WEBVTT 1 00:01:45.084 --> 00:01:46.224 No, can you hear me. 2 00:01:49.680 --> 00:01:57.120 Thank you. Okay, good afternoon. This would be class number 9. 3 00:01:57.120 --> 00:02:08.159 What I want to do is make this this is largely a chance a lab chance for you to work on. The things that I showed on Thursday. I'll review them today. And if you have. 4 00:02:08.159 --> 00:02:11.550 Computers in front of you more than just some sort of, you know. 5 00:02:11.550 --> 00:02:16.620 Video conferencing device, if you do it now during the class and. 6 00:02:16.620 --> 00:02:21.960 You know, show me your screen if you've got problems, then I'll try to make up answers. 7 00:02:21.960 --> 00:02:25.379 So, we can, we can work with stuff. 8 00:02:25.379 --> 00:02:28.800 But 1st, some announcements and things. 9 00:02:28.800 --> 00:02:35.340 Make this bigger for now and I have a chat window open so that. 10 00:02:35.340 --> 00:02:43.860 You can chat questions I just have to look over and see it. It's off to my side. Slightly is all okay. 11 00:02:43.860 --> 00:02:48.300 1st thing IBM has quantum internships. 12 00:02:48.300 --> 00:02:51.750 And so those of you are interested. 13 00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:55.050 Then I encourage you to apply. 14 00:02:55.050 --> 00:02:58.379 That's their queue machine there. 1 of them. 15 00:02:58.379 --> 00:03:07.800 And I may actually be selective, but give it a try. And when it comes to the point of reference letter has to be glad to. So. 16 00:03:07.800 --> 00:03:13.979 The deadline trap with applying is actually coming up quite soon. 17 00:03:13.979 --> 00:03:18.870 Um, so let's see. 18 00:03:20.280 --> 00:03:25.860 I yeah, I think, you know, on a mobile student. 19 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:34.080 Okay, you can. Okay, so the deadline is actually in about 5 weeks, November 2nd. 20 00:03:34.080 --> 00:03:46.889 So, if anyone's interested in applying to become an intern at IBM next summer, in quantum computing, try no charge for applying, and they will possibly be online. 21 00:03:46.889 --> 00:03:52.020 So any case you can have fun with that some IBM internship. 22 00:03:53.724 --> 00:04:06.115 The next point is that the circuits that I simulated last time, I remember I showed you 2 things last time. Well, let me if I'm not making you seasick. 23 00:04:06.354 --> 00:04:08.935 If I can go back to last Thursday. 24 00:04:09.210 --> 00:04:17.339 And there were 2 sites that I showed, you just get dot org. 25 00:04:17.339 --> 00:04:29.459 Has software that you can install on your machine, although it may call back to IBM at some point. So, this is Python stuff that you can do simulators in. 26 00:04:29.459 --> 00:04:33.209 And I show and got tutorials and stuff like that. 27 00:04:33.209 --> 00:04:43.079 So the 2nd site, I showed you, and the kids get stuff. It's actually somewhere on get hub so you can download the source and all that cool stuff. 28 00:04:44.723 --> 00:04:57.593 The 2nd site that I showed, you was an IBM itself, and that was dragging and dropping quantum programs quantum circuits. Same thing to run on 1 of the IBM computers itself. 29 00:04:57.593 --> 00:05:02.603 So I'll review some of that now but those were the 2 sites. There is the Python. 30 00:05:03.178 --> 00:05:07.228 Pro simulator program and then the actual. 31 00:05:07.228 --> 00:05:10.649 Quantum IBM quantum computer. 32 00:05:10.649 --> 00:05:16.199 You scroll back if I told you fast and so on, you know, give me a shout out. 33 00:05:16.199 --> 00:05:20.548 Okay, so I have here, uh. 34 00:05:20.548 --> 00:05:26.218 Well, let me mention this some of that I'm going to put little points down here. Superposition. 35 00:05:26.218 --> 00:05:34.978 It sounds complicated, but if you think a differential equations, where linear ones, so if you have. 36 00:05:34.978 --> 00:05:42.119 2 solutions to the equation, you can add those 2 solutions and, um, get another solution. 37 00:05:42.119 --> 00:05:53.454 Um, ignoring the term term on the other side and so on. But basically, so that you can pack, you can have a set of basis basis set of solutions. 38 00:05:53.754 --> 00:06:06.684 Then every legal solution is linear combo of solutions from the spaces that now, as I'm talking to you. I'm thinking of exceptions and complications and so on, but it's ignoring those. Well. 39 00:06:07.319 --> 00:06:12.598 So, our quantum state, they are. 40 00:06:12.598 --> 00:06:16.048 Basically, I can vectors of. 41 00:06:16.973 --> 00:06:31.463 Of some physical system equation ultimately, and it's a linear equation. So this is sort of the mathematical physical reason. You can Super impose quantum states and get another legal quantum state because. 42 00:06:31.769 --> 00:06:41.309 You know, their linear combos of I can factors of basis vectors. So that's superposition. Mathematically physically. 43 00:06:41.309 --> 00:06:49.439 Okay, getting back to some of the kids get circuits that I showed you. Um, the nice thing about the simulator. 44 00:06:49.439 --> 00:06:54.298 Is that sorry? Not the simulator. The real 1. 45 00:06:54.298 --> 00:07:01.408 So this will be a chance to review that actually, is they give a. 46 00:07:01.408 --> 00:07:06.329 So, I showed you 4 circuits in class last time. 47 00:07:06.329 --> 00:07:11.309 And this will be a chance to review this actually. 48 00:07:11.309 --> 00:07:16.439 And play with it maybe. Okay, so you have here. 49 00:07:16.439 --> 00:07:28.199 Up here, you lay out your circuit, you drag and drop elements you speak for the way you park there down at the bottom is a measurement thing and. 50 00:07:28.199 --> 00:07:36.028 So, what I can do is, let me just take the simple 1 and I can click on something, let's say, and delete it. For example. 