04.558 --> 00:33:09.358 2 0T is 0T all the time and this shows that this. 276 00:33:09.358 --> 00:33:12.959 Function in here, I can. 277 00:33:15.358 --> 00:33:20.098 Dysfunction here f, X all being 0T was a constant. 278 00:33:20.098 --> 00:33:23.429 Now, let me try a balanced function. 279 00:33:23.429 --> 00:33:30.148 So let's say so, that that was constant and we tie a balanced function. 280 00:33:31.919 --> 00:33:35.699 Let's say f, X equals X. 281 00:33:35.699 --> 00:33:39.568 Okay. 282 00:33:39.568 --> 00:33:43.108 Let me make a compliment of X. 283 00:33:43.108 --> 00:33:49.739 That's going to be balanced. Okay. So if I go over to here, what we're going to do is. 284 00:33:51.749 --> 00:33:56.519 We're going to let me just kill everything started again. 285 00:33:56.519 --> 00:34:08.579 The new 1 and 2. okay. So. 286 00:34:12.478 --> 00:34:18.088 Okay, so now here I'm going to have, um. 287 00:34:19.289 --> 00:34:24.659 This is where I'm circling, unfortunately, I can't put arbitrary graphics in here and. 288 00:34:24.659 --> 00:34:29.128 I don't know how to so where I'm circling right here is. 289 00:34:29.128 --> 00:34:35.699 Is going to be the sub aff, unitary version of half and half is just. 290 00:34:35.699 --> 00:34:41.248 Not X, so X will go straight through and why will be, um. 291 00:34:41.248 --> 00:34:50.789 Actually, so I can, this is not a scaler. What am I, my mind, I need a scale or here so let's say not X narrow or something. 292 00:34:50.789 --> 00:34:59.068 Okay, so now, what we'll have is why Prime is why is aboard with non. 293 00:34:59.068 --> 00:35:04.648 Okay, so let's go back here and see how you would do it. 294 00:35:09.239 --> 00:35:15.119 And so what this would mean is. 295 00:35:15.119 --> 00:35:24.478 We could use and a controlled notch here actually and the controlled not be controlled by x0. 296 00:35:24.478 --> 00:35:30.239 And well, or why let's say, so this, we have to add it. 297 00:35:30.239 --> 00:35:36.028 The inputs instead of being Q3 Q1, 2 2. 298 00:35:37.918 --> 00:35:42.659 Pull this over here and I see. 299 00:35:47.338 --> 00:35:57.059 So, if Q, so if 0T is 1 and complements why? But I actually want the opposite. If q's 0. 300 00:35:58.079 --> 00:36:02.938 And 0T compliment Y, oh, leave it at that. So it's just x0. 301 00:36:02.938 --> 00:36:07.079 But it is balanced. Okay so we. 302 00:36:09.298 --> 00:36:12.568 In this and measure. 303 00:36:17.813 --> 00:36:29.873 And what we look at the 1st, 1, and this is 1. so this shows that this function in here was, and let me pull that up. Very simple function over here is I took away the notch here. 304 00:36:30.329 --> 00:36:35.938 Is a balanced function, so on 1 evaluation, we could tell which it is. 305 00:36:37.228 --> 00:36:41.099 And could apply to many Gates. Okay. 306 00:36:45.659 --> 00:36:53.458 Let's see here. Okay. 307 00:36:53.458 --> 00:37:01.889 Back here, so I was showing I just showing a thing and I was showing many of the example circuits here again. 308 00:37:04.768 --> 00:37:14.219 Other points in here to talk about stuff that I've run through here. Um, you could also, as I mentioned, submitted. 309 00:37:16.228 --> 00:37:24.599 And I put it here, do many tabs open you might think. 310 00:37:26.818 --> 00:37:31.018 Okay, and again, of course, we could submit it. 311 00:37:31.018 --> 00:37:37.469 Um, to be run and so on. 312 00:37:37.469 --> 00:37:44.639 Okay. 313 00:37:44.639 --> 00:37:52.588 Now, connecting to Jupiter, these interactive Python notebooks that I've had some difficulty getting work actually. 314 00:37:52.588 --> 00:38:01.708 Okay, so 1, more thing, I'd like you to show, like to choice. That's the going faster than I thought. 315 00:38:01.708 --> 00:38:07.079 If I have open again, well, whatever. 316 00:38:07.079 --> 00:38:17.880 Just a 2nd okay. 317 00:38:19.380 --> 00:38:25.949 I also want to show you how we can do some simple arithmetic operations. 