WEBVTT 1 00:06:23.309 --> 00:06:29.908 Oh, okay, good afternoon class. 2 00:06:29.908 --> 00:06:34.048 This is probably parallel computing class 25. 3 00:06:34.048 --> 00:06:38.369 April 26 2021 and. 4 00:06:38.369 --> 00:06:42.178 My universal question is. 5 00:06:43.228 --> 00:06:47.668 Can anyone hear me. 6 00:06:49.199 --> 00:06:53.968 Loud and clear thanks Isaac. Okay. Oops. 7 00:06:53.968 --> 00:06:56.968 Here. 8 00:06:56.968 --> 00:07:01.439 Hello. 9 00:07:03.988 --> 00:07:07.048 Still share this works. 10 00:07:09.358 --> 00:07:14.189 I'm trying to share the screen. 11 00:07:15.209 --> 00:07:20.338 And has been having issues in the past. However, I have. 12 00:07:20.338 --> 00:07:30.209 A chat window open, and I possibly can see questions if you have problems. So if you cannot see the chat window. 13 00:07:30.209 --> 00:07:33.689 Then the chat window. 14 00:07:35.699 --> 00:07:38.699 And let me, I mean, the. 15 00:07:38.699 --> 00:07:47.098 The window, let me know okay. Question from Justin and then specifically I want in the project presentation. 16 00:07:47.098 --> 00:07:56.158 Well, 10 to 15 minutes, tell us what you did and what's interesting. What's new about it? And the ride up. 17 00:07:57.538 --> 00:08:02.519 There's something in the syllabus let me go to the syllabus since there were questions. 18 00:08:02.519 --> 00:08:05.848 And you do some of us here. 19 00:08:10.019 --> 00:08:13.379 Okay, so. 20 00:08:15.988 --> 00:08:23.249 You know, so implement something relating to parallel computing. 21 00:08:23.249 --> 00:08:30.838 A paper on the subject standard, which looks like you'd get from a major conference. 22 00:08:30.838 --> 00:08:36.448 So, it should be at least 4, typeset 4 to wait typeset pages. Maybe. 23 00:08:36.448 --> 00:08:40.379 The write up saying how to use that. 24 00:08:40.379 --> 00:08:43.649 And present it and demo it, um. 25 00:08:43.649 --> 00:08:48.989 And as a progress report due today, the right the write up. 26 00:08:48.989 --> 00:08:54.509 The last day of 1 last class day, which is not the last day of the lecture. Of course. 27 00:08:56.038 --> 00:08:59.249 Does that. 28 00:09:01.979 --> 00:09:06.149 Other questions on that. Okay. 29 00:09:06.149 --> 00:09:11.788 So today 1st. 30 00:09:11.788 --> 00:09:16.229 If other people want to write, ask about a. 31 00:09:16.229 --> 00:09:20.788 Other than that, after at the end of the class, I'll just assign things. 32 00:09:20.788 --> 00:09:35.219 So, what I want to do today is do some more stuff from my quantum summary page. I get a write up. I did a write up on no cloning since it's weird and counterintuitive. 33 00:09:35.219 --> 00:09:47.219 Which might be the right up to help me understand things. So it might help you also and talk some more about technologies. I showed you a little on technologies on Thursday. 34 00:09:48.448 --> 00:09:51.688 And then IBM. 35 00:09:51.688 --> 00:10:04.678 Quantum simulator, so we'll see online quantum simulator, which is a good project. You can run it on your local machine and also how to run it a, an actual job on there. 1 of their computers. 36 00:10:04.678 --> 00:10:08.849 And. 37 00:10:08.849 --> 00:10:15.119 So. 38 00:10:16.379 --> 00:10:19.379 The No cloning concept here. 39 00:10:21.389 --> 00:10:29.879 Had it here? Okay. Um. 40 00:10:30.928 --> 00:10:33.928 So something to help you understand what's going on here. 41 00:10:33.928 --> 00:10:40.649 So, classically, you can clone a bit. Okay if I got a 2 bit system. 42 00:10:40.649 --> 00:10:44.698 And so we'll assume that. 43 00:10:44.698 --> 00:10:53.754 We're working with the combo, so each bed is everyone's got 4 combos and you have a 4 vector disliking, quantum things of classical you have a 4 vector. 