51 00:07:36.028 --> 00:07:40.889 Something like that now. 52 00:07:40.889 --> 00:07:49.019 What we have at the right here is a little graphic, which says something about the value of the cube bit at this point and. 53 00:07:49.019 --> 00:07:55.048 It got, it has the phase for the same. Just haven't really been talking about much because the thing is, if you rotate. 54 00:07:55.254 --> 00:08:06.204 Change the phase, it doesn't change anything measurable. So okay, so we got that the probability of this thing is a 1, it's 0T, because it was initially a 0T thing here and didn't do anything until we just measured it. 55 00:08:06.204 --> 00:08:18.084 So, it's still probably is 0T and purity means that how entangled it is with other stuff. And this is just a straight status not in tangled. Now, this here Q1. 56 00:08:19.889 --> 00:08:25.798 Since I put the had Omar gate in here, and the head of our gate mixes things up and. 57 00:08:26.879 --> 00:08:38.729 If you've got more than 1 bit, and now tangles them so, this here, this is the reduced state is still pure exists this 1 bit. We haven't tangled anything else, but probably being a 1 is 50%. 58 00:08:38.729 --> 00:08:41.818 I could drag this back in here. 59 00:08:43.019 --> 00:08:47.428 Now, this is also probably the 1 main 50%. 60 00:08:47.428 --> 00:08:55.828 And what we have down here, there are 4 basis States. You've got 2 cube beds. So the tense of product of the 4th phases, it's equally probable. 61 00:08:55.828 --> 00:09:06.688 Walks to sphere blocks here. I haven't found that that interesting. You may disagree with me you're free to think about it. 62 00:09:06.688 --> 00:09:11.788 And that's the major. What else did we not viewed here? 63 00:09:14.399 --> 00:09:23.038 Just dusting sideways state factor. Probabilities doesn't actually show anything. Now in this case. 64 00:09:24.538 --> 00:09:33.869 Basically and share that. So I sent myself a URL. It's very simple thing. A more complicated circuit. 65 00:09:35.639 --> 00:09:41.908 Circuit to put in this. 66 00:09:41.908 --> 00:09:46.469 Exchange gate here and so on. 67 00:09:47.519 --> 00:10:00.269 And circuit 3 exchange and measuring everything and so on nothing much happened there. 68 00:10:01.798 --> 00:10:07.583 And circuit 4 yeah, 69 00:10:08.063 --> 00:10:08.244 well, 70 00:10:08.244 --> 00:10:18.293 here I did is I put 2 knots at the start here and had a March so I mixed up q0T and then we can look here. 71 00:10:19.078 --> 00:10:26.578 So, the purity of the state is because things are now getting mixed up by the other Gates spirit to reduce state. Um. 72 00:10:29.609 --> 00:10:35.548 Yeah, things are all mixed up. Um, I could add another habit gauge and so on. 73 00:10:38.068 --> 00:10:48.089 Now, this probability of being a 1 at 75 per, say, here, you can work it out. We've got 3 possible States and things. Okay. Other stuff you can do here. 74 00:10:48.089 --> 00:11:02.394 Is spec means you can look at the state after any gate the gate that's in a box that's after that Gates after that gate Hughes arrows along the other towards 0T. 75 00:11:02.663 --> 00:11:05.364 We're reading the civil war to zeros the rights in Q1 2. 76 00:11:06.958 --> 00:11:13.769 Okay, um, and we step forward 1 step, um. 77 00:11:17.369 --> 00:11:24.719 Let's see here. 78 00:11:30.028 --> 00:11:39.869 To go here is here, so our hour after that, we've mixed up cues at Q1. So now it's 2 States step again. 79 00:11:39.869 --> 00:11:43.408 Complimented you too. 80 00:11:43.408 --> 00:11:47.129 Adam, we mix things up. Okay. So. 81 00:11:47.129 --> 00:11:50.129 Poor States now, home, nicely, mixed up. 82 00:11:50.129 --> 00:11:54.298 Um, after this. 83 00:11:54.298 --> 00:11:58.678 And so and now we start, so you can step your way through. 84 00:11:58.678 --> 00:12:08.458 Actually, come with you, I'd like to switch the order of things around somewhat now. So I'd like you to do. Now actually is. 85 00:12:09.629 --> 00:12:13.318 I'd like you to try this sort of thing now. 86 00:12:13.318 --> 00:12:18.448 So you got to do is, I'll walk you through, you go to this website here. 87 00:12:22.078 --> 00:12:28.979 And so you want to do is create yourself an IBM at account. 88 00:12:32.068 --> 00:12:37.708 And don't use my suggestion, because you don't know the create an account and so on. 89 00:12:37.708 --> 00:12:41.969 Okay, so. 90 00:12:41.969 --> 00:12:45.028 Class create yourself an account. 91 00:13:18.053 --> 00:13:19.374 Tell me how it's going. 92 00:13:36.839 --> 00:13:51.839 If you're wondering how, you know, my IBM ID, which is, which is IBM Franklin dot Org the thing is I own that whole domain. I've owned it for more than 10 years. So I can just have unique user names under that domain. So. 93 00:14:42.928 --> 00:14:46.109 Isaac, how are you. 94 00:15:13.283 --> 00:15:14.423 Anyone else. 95 00:15:18.328 --> 00:15:22.678 Questions problems wake up. 96 00:15:22.678 --> 00:15:26.129 Morning. 97 00:15:27.448 --> 00:15:30.629 Where should you go after creating your account? 98 00:15:30.629 --> 00:15:33.958 Okay, well it can log in. 99 00:15:43.948 --> 00:15:47.249 In a 2nd, here. 100 00:16:01.408 --> 00:16:05.219 Just log myself out or something just a 2nd. 101 00:16:08.219 --> 00:16:09.594 Give me a minute here. 102 00:17:10.963 --> 00:18:13.693 Silence. 103 00:18:39.743 --> 00:18:40.493 Okay. 104 00:19:04.078 --> 00:19:08.578 Okay, so yes. 105 00:19:09.719 --> 00:19:18.749 So, I'd like to do is, let's play around, you could follow along me or do something yourself. Um, let me start a new circuit. Maybe. 