318 00:38:27.239 --> 00:38:39.510 With, um, just logic Gates, obviously, you know, that that's true because interest of particular chick unit does the rest of a ticket and it's got logic gates but I'll show some examples. 319 00:38:39.510 --> 00:38:45.000 With the quantum thing. 320 00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:51.210 And so, let me pull up. Well, this is what it looks like. 321 00:38:51.210 --> 00:38:55.829 What I'll do is, I'll start a new 1 and walk my way through this. I think. 322 00:38:58.710 --> 00:39:03.059 Yeah, so we actually want 4. 323 00:39:05.940 --> 00:39:09.599 And we negate things. 324 00:39:09.599 --> 00:39:15.090 Just to start things right and mess things up. 325 00:39:15.090 --> 00:39:20.010 In tangle stuff, or mix things up here. 326 00:39:21.239 --> 00:39:28.409 So, the point about the had a Marty again, is we now have if I look at the outputs. 327 00:39:28.409 --> 00:39:37.469 Measurement probabilities. You see, we have the superposition of the 16th day. Gates in each have equal probability. 328 00:39:37.469 --> 00:39:47.190 So so that's the function of the header Mar Gates. If we didn't do that, we'd have only 4 of them and we kill them and show you. 329 00:39:50.730 --> 00:39:55.260 Ok, so you see, if we don't do that, we have only 1. 330 00:39:55.260 --> 00:40:01.500 We don't we have no superposition. The stake here is that all 4 beds? 331 00:40:01.500 --> 00:40:09.179 Are 1, so there's only 1 part of the basis. States is non 0T probability and. 332 00:40:09.179 --> 00:40:18.510 We're not, we're doing a computation on 1 cube on 1 state value where to if I mix stuff up. 333 00:40:19.710 --> 00:40:27.059 Then what I'm doing. 334 00:40:27.059 --> 00:40:35.190 Is now the state of the system is a superposition of 16 states of all 16 basis States and now. 335 00:40:35.190 --> 00:40:41.280 Again, the thing I put on the blog on Monday is a linear system. It's like. 336 00:40:41.280 --> 00:40:53.969 Violence during or something, it can be in a superposition. It's fundamental. Maybe the fundamental might be a 1000 hurts. 1st harmonic 2000 hurts. 2nd harmonic 3000 hurts and the actual. 337 00:40:53.969 --> 00:41:08.369 State would be any combination linear combination of those 1000, you know, such a certain. I included a 1000 or certain 2000 or certain 3000 heard stuff like that up. And so now, what we've done is, we now have. 338 00:41:08.369 --> 00:41:12.599 16, um, the current state of the system. 339 00:41:12.599 --> 00:41:15.780 It's similar and these 16. 340 00:41:15.780 --> 00:41:22.980 Different States, which bind and binary guys, and and we are doing computations on all. 341 00:41:22.980 --> 00:41:28.619 On all 16 of them perhaps. Okay. So now, what we do is. 342 00:41:28.619 --> 00:41:34.050 On this and which for another 1 in. 343 00:41:34.050 --> 00:41:38.010 Well, I'll use that later. 344 00:41:41.699 --> 00:41:44.880 That's fine. I want to change around. 345 00:41:47.550 --> 00:41:52.800 Can for some more. 346 00:42:02.099 --> 00:42:05.610 And call it in some more. 347 00:42:07.260 --> 00:42:12.690 And, like this, and let's see what's happening here, come on over here. 348 00:42:12.690 --> 00:42:23.400 Well, over here. 349 00:42:23.400 --> 00:42:28.440 Another 1. 350 00:42:59.429 --> 00:43:04.739 Okay, so the so the input. 351 00:43:04.739 --> 00:43:11.309 Um, is these, this is the energy report, but injured expressed as. 352 00:43:11.309 --> 00:43:25.110 Just in binary here and I'll, I'll add not gates to make it do various things. So the input is 0T doesn't really get the right answer there. That's not in the group but if I make the input 1. 353 00:43:26.909 --> 00:43:30.210 Then it says the output is 7. 354 00:43:30.210 --> 00:43:37.380 Me actually. 355 00:43:37.380 --> 00:43:42.179 Okay, so. 356 00:43:42.179 --> 00:43:46.980 So, we have here. 357 00:43:46.980 --> 00:43:50.519 Is X output is. 358 00:43:50.519 --> 00:43:54.329 7 x15. 