44 00:10:53.754 --> 00:11:03.714 But the difference is that classically or zeros are ones. So, 1 of them is a 1 in the rest. Are 0. 45 00:11:03.989 --> 00:11:09.568 So, and so classically you could imagine a circuit. 46 00:11:09.568 --> 00:11:14.099 Um, that does a clone. We just say X gets coffee, 2 X and then. 47 00:11:14.099 --> 00:11:20.369 X also gets copied to Y, and so got a truce table here the inputs and then the outputs. 48 00:11:22.464 --> 00:11:36.864 Okay, and quantum computing likes to represent things by Matrix. Multiplication. So this would be a matrix multiplication that classically would clone X into Y you applied to that 4 vector of base. 49 00:11:37.139 --> 00:11:40.948 And this will classically do it. 50 00:11:40.948 --> 00:11:44.908 The problem is that we cannot use this matrix. 51 00:11:44.908 --> 00:11:48.599 Or quantum computation because the matrix is singular. 52 00:11:48.599 --> 00:11:53.158 And for quantum computing, the matrices all have to be unitary that they have to be. 53 00:11:53.158 --> 00:11:56.969 And a few other rules, but. 54 00:11:56.969 --> 00:12:01.739 Convertibles irrelevant. 1. okay, so let's try again for classical. 55 00:12:01.739 --> 00:12:06.538 Oh, you see, it's not in vertical because you lost the old value of why. 56 00:12:06.538 --> 00:12:12.599 And quantum computing, you don't lose information. Everything is reversible, except for the measurement. 57 00:12:12.599 --> 00:12:21.839 And the measurement you could argue, you don't lose information, you just entangled your isolated system with the outside universe and the information just got distributed. 58 00:12:21.839 --> 00:12:28.198 Well, okay, Here's a 2nd attempt. Classically. We do a 3 input is called portfolio gate. 59 00:12:28.198 --> 00:12:34.408 3 inputs 3 out, but you got actually got Y and Z gets exclusive. 60 00:12:34.408 --> 00:12:37.708 With X and Y. 61 00:12:39.599 --> 00:12:44.818 So, if I stop right there, you didn't lose any we did not lose any information if you think about it. 62 00:12:44.818 --> 00:12:48.028 You could run it in fact, if you. 63 00:12:48.028 --> 00:12:51.269 The top Holy gate is eaten potent. 64 00:12:51.269 --> 00:12:57.509 Another question you don't think we're getting video right now. 65 00:13:04.558 --> 00:13:08.458 You can't say. 66 00:13:08.458 --> 00:13:14.129 Okay. 67 00:13:15.658 --> 00:13:22.078 So, historically, historically meeting last Thursday. 68 00:13:22.078 --> 00:13:27.538 A long time ago stock out. 69 00:13:27.538 --> 00:13:33.269 Okay, historically, is that eventually it starts sharing. 70 00:13:33.269 --> 00:13:38.068 Let me stop and start to sharing again and see if I can tickle later or something. 71 00:13:38.068 --> 00:13:43.499 By sharing application. 72 00:13:56.969 --> 00:14:03.568 So, now my version of Webex says. 73 00:14:03.568 --> 00:14:06.989 That I'm sharing my screen and. 74 00:14:06.989 --> 00:14:13.198 What I'm doing different now instead of sharing the whole screen I'm just sharing that 1 window. So. 75 00:14:13.198 --> 00:14:19.889 I can try with another computer to see what you're seeing, but you can also tell me. 76 00:14:19.889 --> 00:14:24.658 Revolved too much signing on and so on. 77 00:14:24.658 --> 00:14:32.068 Anything. 78 00:14:32.068 --> 00:14:36.509 You're still stuck stuck at. 79 00:14:36.509 --> 00:14:41.519 Still the same nothing yet. 80 00:14:41.519 --> 00:14:51.599 Yeah, I'm not don't know that there's an awful lot sign in. It's a 2nd computer and see what happens. 