106 00:19:18.749 --> 00:19:22.229 We go over to the left here circuit composer. 107 00:19:22.229 --> 00:19:26.368 Um, out of circuit here 1 bit. 108 00:19:26.368 --> 00:19:29.368 You can follow Tara I could just walk you through something. 109 00:19:29.368 --> 00:19:34.919 A 0T drag and maybe a, not a. 110 00:19:36.388 --> 00:19:40.138 Now, that's the 1, for example. 111 00:19:40.138 --> 00:19:44.878 I could do something really simple. I could have a controlled knock here. 112 00:19:49.558 --> 00:19:55.078 Now, so what this shows is 2 0T is the 1 Q1. So 1, if I remove that. 113 00:19:57.269 --> 00:20:00.269 Sarah, because it did not Q1, for example. 114 00:20:00.269 --> 00:20:05.368 Um, if I go ahead, are margin here. 115 00:20:05.368 --> 00:20:14.999 This is interesting. We have just entangled those 2 bits. You see the 2 output states have non 0T probabilities. 116 00:20:14.999 --> 00:20:20.878 They choose their own Q1 are following each other. They are now entangled if I look on the right. 117 00:20:20.878 --> 00:20:24.598 Um, purity of the reduced state is a half, so. 118 00:20:24.598 --> 00:20:27.959 Something simple like this or. 119 00:20:41.818 --> 00:20:49.138 He tried again, so again, what I did is from the basic. 120 00:20:50.308 --> 00:20:54.388 Um, here I went over here. 121 00:20:55.439 --> 00:21:00.358 Target composer, and let's say new and do a new circuit. 122 00:21:03.719 --> 00:21:07.108 And it's by default as 3 cube beds. 123 00:21:07.108 --> 00:21:14.669 I don't know, let's put in 1 of these control the swaps here. 124 00:21:16.318 --> 00:21:23.338 Okay, and let me put something on Q2. I'm going to make it a, not. 125 00:21:23.338 --> 00:21:30.898 Okay, so it's a 1 and everything else is there. Now, let me negate to. 126 00:21:30.898 --> 00:21:36.388 0T now you to switch you see what it's done now. 127 00:21:36.388 --> 00:21:39.598 Is it now swaps? Q1 and. 128 00:21:40.618 --> 00:21:44.128 Do 1 in Q2, for example. 129 00:21:44.128 --> 00:21:48.179 You can run it at least 1 measure. 130 00:21:48.179 --> 00:21:59.009 Okay, even entangling anything. Um. 131 00:21:59.693 --> 00:22:13.733 For fun well, let me mess things up a little. 132 00:22:13.733 --> 00:22:16.733 Let me go ahead of my age and. 133 00:22:20.368 --> 00:22:28.949 I see entangled stuff. Actually, this is how you entangled things had Amar, gaydon, some controlled swab or controlled, not or controlled whatever. 134 00:22:31.919 --> 00:22:46.499 Okay, Eva. 135 00:22:48.509 --> 00:22:54.838 What I do too many. I'm killing sign. I don't want to run. 136 00:22:56.578 --> 00:23:03.808 Yeah, I was running I don't want to submit the same job many times, but. 137 00:23:06.929 --> 00:23:10.739 Okay. 138 00:23:19.108 --> 00:23:23.638 Let's take a look at who are some people here? 139 00:23:25.919 --> 00:23:34.409 Connor, how are you doing? Everyone is. 140 00:23:34.409 --> 00:23:39.778 Mute, um, anyone. 141 00:23:39.778 --> 00:23:43.378 The Han. 142 00:23:49.949 --> 00:23:53.098 How are you doing questions problems. 143 00:23:56.818 --> 00:24:05.278 Doing fine yourself great. Really interesting how it lets us create this program. So cleanly in this user interface. 144 00:24:05.278 --> 00:24:10.588 Yeah, who is, you know, can be nicer than command line sometimes to start. 145 00:24:12.058 --> 00:24:16.348 Especially with something so alien. 146 00:24:16.348 --> 00:24:19.618 Oh, it's like you're paying tuition for it to. 147 00:24:19.618 --> 00:24:24.058 Or nearly and stuff, so definitely. 148 00:24:27.929 --> 00:24:37.949 Well, you're going through stuff let me oh, the 1 thing I forgot to show you. I'm jumping back and forth. Where are we here? 149 00:24:38.999 --> 00:24:48.118 Oh, yeah, I forgot to show you roadmap. 150 00:24:51.388 --> 00:24:56.189 Kay and no, this is dated like, 2 weeks ago. So. 151 00:24:57.209 --> 00:25:00.239 I can't say I'm getting out of date stuff. Um. 152 00:25:01.709 --> 00:25:05.128 You can read it um. 153 00:25:05.128 --> 00:25:10.618 And at some point, I'll tell you about the hardware, you can read yourself. 154 00:25:10.618 --> 00:25:19.318 The way they get down to these temperatures the reason they want low. Okay there are lots of different possible ways. You might implement. 155 00:25:19.318 --> 00:25:27.838 2 bits and the jury's still out on what's the good way to the best way to do it? We're still early times. 156 00:25:27.838 --> 00:25:38.999 You know, it's like, you implement private vehicles, you could use gasoline engines, diesel engine, electric cars or something. Okay. So different ways here. 157 00:25:40.048 --> 00:25:44.638 Ibm is using these circuits that run it like a 150 of Calvin. 158 00:25:44.638 --> 00:25:49.588 And the reason you want low temperatures. 159 00:25:49.588 --> 00:25:54.568 Is you have to keep these Cubics isolated from the rest of the world? 160 00:25:54.983 --> 00:26:07.134 Because if they interact with the rest of the well, there's 2 things that they interact with the rest of the world, they'll exchange information, and they'll, they'll collapse. It's like you're being observed. That's 1 problem. 161 00:26:07.403 --> 00:26:16.463 The 2nd problem is there's internal noise in the circuits and thermal noise, whatever, and the lower the temperature, the lower. 162 00:26:18.538 --> 00:26:21.538 Lower the temperature the last noise there is. 163 00:26:21.538 --> 00:26:25.618 So the way lower, the temperature of a system. 