359 00:43:55.349 --> 00:43:58.679 So, basically, X and X, Prime. 360 00:43:58.679 --> 00:44:03.750 7 to 14 so okay. 361 00:44:03.750 --> 00:44:08.159 3 is 21 and 15 that would happen to 6. 362 00:44:08.159 --> 00:44:12.030 For 2008 month, 15, which is 13. 363 00:44:12.030 --> 00:44:17.429 5 is 35 515, which is 5. 364 00:44:17.429 --> 00:44:22.139 6 is 42, um. 365 00:44:22.139 --> 00:44:26.039 My 15, which is 12. 366 00:44:27.420 --> 00:44:37.920 7 is 4915, which is 4 and so on. It's a group under multiplication. Well, let's okay, so let's go over here and. 367 00:44:39.630 --> 00:44:49.139 Okay, so I put in 1 by adding a notch here. Let me make it. The input is 2. I'd expect to be 14 down here. 368 00:44:49.139 --> 00:44:52.440 And that is 14. see, 3. 369 00:44:54.269 --> 00:44:59.730 Then the output I would expect to see is 6 and not. 370 00:44:59.730 --> 00:45:04.650 What did I do wrong here? Cause I'm seeing output as 13 um. 371 00:45:04.650 --> 00:45:08.909 Plus, uh. 372 00:45:12.360 --> 00:45:21.300 3 times 7 is 2121. 115 is that's the trouble with demos. 373 00:45:23.519 --> 00:45:29.699 I have something wrong in this. Certainly try. Well, that's not 3. of course that that's for. 374 00:45:29.699 --> 00:45:33.360 Ah, 4 is. 375 00:45:33.360 --> 00:45:36.360 13 make input 8. 376 00:45:36.360 --> 00:45:39.420 8, I would expect. 377 00:45:39.420 --> 00:45:44.190 56 that would be 11. 378 00:45:44.190 --> 00:45:49.559 And that's 8. plus, let me make let me make it a 3. 379 00:45:52.110 --> 00:45:55.889 That is 3 and the output is 6 and so on. 380 00:45:55.889 --> 00:46:07.320 So this little circuit here, not even actually quantum. I could really data Mar, Gates on this and. 381 00:46:07.320 --> 00:46:15.000 It does multiplication in and an integer ring. 382 00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:18.420 So, which is part of the. 383 00:46:18.420 --> 00:46:21.750 1, little piece of shores algorithm. 384 00:46:23.670 --> 00:46:38.070 Okay, other stuff that is on the website. 385 00:46:38.070 --> 00:46:41.880 And. 386 00:46:41.880 --> 00:46:48.539 This is a page I want. Okay. They're talking about, but then I see here again, you see, you can click on and go into the circuit. 387 00:46:51.929 --> 00:46:56.699 Okay, so I've showed you this, um, inspection. 388 00:46:58.980 --> 00:47:04.769 And drag and drop, I showed you the code here and. 389 00:47:06.960 --> 00:47:15.449 You've seen this the number of shots again is how many times and all that last thing might even be available. Now let me take a look and see. 390 00:47:30.119 --> 00:47:35.010 I don't know what happened. That's okay. I'll go back to the. 391 00:47:35.010 --> 00:47:41.789 Any case circuits. 392 00:47:41.789 --> 00:47:45.510 The files are saved and so on, um. 393 00:47:45.510 --> 00:47:52.110 You can figure that all out to yourself. I showed you the various examples. 394 00:47:52.110 --> 00:47:56.880 The bell way to do in tangled States, but things get. 395 00:47:56.880 --> 00:48:01.230 These other states tangles to them better. 396 00:48:09.750 --> 00:48:15.449 The, um. 397 00:48:15.449 --> 00:48:20.760 I haven't showed you the color here is the is the phase for the. 398 00:48:20.760 --> 00:48:23.940 For the, the angle of 2 factor. 399 00:48:23.940 --> 00:48:31.980 Q, a bit and again, the blocks here, I haven't really talked about it much. 400 00:48:31.980 --> 00:48:37.469 It it's a way to visualize rotations and. 401 00:48:38.909 --> 00:48:46.800 We can actually rotate a cube it by any angle. It's, we'll get into the hard word later, but it's a circuit. 402 00:48:46.800 --> 00:48:55.260 Down in the machine, that's actually being excited by a microwave beam and the quantity. 403 00:48:55.260 --> 00:49:01.440 Of the, the, after the microwave theme, and the time affects how much the cubic rotates. 