81 00:14:54.749 --> 00:14:59.068 Yeah, I'm not clear what exactly I can do to. 82 00:14:59.068 --> 00:15:03.479 To fix this when it happens I think it's a Webex capacity problem. 83 00:15:03.479 --> 00:15:08.849 And, you know, we could switch to zoom from Webex or something. 84 00:15:08.849 --> 00:15:15.509 Would be, but not right now it's so late in the semester. I'm trying. 85 00:15:17.489 --> 00:15:23.068 For fun, I'm trying logging in was a 2nd laptop. 86 00:15:25.109 --> 00:15:29.068 A large amount of our laptops in front of me. 87 00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:41.399 And see. 88 00:15:44.339 --> 00:15:49.168 Silence. 89 00:15:51.089 --> 00:15:57.989 Silence. 90 00:16:09.028 --> 00:16:15.538 Yeah, this is a, um. 91 00:16:17.308 --> 00:16:23.158 Not completely clear, completely clear what to do. 92 00:16:23.158 --> 00:16:34.259 Crazy idea. Do you see my. 93 00:16:36.688 --> 00:16:41.849 Because my camera work, if I. 94 00:16:41.849 --> 00:16:46.019 Are you seeing me if I stop sharing? 95 00:16:46.019 --> 00:16:49.918 Um, can you see my face. 96 00:16:54.808 --> 00:17:01.019 Okay, this is so crazy. What I'm going to do, but. 97 00:17:01.019 --> 00:17:10.499 I'm going to just hold another computer up to the camera. 98 00:17:10.499 --> 00:17:24.659 Eva. 99 00:17:40.048 --> 00:17:43.469 Oh, this is so silly, but. 100 00:17:48.209 --> 00:17:55.499 This is not even going to work. 101 00:17:55.499 --> 00:17:59.969 Try 1 other thing here. 102 00:17:59.969 --> 00:18:03.449 Silence. 103 00:18:05.009 --> 00:18:08.098 Try not sharing. 104 00:18:08.098 --> 00:18:12.179 Silence. 105 00:18:12.179 --> 00:18:16.949 Try it again, is it sharing now? 106 00:18:22.138 --> 00:18:25.798 Huh. 107 00:18:25.798 --> 00:18:28.828 You know. 108 00:18:35.759 --> 00:18:45.388 Okay. 109 00:19:01.798 --> 00:19:05.159 Okay. 110 00:19:06.778 --> 00:19:14.249 Go to the okay if you have. 111 00:19:14.249 --> 00:19:19.229 Browser open, you can get my home. 112 00:19:19.229 --> 00:19:23.548 My home page, the Google W. R. F. space. 113 00:19:23.548 --> 00:19:28.798 And there you go to teaching, you get to the page. 114 00:19:30.028 --> 00:19:34.108 And and you go for this class. 115 00:19:34.108 --> 00:19:37.499 And it will have a link to my. 116 00:19:38.759 --> 00:19:43.679 Quantum summary go on computing intro click on that. 117 00:19:43.679 --> 00:19:52.169 And then in the table of contents, click on no 5.2 no cloning and we'll see if that works. 118 00:19:54.118 --> 00:19:57.749 Um, I mean, know if it works. 119 00:20:00.269 --> 00:20:03.509 And meanwhile keep watching. 120 00:20:03.509 --> 00:20:11.759 You know, if you keep a little piece of the Webex window open, and it may start sharing at some point. 121 00:20:11.759 --> 00:20:16.108 Okay, so. 122 00:20:16.108 --> 00:20:23.009 See, if that works, let me check something else here. 123 00:20:28.348 --> 00:20:40.199 Okay, thank you. Okay and again, this is only 10 of us. Unmute your Mike if you have questions I'm also watching the, um. 124 00:20:40.199 --> 00:20:44.459 Chat window and. 125 00:20:44.459 --> 00:20:50.429 Okay, so what I'm trying to do is to motivate why cloning. 126 00:20:50.429 --> 00:20:54.598 Works classically, but not with quantum computing. 127 00:20:55.858 --> 00:21:04.199 So, I'm looking at that the 3 input thing. So the 2 input thing did not work. 128 00:21:04.199 --> 00:21:07.469 Because while it destroyed information. 