164 00:26:25.618 --> 00:26:37.374 Is you have some face change that absorbs heat? Like the air conditioner in my in my house they've got that preferred. Joe drivers are for Kenny. I don't even know what it is nowadays. 165 00:26:37.884 --> 00:26:47.394 And as they lower the pressure on it, inside the house, it boils from a liquid to gas. And as that. 166 00:26:47.669 --> 00:27:01.794 Takes energy, so it absorbs heat and that takes the heat out of the house. So the fate, but they can't use boiling down to the fiftieth of a Calvin because there's nothing that boils. That's had low temperature. 167 00:27:02.273 --> 00:27:02.993 Everything's a little. 168 00:27:04.229 --> 00:27:12.628 And so 1 thing, which is used that some temperatures, the coldest boiling point would be helium. 169 00:27:12.628 --> 00:27:16.199 Or here, which is like, 4, Calvin, whatever. 170 00:27:16.199 --> 00:27:24.929 And so 1 page change, they use it lower temperatures. They use was paired magnetic, solid molecule salt. 171 00:27:24.929 --> 00:27:37.584 And the idea is that if you put a magnetic field, the molecules line up, and that has less entropy. So they get a little they get a little hotter. I'll see you, then you can pull them down. 172 00:27:37.584 --> 00:27:41.903 But the healing, let's say, and then you remove them NetIQ fail. They underline. 173 00:27:42.209 --> 00:27:46.709 And they absorb some heat, so that's 1 way to get things. 174 00:27:46.709 --> 00:27:52.138 Below the boiling point for helium, but that's not good enough here. 175 00:27:52.138 --> 00:27:55.378 What they do here is that they, um. 176 00:27:56.423 --> 00:28:09.804 Use helium, they dilute helium 3 into helium 4 and they mix them together and start with pure helium 3 mix it into helium 4. I believe you can correct me if I technical errors and. 177 00:28:11.878 --> 00:28:16.739 That absorbs heat and by doing that, they can get the temperature lower. 178 00:28:16.739 --> 00:28:31.499 It works, these things are all thermodynamic incredibly inefficient. Of course, the other thing is that helium 3 is not free, so probably look it up. 179 00:28:36.568 --> 00:28:40.409 I want to see the 3 cost. 180 00:28:40.409 --> 00:28:47.068 Okay, so 100 kilos is 140M dollars. 181 00:28:47.068 --> 00:28:50.909 Helium 3, so. 182 00:28:52.528 --> 00:28:55.709 And you wonder how many kills is really 3? Do they have. 183 00:28:55.709 --> 00:29:00.088 Okay, getting back to the status thing. So. 184 00:29:01.259 --> 00:29:04.259 Uh, so they currently have, um. 185 00:29:06.749 --> 00:29:11.038 They have a 2007 queue, but, um, computer. 186 00:29:11.038 --> 00:29:14.909 And be able to the public and what else are they doing? 187 00:29:14.909 --> 00:29:19.499 Who this month they released a 65 Cuban. 188 00:29:19.499 --> 00:29:23.219 Are you a 65 to bit? 189 00:29:23.219 --> 00:29:26.398 Processor, um. 190 00:29:29.878 --> 00:29:38.759 And lots of other hardware next year there basically, there are a lot, I don't know what you call it, find Winslow or something, because Richard find when actually. 191 00:29:38.759 --> 00:29:41.878 Proposed quantum computing. 192 00:29:41.878 --> 00:29:45.148 Here from theoretical principles before. 193 00:29:45.148 --> 00:29:52.138 Anyone thought to build 1, even how you implemented it. So, in a year 127 cube, it. 194 00:29:54.118 --> 00:30:00.959 Um, 2 years in 3 years, they're going to have a 1000 cube at. 195 00:30:00.959 --> 00:30:06.084 Processor, okay, while they're trying to lower errors. 196 00:30:06.413 --> 00:30:19.673 The problem is, like I said, errors creep in because of interaction with the outside world and internal noise, and you get a coherence time after a certain amount of time you've got so much noise. The circuit is useless. That's here in time you want to make it longer. 197 00:30:19.949 --> 00:30:28.798 Yeah, so so they're figuring 1121 Cubics in 3 years. 198 00:30:28.798 --> 00:30:41.489 And now, remember, the state is 2 to the 1121. this is a nice amount of state. So they are maybe going to be able to do things faster on this on the conventional computer. 199 00:30:41.489 --> 00:30:47.429 You can have fun with that. I'm good. I Lucian refrigerator. So. 200 00:30:47.429 --> 00:30:58.409 Okay, so you can have fun reading about reading about some of this. Another thing they're doing here I mentioned earlier it's not in this. 201 00:30:59.939 --> 00:31:10.108 And this particular document is, they're trying to trying it, they're succeeding and combining quantum, separate, quantum computers. 202 00:31:10.108 --> 00:31:21.568 So, if you've got 2, 5 quantum computers to untangle them together and make a 10 minute computer effectively, so you'd Teleport a cube bit from the 1 machine to the other machine. 203 00:31:21.568 --> 00:31:24.959 And, okay, IBM. 204 00:31:26.189 --> 00:31:33.179 On that that's the road map here. 205 00:31:33.179 --> 00:31:38.818 Any more questions. 206 00:31:40.888 --> 00:31:43.919 Is this. 207 00:31:43.919 --> 00:31:48.538 I mean, embarrass a few more people, David, you who? By not. 208 00:31:48.538 --> 00:31:56.818 2nd, I not called on a. 209 00:31:57.898 --> 00:32:01.499 Can you call it? 210 00:32:04.709 --> 00:32:10.048 Case down the list, a little Nick. 211 00:32:14.519 --> 00:32:21.118 Anyone all good. Okay. And feel free to unmute your Mike and talk. 212 00:32:21.118 --> 00:32:24.479 Well, the other thing is today I'm using a. 213 00:32:24.479 --> 00:32:28.709 A headset as you can see. So if there's any opinions. 