404 00:49:01.440 --> 00:49:14.190 And the thing is, you need a way to communicate with the circuits that are down at a 50 s of Calvin and hard. You want to minimize hard wires and microwaves are nice. 405 00:49:14.190 --> 00:49:17.429 In that sense and. 406 00:49:17.429 --> 00:49:24.929 Awesome you can go through you can read this on your own. 407 00:49:24.929 --> 00:49:28.289 Again, this is another very nice um. 408 00:49:30.150 --> 00:49:39.119 This is very nice description. Here. They've got some good writing and I like the point here to the physical, the system that's in a definite state, but it's randomly it's a. 409 00:49:39.119 --> 00:49:43.110 Definitely random. Maybe. Okay so you can. 410 00:49:44.670 --> 00:49:50.010 The house around this again, I think I've showed you enough. You get the idea. 411 00:49:50.010 --> 00:49:56.909 And interference, I haven't told you this particular operator here, so. 412 00:49:56.909 --> 00:50:02.099 Let me show you that next time, perhaps open it now and see what we get. 413 00:50:06.030 --> 00:50:10.800 It does, it's a slit it's like your young slit experiment so. 414 00:50:13.110 --> 00:50:16.800 I have some fun with it. Maybe. 415 00:50:18.840 --> 00:50:31.500 I didn't know what we're going to get. 416 00:50:33.570 --> 00:50:39.000 Nothing interesting in this case, but any case. 417 00:50:39.000 --> 00:50:47.789 They need to do the quantum phase. I haven't talked again. It's a vector. It's got an angle as well as a magnitude and. 418 00:50:47.789 --> 00:50:53.820 And these gates here that I've not talked to you about these gates. 419 00:50:53.820 --> 00:50:57.449 They rotate the vector so they. 420 00:50:57.449 --> 00:51:01.949 The Z gate just converts it adds. 421 00:51:01.949 --> 00:51:12.960 Buy to the angle and these rotate by smaller, smaller amounts and you can rotate by any angle. Let's need electrical engineering, allows you. So. 422 00:51:13.405 --> 00:51:14.695 And the thing is, 423 00:51:14.695 --> 00:51:16.795 the other gates are often expressed, 424 00:51:17.094 --> 00:51:19.614 these are closer to the actual hardware, 425 00:51:19.824 --> 00:51:29.125 these things down here and the other gates that are more useful for designing are actually implemented in terms of the of these gates. 426 00:51:29.125 --> 00:51:30.175 In many cases. 427 00:51:30.449 --> 00:51:40.800 So, and everything is because you got your Dubai 2 unitary matrix and so on, and they talk about it here. So. 428 00:51:43.260 --> 00:51:49.019 And you can have various things, so. 429 00:51:51.449 --> 00:51:55.320 Maybe look at that a little on on. 430 00:51:55.320 --> 00:51:59.340 On Thursday, and in a week on Monday or something. 431 00:51:59.340 --> 00:52:12.869 Advanced others saying this again getting and I'm just paging to this solely. We've had entanglement enough that I think you maybe understand it now. grover's algorithm. 432 00:52:12.869 --> 00:52:20.250 I waved my hands at you. I haven't showed you in detail how it works, but. 433 00:52:20.250 --> 00:52:30.449 We'll talk about it, but it is a powerful trick. And again, I was talking around this and I was describing it, but I wasn't going into how it worked. 434 00:52:30.449 --> 00:52:34.650 And the thing is that you have coming in, so we. 435 00:52:34.650 --> 00:52:38.280 You know, we superimpose everything, so now we've got. 436 00:52:38.280 --> 00:52:45.480 To the end state superimpose all with equal probability and then we apply an operator that. 437 00:52:45.480 --> 00:52:57.030 Changes the probabilities it increases the probability of the answer because 1 of those 2 to the and say, if it's for 1 of those 16 Gates is the answer. It's the input. 438 00:52:57.030 --> 00:53:00.030 Do grover's article, which makes the output true. 439 00:53:00.030 --> 00:53:11.730 Pulling in Oracle, it's a black box. We don't know what's inside. And so 1 of those 60 inputs is true. So we apply an operator on those 16, Super post. 440 00:53:11.730 --> 00:53:25.829 States basis states that increases the, the amplitude of the correct 1 and decrease the aptitude of the others called absolute amplification and we'll talk. You can read this and we can talk about it more. 441 00:53:25.829 --> 00:53:31.559 This is just repeating so, again, content or balance and an input. 442 00:53:31.559 --> 00:53:35.250 Um, we could play with this thing. 443 00:53:36.269 --> 00:53:40.139 Pays estimation, and, um. 444 00:53:40.139 --> 00:53:49.320 These are ways we want to try to find the angle. So here we want a measurement operator, which determines the angle of the cube bit. 445 00:53:49.320 --> 00:53:53.070 Perhaps, or at least give some idea of pick. 446 00:53:53.070 --> 00:53:59.429 And talk about it there and I'll talk about it later and Charlie's algorithm. 447 00:54:01.199 --> 00:54:05.639 So, and we'll talk about it, but. 448 00:54:05.639 --> 00:54:12.989 Quantum lab, um, and again it again is running it on your own. 449 00:54:12.989 --> 00:54:17.969 See, you later on your own computer and this is well, let me I've, um. 450 00:54:20.820 --> 00:54:29.820 Yeah, let me hit this, um, a little since I clicked through to it. So the, the kids get has these various components you can, um. 451 00:54:29.820 --> 00:54:44.280 You can read a chair pulse of them and talk about that's initializing the cube. It's what you get here is an idea that noise is important. Yes, it is getting a message here. 452 00:54:44.280 --> 00:54:48.360 And, okay. 453 00:54:48.360 --> 00:54:58.050 And that's basically the material for today I finished a little earlier than I expected SaaS day around if there's questions but they're showing you this. So. 454 00:54:58.050 --> 00:55:06.989 Again, what the content for today just review 1st, introduced you to another major player. 455 00:55:06.989 --> 00:55:15.239 And in the quantum computing industry, the way they get press, they're building. 456 00:55:15.239 --> 00:55:22.530 Things with 2000 cube, but you need to understand they're not doing quantum computing as IBM and Google. 457 00:55:22.855 --> 00:55:37.824 Understand quantum computing is solving a different problem called the kneeling and annealing means you're trying to you're optimizing a function and what makes it non trivial is it may be an integer function and these things are much harder 458 00:55:37.824 --> 00:55:42.085 to optimize and because they're not continuous around the device manager, 459 00:55:42.414 --> 00:55:44.605 so they're much harder to optimize than. 460 00:55:46.469 --> 00:55:50.159 Then real valued functions and so. 461 00:55:51.625 --> 00:55:58.885 And there's a number of cases where problems are actually undecided when they're restricted as the energy domain. 462 00:55:58.885 --> 00:56:07.045 But they've decided if they're in the real domain and there's other cases where some problem, if it might be decided on both the editors and the reels. 463 00:56:07.650 --> 00:56:15.539 Decide if the variables can be reels might take exponential time, but with integers would take double exponential time. So. 464 00:56:15.539 --> 00:56:29.130 Okay, so you can send that you'll understand them and you can form your own opinions other intros to, um, cube bits, other nice descriptions and then seeing examples of some non trivial circuits in. 465 00:56:29.130 --> 00:56:32.400 On the IBM Q and machine and so. 466 00:56:32.400 --> 00:56:40.800 And also how we can do a little arithmetic, just as logic gates and because at this point, 6, this is not even, um. 467 00:56:40.800 --> 00:56:45.389 Quantum business logic itself, but it will be used in short. 468 00:56:45.389 --> 00:56:49.889 Okay, so I am open to. 469 00:56:49.889 --> 00:56:56.789 Any questions now, and I'll hang around if people have any questions. 