214 00:32:28.709 --> 00:32:35.909 On on here, so on, does it improve the quality you know. 215 00:32:37.138 --> 00:32:41.638 Especially on a job, you think okay, let me go back and see. 216 00:32:44.368 --> 00:32:54.509 Let me look at my jobs here, come on. 217 00:32:56.038 --> 00:32:59.189 Okay, cancel completed so. 218 00:33:05.189 --> 00:33:13.798 Okay, so I got this so the transpired circuit is the optimized circuit. I'll talk more about that later and. 219 00:33:13.798 --> 00:33:17.038 This is interesting. 220 00:33:17.038 --> 00:33:27.509 Again, I'll walk through this. 221 00:33:30.538 --> 00:33:33.719 At. 222 00:33:33.719 --> 00:33:37.648 At the, so if I look at this, see. 223 00:33:37.648 --> 00:33:46.798 These 2 States here, 1, 1 and 1 or. 224 00:33:57.568 --> 00:34:03.148 Here, but any case, so that's. 225 00:34:04.469 --> 00:34:09.148 We're getting a solid amount of lag right now. I don't know if there's. 226 00:34:09.148 --> 00:34:17.639 Anything, but it's like cutting in and out. Yeah. What a lot on the sound oh. 227 00:34:17.639 --> 00:34:24.329 On the audio audio doesn't take much processing power. 228 00:34:24.329 --> 00:34:31.378 I don't know what's going on here. It's already getting better. I think it may have just been. 229 00:34:31.378 --> 00:34:34.798 Issue or something just a blip. 230 00:34:34.798 --> 00:34:41.818 I haven't which has some serious. 231 00:34:41.818 --> 00:34:49.498 Let's see. 232 00:34:55.679 --> 00:35:06.059 Oh, that's actually worse than I thought, but. 233 00:35:09.929 --> 00:35:23.099 So helpful well, actually, I am sending the sound. 234 00:35:23.099 --> 00:35:26.998 Rise and the sound is not going over the Internet. I think. 235 00:35:26.998 --> 00:35:34.858 Well, I mean, the sound is not going over my WI. Fi. I think, because I'm going it sounds better. Now. I think it may have just been a a temporary thing. 236 00:35:34.858 --> 00:35:41.489 I don't know. Yeah. Yeah. So the video is going over my WI Fi to tie us. The audio is going over my. 237 00:35:41.489 --> 00:35:45.298 The headset to my own self who knows? 238 00:35:45.298 --> 00:35:48.929 My job, because that's why people go into theory. 239 00:35:48.929 --> 00:35:52.318 In any case, so we look at this circuit here. 240 00:35:52.318 --> 00:36:00.719 And, um, oh, by the way you can download a Jason, the download download situation description of the circuit. 241 00:36:00.719 --> 00:36:06.539 So, this 1 has not had in mind in the controlled swap. 242 00:36:06.539 --> 00:36:20.728 That's this 1 here. Yeah. So, in theory, these are the only 2 non 0T States. Okay. They should be 50, 50 those 2 States. So remember the theory 50, 50 those 2 States here's the reality. 243 00:36:20.728 --> 00:36:24.898 There are only about a 3rd each and. 244 00:36:24.898 --> 00:36:28.048 You know, the 6 other states, each has something so. 245 00:36:28.048 --> 00:36:33.119 You're seeing limitations of this particular quantum computer. 246 00:36:33.119 --> 00:36:40.708 They may still oh, thank you. I see, John. Well, we can play with that. 3rd here. 247 00:38:29.369 --> 00:38:42.239 Um, can you hear me now? Good. Okay so the Webex app on my iPhone insist on going over WI. Fi. Okay. Any final chance to ask questions on this. 248 00:38:42.239 --> 00:38:53.940 Um, oh, I'm also doing Chad on a 2nd laptop. I've got 2 laptops on the phone in front of me. Oh, okay. 249 00:38:53.940 --> 00:39:06.719 Well, let me, um, no questions on that. I gotta assign a big homework or something. Okay let's go back and okay. Let's look at a tutorial on, um. 250 00:39:06.719 --> 00:39:15.719 Let's look at the kiss, get tutorial. So the question assumes that you have Python and I'm doing this on a. 251 00:39:15.719 --> 00:39:19.349 Linux command line environment, so. 252 00:39:22.829 --> 00:39:26.820 Um, but in any case. 253 00:39:28.590 --> 00:39:36.480 We can have we can, and I have a summary over here. You can look at um, I've abbreviated a little of it here so. 254 00:39:37.590 --> 00:39:42.960 That's just we don't need this now. 255 00:39:42.960 --> 00:39:47.880 So, um. 256 00:39:49.079 --> 00:40:00.389 So, I try something twice, so I've already in Python. I've already done things like hip, install this and so on um. 257 00:40:05.400 --> 00:40:10.019 You could also create a virtualization environment. I don't I want to keep things simple. 258 00:40:11.250 --> 00:40:14.489 And so I can import, um. 259 00:40:19.800 --> 00:40:25.590 And, okay, so feel free to do things yourself. Now, we can go back to this. Um. 260 00:40:27.119 --> 00:40:32.849 Tutorial here and. 261 00:40:32.849 --> 00:40:40.650 So, I, they talk about condo there, I just trying to simplify things that touch. So we had that import kiss, get. 262 00:40:40.650 --> 00:40:47.639 And by the way, there's an online thing you can play with some of this and show next time. 263 00:40:47.639 --> 00:40:52.320 But, let me just, I showed you this. 264 00:40:52.320 --> 00:40:58.139 That last Thursday, but I'm hoping now today you might be going along with me. So. 265 00:41:09.900 --> 00:41:13.889 So. 266 00:41:13.889 --> 00:41:17.070 So feedback. 267 00:41:19.679 --> 00:41:27.989 So, at least get, as far as import cascaded and so on those, I'm assuming everyone probably should know Python. We do it and 1. 268 00:41:27.989 --> 00:41:31.679 So, they do it in high school. 269 00:41:33.420 --> 00:41:40.920 And so what versions. 270 00:41:51.269 --> 00:41:54.900 Is anyone still on Python to. 271 00:41:56.670 --> 00:42:02.340 Given the Python 3 is only how many years old now? 10 years I can't remember. 272 00:42:03.480 --> 00:42:07.199 Ice on 3.8. good. Okay. 273 00:42:07.199 --> 00:42:10.679 You're up to date you're up to date. Cool. 274 00:42:10.679 --> 00:42:21.150 Oh, okay. People are reasonably modern. Okay so see, if you get import just get that will fail. If you didn't do your install. 