470 00:56:56.789 --> 00:57:02.429 And we'll see how next week goes and try to project stuff and. 471 00:57:03.480 --> 00:57:08.820 And have fun. Yeah. So if you. 472 00:57:08.820 --> 00:57:14.579 Questions just unmute your Mike's and speak up. So. 473 00:57:20.309 --> 00:57:29.639 For the presentations, would you like us to submit the PowerPoint and video before class is presented during class plan? It's our term. 474 00:57:29.639 --> 00:57:36.690 It's probably easier if you just present, you present it to yourself if you wish to. 475 00:57:36.690 --> 00:57:43.500 You know, you could submit something in advance and you play it or I play it or you can just do it like. 476 00:57:45.030 --> 00:57:52.199 And it shouldn't be fun doing it. Whichever I would say live is better practice. 477 00:57:52.199 --> 00:57:57.869 Some conferences which go virtual I'm kind of a workshop. 478 00:57:57.869 --> 00:58:00.989 And. 479 00:58:00.989 --> 00:58:04.349 Doing some little spatial. 480 00:58:05.519 --> 00:58:09.840 Algorithms that will be part of. 481 00:58:09.840 --> 00:58:16.739 Spatial in November, and they're requiring speakers to be live not to submit. 482 00:58:16.739 --> 00:58:23.670 Other cases the past forward things that a lot of conferences have required the speakers to submit to minute. 483 00:58:25.230 --> 00:58:28.289 So, I answered by not answering. 484 00:58:34.500 --> 00:58:39.929 If you want a real example of a conference or something that has. 485 00:58:39.929 --> 00:58:54.659 Real quick requires a real quick summary. Some of the speakers, there's something called the noble awards there, parodies of the real Nobel awards, and they give, I think 1T dollar. 486 00:58:55.014 --> 00:59:05.815 Prizes to all the speakers, Zimbabwe dollars, but they're still a 1T any case they require each speaker to give 24 7 summary of his or her talk at 24. 487 00:59:06.474 --> 00:59:10.045 7 summary is you 1st give the long summary in 24 seconds? 488 00:59:11.550 --> 00:59:14.909 Then the short summaries and 7 words. 489 00:59:14.909 --> 00:59:22.710 So, I won't require you to do that here. 490 00:59:22.710 --> 00:59:30.719 Any other questions well, I'll keep this thing running for a little while longer just in case any 1. 491 00:59:30.719 --> 00:59:36.389 You know, feel free to hang up and go away and. 492 00:59:36.389 --> 00:59:40.619 You know, start working on your other courses, but if your. 493 00:59:40.619 --> 00:59:43.889 Want to spend a few minutes thinking before you. 494 00:59:43.889 --> 00:59:47.190 Speak up I'll keep everything live. 495 00:59:48.300 --> 00:59:51.719 Other than that, I'll be listening to you 1 day. 496 01:00:28.945 --> 01:00:37.014 That's the most aggressive JavaScript matches I've ever seen enabled JavaScript before you're allowed to see the page. This is the way. 497 01:01:21.000 --> 01:01:24.599 Do you wait system is on the cloud so you can, um. 498 01:01:26.340 --> 01:01:29.760 You could have fun with that, or I, maybe I can mention it in class. 499 01:01:30.355 --> 01:01:30.744 So, 500 01:01:30.775 --> 01:01:51.144 Eva, 501 01:01:51.144 --> 01:01:51.715 of course. 502 01:02:29.605 --> 01:02:34.074 These articles a little non technical it's my nineties check review. 503 01:02:58.530 --> 01:03:08.219 Here's something else where quantum computing might be used to do satisfy ability so, visibility and experiment, which input? Values for policy output to be. True. 504 01:03:10.110 --> 01:03:15.570 And you can do that in parallel, then we've got something useful. So. 505 01:03:25.769 --> 01:03:29.550 I present this to the class at some point. It looks interesting. 506 01:03:32.489 --> 01:03:38.280 And rotation things, so okay by different angles. 507 01:03:41.429 --> 01:03:42.210 Summary 508 01:04:19.195 --> 01:04:20.094 okay Thank you. 509 01:04:20.215 --> 01:04:20.875 Everyone. 510 01:04:21.150 --> 01:04:28.530 And, okay, and let's you have any questions, Joseph and. 511 01:04:31.289 --> 01:04:33.750 I'll be signing off in a minute then.