275 00:42:22.320 --> 00:42:27.750 And that's box for next. 276 00:42:30.210 --> 00:42:34.619 And you can do what I just did, which was cut and paste. 277 00:42:34.619 --> 00:42:37.980 So, and we'll see if it fails. Um. 278 00:42:37.980 --> 00:42:44.610 There were a try, I'll just grab this and cut and paste it in. I'll do it in 2 sections. 279 00:42:44.610 --> 00:42:48.690 No, I can select copy. 280 00:42:48.690 --> 00:42:52.320 Hey, no error messages today. 281 00:42:52.320 --> 00:42:58.230 And now let's do the next don't need a copy the comments, but. 282 00:42:59.519 --> 00:43:03.599 Circuit draw we got a sales and ASCII circuit. 283 00:43:07.139 --> 00:43:11.610 Prior and tell me what you see. 284 00:43:11.610 --> 00:43:26.190 Do you get the same as this? Histogram plot's not going to work? Oh, you could try to it's going to fail because I don't have Matlab properly installed. 285 00:43:27.719 --> 00:43:30.869 Yeah, but. 286 00:43:32.010 --> 00:43:38.369 Okay, so it gives us a try and see what you got. 287 00:43:41.940 --> 00:43:51.150 We got the counts up here. Okay so, again, they should be 50, 50 for these counts. They're not 50, 50, because it's simulating reality. 288 00:43:53.454 --> 00:44:10.824 Asians. 289 00:44:13.889 --> 00:44:19.260 That may say, I don't need that. 290 00:44:19.260 --> 00:44:22.260 Time to. 291 00:44:23.699 --> 00:44:27.539 We go who have I not called on. 292 00:44:27.539 --> 00:44:34.409 I am. 293 00:44:34.409 --> 00:44:45.630 On are we going How's it going? 294 00:44:47.579 --> 00:44:57.239 Trying to get just good work in conjunction with spider. 295 00:44:58.980 --> 00:45:03.150 So, tell me what spider is. 296 00:45:06.869 --> 00:45:13.949 Python ID. Okay. Yeah. I can't help you with that. 1. 297 00:45:13.949 --> 00:45:18.210 Is renewing the class could help anyone any spider experts here. 298 00:45:18.210 --> 00:45:21.329 Tell us how to get working in spider. 299 00:45:35.250 --> 00:45:40.110 Someone must be able to help. 300 00:45:40.110 --> 00:45:47.369 No, I think I'm doing fine. Oh, okay. Different location. Yeah, probably a bit messy. Um. 301 00:45:47.369 --> 00:45:50.789 Anyone else let's see. 302 00:45:52.949 --> 00:46:02.429 nutri, how are you doing? 303 00:46:02.429 --> 00:46:11.579 Problems questions I'm currently having some path there. Oh, okay. Good. 304 00:46:11.579 --> 00:46:15.000 I'm currently installing 2. 305 00:46:19.320 --> 00:46:20.159 Okay, 306 00:46:30.804 --> 00:46:30.954 well, 307 00:46:30.954 --> 00:46:31.614 I would say, 308 00:46:31.614 --> 00:46:32.005 let's, 309 00:46:32.514 --> 00:46:38.364 let's spend 15 minutes or so working on this and this will, 310 00:46:38.425 --> 00:46:38.934 I think, 311 00:46:38.934 --> 00:46:40.405 be the rest of the class. 312 00:46:40.405 --> 00:46:41.425 So it's going for another. 313 00:46:41.880 --> 00:46:53.849 Half hour, let's just spend, um, I'll, I'll stay here, you know, play with it a little and answer any questions. And this is a chance for you to install things now and. 314 00:46:53.849 --> 00:46:57.630 He said, ask me for help asked the class for help. 315 00:51:22.974 --> 00:51:27.804 What I'm doing now is a messy circuit here. I got 5, 2 beds and. 316 00:51:28.079 --> 00:51:31.409 Everything is all mixed up with the and the. 317 00:51:32.730 --> 00:51:43.829 Controlled knots and song controlled swaps and everything and so theoretically the 32 States, each have a probability of 3%. 318 00:51:43.829 --> 00:51:48.989 And I'm curious to see what we get. 319 00:51:51.900 --> 00:51:56.940 What we get when I run a real computer real program and see. 320 00:51:59.429 --> 00:52:03.510 I'm guessing it's not 3% each time. 321 00:52:03.510 --> 00:52:10.199 Or not 3%, whatever we got, these non 0T States. 322 00:52:10.824 --> 00:52:11.545 All equal. 323 00:52:51.300 --> 00:52:54.420 Can't get it to. Okay. Um. 324 00:52:54.420 --> 00:53:00.389 What's the current stay? Can you hear me? 325 00:53:04.079 --> 00:53:14.610 Good now, for drawing the circuit notice, I'm drawing the circuit without any argument. You see what I have over here is I have circuit dot draw. 326 00:53:14.610 --> 00:53:18.360 Um, let me over here. Yeah. 327 00:53:19.409 --> 00:53:24.150 You see, I do circuit dot draw like this with no argument. 328 00:53:24.150 --> 00:53:31.170 So some of the examples have an argument there, and I can not get it to work with the argument either. 329 00:53:31.170 --> 00:53:43.710 Without an argument it's using ask Pete graphics should put an argument it's trying to draw with Matlab or something, which would make a better looking figure, but I can't I have to somehow install Matlab and integrate it. 330 00:53:46.349 --> 00:53:54.539 So so I was just doing this work. 331 00:54:21.059 --> 00:54:33.389 So. 332 00:54:39.690 --> 00:54:43.590 Okay, good. 333 00:54:46.769 --> 00:54:57.719 Let's see if this oh, by the way I forgot it. 334 00:54:57.719 --> 00:55:03.090 About next week everyone who requested a topic and a time got. 335 00:55:03.090 --> 00:55:10.380 Their 1st request, so that's up until half an hour ago. I haven't checked before the class so. 336 00:55:47.940 --> 00:55:52.079 Okay, oh, this job has completed now. 337 00:55:52.079 --> 00:55:58.289 Okay, got it. 338 00:56:04.289 --> 00:56:13.260 Who she let me remind you what we should have seen. Okay. This was what was predicted is. 339 00:56:13.260 --> 00:56:20.369 8 non 0T States, all of equal probability to the states with the 2 leading bits being 0T. That's the theory. 340 00:56:20.369 --> 00:56:25.050 This is the practice, so there are all the 2 leading goods. Um. 341 00:56:26.250 --> 00:56:35.489 But they are from, you know, as low as 7, and it's high it's like 19% and they all should have been 12%. 342 00:56:35.489 --> 00:56:41.730 So this is limits and. 343 00:56:44.070 --> 00:56:50.130 No limits with quantum the quantum, this particular quantum computer. 344 00:56:50.130 --> 00:56:56.760 And we could probably mess it up a little more. 345 00:57:12.449 --> 00:57:16.409 I got 5 registered cents. Okay. So. 346 00:57:20.849 --> 00:57:23.940 I am that set up a touch more? Um. 347 00:57:28.380 --> 00:57:31.559 So, at a March, I nice. 348 00:57:31.559 --> 00:57:38.579 Causing trouble. Okay. 349 00:57:38.579 --> 00:57:42.420 Put it up here. Okay. Okay. 350 00:57:42.420 --> 00:57:46.650 No, okay. Oh, whatever you can have fun with it. 351 00:57:46.650 --> 00:57:55.650 So, what I'd like to do on Thursdays, continue doing tutorials and walking through stuff. So. 352 00:57:55.650 --> 00:58:00.599 Eva. 353 00:58:02.610 --> 00:58:06.809 Yes, um, both, um. 354 00:58:11.369 --> 00:58:18.539 Um, you know, when you have a state that it's a mixed state and a measurement projects it down to. 355 00:58:18.539 --> 00:58:23.579 1 of the basis factors, depending and the probability is the magnitude. 356 00:58:23.579 --> 00:58:27.780 You know, the opportunity, you know, the coefficient for that state. 357 00:58:27.780 --> 00:58:36.059 Then that's the 1 problem. So, every time you run it, it'll get a different answer. The other problem is the. 358 00:58:37.260 --> 00:58:41.550 Is a noise so, let me do a completely new circuit and show you new circuit. 359 00:58:41.550 --> 00:58:49.110 Let's just do a okay. 360 00:58:51.750 --> 00:58:58.050 Okay, okay. 361 00:58:59.190 --> 00:59:03.239 So theory, okay theory is. 362 00:59:03.239 --> 00:59:14.909 3 cubic H States. The theory is that each 1 is innate equally. Okay because every time you. 363 00:59:14.909 --> 00:59:20.489 You know, every time you the probability projecting down to any particular basis factor. 364 00:59:20.489 --> 00:59:24.659 You know, it depends on the amplitude so this will be in. 365 00:59:24.659 --> 00:59:30.989 Each way. 366 00:59:30.989 --> 00:59:43.739 So, 1st is a probability there and then he took my probability class last spring. You can work out the probability that you'll be so far away. Like, if you're tossing a coin, you know, mean is. 367 00:59:43.739 --> 00:59:49.920 A number of heads mean is a half mean is and P variance is. 368 00:59:49.920 --> 00:59:53.820 From problem to probability engineering application probability. Course. 369 00:59:53.820 --> 01:00:00.090 And so the greater end is the smaller, the variances around the mean while here. 370 01:00:04.739 --> 01:00:08.849 What the variance is going to. 371 01:00:08.849 --> 01:00:12.809 Let me work it out for you. Actually, we got a few minutes here. 372 01:00:12.809 --> 01:00:19.199 Let me do a really simple 1, new circuit. 373 01:00:19.199 --> 01:00:22.650 Oh, okay. 374 01:00:22.650 --> 01:00:29.099 Okay, look measure it and what our measurement go. 375 01:00:31.469 --> 01:00:39.780 Okay, okay. 376 01:00:42.480 --> 01:00:45.900 This is last 9. 377 01:00:45.900 --> 01:00:51.690 Okay, okay. Okay. 378 01:00:56.280 --> 01:01:03.510 Okay um, so this is, um, you know, whatever this is for. 379 01:01:03.510 --> 01:01:10.889 Um, pasta coin. 380 01:01:16.500 --> 01:01:21.840 You know, measure a cubic. Okay. So the probability. 381 01:01:23.010 --> 01:01:26.429 That's the probability point. 5, um. 382 01:01:26.429 --> 01:01:31.409 And observations, okay. 383 01:01:33.809 --> 01:01:38.639 You know, it's the expected value of X equals N. P. 384 01:01:38.639 --> 01:01:47.610 And then, okay, and then the standard deviation. 385 01:01:49.019 --> 01:01:52.769 It's got access to the number head you say is, um. 386 01:01:55.019 --> 01:02:00.659 In this case, it's stuff any equals a 1000. 387 01:02:00.659 --> 01:02:04.590 The expected value was 500. 388 01:02:04.590 --> 01:02:10.860 Standard deviation is 30 divided by 2 equals 15. 389 01:02:12.000 --> 01:02:17.340 So basically, the probability that X is a. 390 01:02:17.340 --> 01:02:20.849 45 5 gain. 391 01:02:22.409 --> 01:02:28.110 And it was about 2 thirds. Okay. So if I take this thing here. 392 01:02:28.110 --> 01:02:33.780 And run it, you know, then we can see what the numbers are. Um. 393 01:02:33.780 --> 01:02:38.130 I just brought it and see. 394 01:02:38.994 --> 01:02:47.965 So, that's the 1st problem and the 2nd problem is, the circuit itself has noise. It's primitive circuits. Yeah. 395 01:02:47.965 --> 01:02:57.264 I don't know what they're gonna cost billions of dollars or something, but they are, this is the big issue is reducing the noise and the hardware. 396 01:02:57.539 --> 01:03:02.639 And so so, let me go back to that. 397 01:03:05.489 --> 01:03:14.550 So, Eva is. 398 01:03:14.550 --> 01:03:20.010 Hardware noise. Okay now they're also going into. 399 01:03:20.010 --> 01:03:29.159 They're going into things like error correcting circuits. They're now quantum error correcting circuits and so on and new designs. 400 01:03:29.159 --> 01:03:38.579 Is a design for something called a topological quantum computer topological quantum computer has much less error like, ideally 0T. So. 401 01:03:38.579 --> 01:03:43.079 How are these expected to run? Oh, okay. 402 01:03:43.079 --> 01:03:51.179 In any case when this runs, I'll show you Thursday. Do we actually get 50 50 when we run it? And we do it on the simulator too. 403 01:03:51.179 --> 01:04:02.429 But in any case, I'll stay around for, you know, I'll be here for 15 minutes, but feel free to run stuff, ask questions. So. 404 01:04:22.800 --> 01:04:27.510 Machine. 405 01:04:34.375 --> 01:05:46.164 Eva. 406 01:06:57.969 --> 01:07:00.550 Just curious, How's my audio now? Is it any better. 407 01:07:00.809 --> 01:07:10.050 Anyone hear me okay. 408 01:07:10.050 --> 01:07:14.820 I was twiddling settings on the phone. 409 01:07:38.190 --> 01:07:48.690 Okay, cool. Say, look at the circuit so it's just 1 cube. It had a March so 50, 52 States it ran, um. 410 01:07:50.969 --> 01:07:56.369 So, the so it was, you know, if you do and a half 40, you know. 411 01:07:56.369 --> 01:07:59.369 47 and a half about. 412 01:07:59.369 --> 01:08:03.719 So again, so this is like, costing a fair coin a 1000 times. 413 01:08:03.719 --> 01:08:07.320 Like, I have over here. 414 01:08:08.969 --> 01:08:12.480 So, and equals a 1000, the mean is 500. 415 01:08:12.480 --> 01:08:15.960 Oh, in this case 50% so the fact you'd say. 416 01:08:15.960 --> 01:08:22.619 The Saturday deviation is 15, so that would be in terms of this. Um. 417 01:08:24.569 --> 01:08:27.600 The 1 and a half, so this is actually. 418 01:08:27.600 --> 01:08:30.869 But to standard deviations away, so. 419 01:08:32.100 --> 01:08:38.430 This much of a spread here is a little unexpected. 420 01:08:39.630 --> 01:08:43.890 So that's not just the fact, um. 421 01:08:43.890 --> 01:08:50.130 The random character of the projections for the measurement, there has to be an effect here from the machine. 422 01:08:50.130 --> 01:08:54.720 Um, so. 423 01:08:57.270 --> 01:09:03.420 So, the real machine was basically. 424 01:09:06.270 --> 01:09:09.960 You know, 524 to. 425 01:09:11.399 --> 01:09:19.380 Or 76, that's a little extra. That's a little far off. 426 01:09:21.630 --> 01:09:26.939 You know, um, whatever, you know, okay, so that's. 427 01:09:28.739 --> 01:09:34.199 Post 2 Sigma so, uh, you know, so that's. 428 01:09:37.829 --> 01:09:40.859 Probably from hardware. 429 01:09:42.930 --> 01:09:49.949 No, certainly, I mean, you know, you get 2 Sigma things, but probably, what we're seeing here is some hardware um. 430 01:09:52.109 --> 01:09:57.180 That the fact that we're, you know, so far from being 50, 50 is a hardware effect. 431 01:09:57.180 --> 01:10:03.359 I feel homework coming on, run this yourself and see what you get. 432 01:10:03.359 --> 01:10:12.899 We could even for fun. Um. 433 01:10:22.229 --> 01:10:25.380 Shots, um, say, 16. 434 01:10:25.380 --> 01:10:29.130 Fun and Summit. 435 01:10:38.220 --> 01:10:42.600 So, 16 shots mean is 8. 436 01:10:42.600 --> 01:10:46.470 Standard deviation is going to be. 437 01:10:46.470 --> 01:10:51.090 Um. 438 01:10:53.069 --> 01:10:56.399 2nd, here. 439 01:11:05.670 --> 01:11:11.520 In equal 16 being as 16. 440 01:11:11.520 --> 01:11:14.640 Equals 8 take. 441 01:11:14.640 --> 01:11:20.010 Is scary to 16 over 2. 442 01:11:20.010 --> 01:11:23.880 Equals, um, too, so. 443 01:11:27.600 --> 01:11:37.770 So we'd expect, um, so 2 thirds of the time, we will see. 444 01:11:40.800 --> 01:11:44.850 A, plus or minus 2. okay. 445 01:11:46.829 --> 01:11:51.960 You had a very rough number, so so, you know, 6 to 10. 446 01:11:51.960 --> 01:12:02.670 See, 4 minutes so the real, the real queue machine. 447 01:12:07.560 --> 01:12:11.369 Let's see. 448 01:12:24.475 --> 01:12:25.074 Again. 449 01:12:40.739 --> 01:12:53.010 And meanwhile. 450 01:13:04.439 --> 01:13:10.649 Question about strange. 451 01:13:12.270 --> 01:13:15.899 Let's see, how are we doing here? 2 minutes. 452 01:13:17.970 --> 01:13:23.100 More questions. 453 01:14:00.600 --> 01:14:08.970 This is what I basically do when I was an undergrad, we didn't have it was, um, batch computers. We submitted a job and wait around for the result. 454 01:14:08.970 --> 01:14:14.010 So, I didn't run in a few minutes necessary. It might be a few hours. 455 01:14:14.010 --> 01:14:18.930 Hey, debugging interesting. Okay. 456 01:14:25.319 --> 01:14:34.170 Who he look at this 1 so this was supposed to be 50, 50 and what do we got? 3169. 457 01:14:35.279 --> 01:14:43.439 The real quantum machine. Okay. 458 01:14:43.439 --> 01:14:51.960 So, um, instead, so this is, um. 459 01:14:51.960 --> 01:14:58.079 This is 9 Sigma. This is new plus and minus 9 Sigma. Okay. 460 01:15:00.180 --> 01:15:03.180 Okay, so. 461 01:15:04.229 --> 01:15:08.819 This is not just due to the probabilistic nature of the. 462 01:15:08.819 --> 01:15:14.729 Of the quantum measurement. This is okay, this here is the machine. Okay. Um. 463 01:15:15.810 --> 01:15:22.319 And so well, this is definitely shows the limit, you know. 464 01:15:22.319 --> 01:15:28.560 The, this is this is noise in the hardware, so this is not the probabilistic quantum measurement. 465 01:15:28.560 --> 01:15:36.420 So, let me put that down here so. 466 01:15:51.479 --> 01:15:51.899 Not. 467 01:16:15.119 --> 01:16:20.039 I mean, did I get this? Right? Maybe I'm wrong here. 8. 468 01:16:20.039 --> 01:16:27.479 Just a SEC, um. 469 01:16:30.779 --> 01:16:39.119 I am wrong. Sorry um. 470 01:16:44.850 --> 01:16:49.470 And 31% is 70% it's. 471 01:16:53.189 --> 01:17:05.340 No, no, no, no. 472 01:17:07.260 --> 01:17:22.104 Um, that's wrong. I'm sorry that's less than 2 Sigma. I was totally wrong. Um. 473 01:17:23.305 --> 01:17:24.984 Lesson to segment so 474 01:17:39.265 --> 01:17:40.734 that's interesting to me. 475 01:17:53.520 --> 01:18:02.130 No, in any case, um. 476 01:18:08.670 --> 01:18:15.210 See, the final questions. 477 01:18:22.319 --> 01:18:29.970 It's Thursday. Oh, wait here for a few minutes. 478 01:18:36.239 --> 01:18:57.810 Silence. 479 01:21:20.340 --> 01:21:21.180 Silence.