129 00:21:07.469 --> 00:21:15.659 Were classically, but destroy copied X to Y, destroyed the old value of why? So it's not illegal quantum computing. Okay. 130 00:21:15.659 --> 00:21:24.808 So, we tried the 3 input thing. X. Brian equals X. why Prime? It was Y, Z, Prime as Z, exclusive word X and Y. 131 00:21:24.808 --> 00:21:31.048 That's convertible it's even potent. You run it twice. You'll get the old value of X back. 132 00:21:32.308 --> 00:21:36.989 Say have a truce table here. 133 00:21:38.398 --> 00:21:46.378 And is a matrix that's actually out of quantum computing for computer scientists, a matrix, the portfolio gate and. 134 00:21:46.378 --> 00:21:49.979 So so it isn't. 135 00:21:49.979 --> 00:21:55.919 And it is a legal quantum computing gate, and if we put an X equals 1 equals 0. 136 00:21:55.919 --> 00:22:04.348 For the input, and the output is X prime equals 1 Z. why? Prime equals Y and Z prime equals? Why? 137 00:22:04.348 --> 00:22:08.999 Um, so it cloned Y and Z. 138 00:22:08.999 --> 00:22:16.739 If input was equal to 0, and this is a completely legal. 139 00:22:17.909 --> 00:22:24.269 It is a completely legal matrix. The issue is that although it will clone why. 140 00:22:24.269 --> 00:22:30.449 When the gates of classical values, it will not clone why when the gates have. 141 00:22:30.449 --> 00:22:34.648 Super superposition values, so it acts. 142 00:22:34.648 --> 00:22:38.578 It does not act intuitively in the. 143 00:22:38.578 --> 00:22:47.818 For with quantum values, and this is 1 of the differences with quantum computing, compared to classical computing. Even if you have the same gate. 144 00:22:47.818 --> 00:22:52.558 When the inputs have superposition values, then. 145 00:22:53.969 --> 00:23:00.179 Then the out, then weird things happen and here's an example. So, X is 0. 146 00:23:00.594 --> 00:23:09.804 So access 1, and the input is 0 and Y, is what you want to clone. So let's try why a superposition thing you get from Adam our gate. 147 00:23:09.804 --> 00:23:15.864 Let's say, so, why is an equal superposition of 0 and 1 and waited by 1 over square root of 2? 148 00:23:17.939 --> 00:23:21.959 Um, so you have the input. 149 00:23:23.009 --> 00:23:27.538 And the input, so TCO superposition of 2 of the 8 values. 150 00:23:27.538 --> 00:23:37.048 We have here equals 100 and 1 and 110, because the X is always 1 and see is always 0 and then Y, equals precision of the 2 cases. 151 00:23:37.048 --> 00:23:40.528 So, we have that that 8 state factor for the state there. 152 00:23:40.528 --> 00:23:43.739 And we multiply by the matrix. 153 00:23:43.739 --> 00:23:49.469 And look, what happens, we create an entangled combo of Y, and Z. 154 00:23:49.469 --> 00:23:53.729 So the output access still 1. 155 00:23:53.729 --> 00:23:59.608 But, um, Y, and Z are now entangled so. 156 00:23:59.608 --> 00:24:07.409 Um, so it did not cone Y, and Z and and tangled Y and Z. 157 00:24:07.409 --> 00:24:10.888 It also did it. What's called a, did a kickback. 158 00:24:10.888 --> 00:24:17.459 So, when with classical values, why was not changed? 159 00:24:17.459 --> 00:24:21.749 But with the quantum values, why it changed. 160 00:24:21.749 --> 00:24:27.358 So, why it's no longer just an input. It's also an out, but this kickback happened. 161 00:24:27.358 --> 00:24:32.848 Is also a nice way to untangle Y and Z, but it did not clone Y and Z. 162 00:24:32.848 --> 00:24:38.308 No, cloning happened here. Okay. Um. 163 00:24:39.929 --> 00:24:44.638 And so Y, and Z have the same values what they're entangled with each other. 164 00:24:44.638 --> 00:24:48.749 So, okay, and I mentioned. 165 00:24:48.749 --> 00:24:52.648 And phase here, the phase kickback concept. 166 00:24:52.648 --> 00:24:56.848 That it happens. 167 00:24:58.259 --> 00:25:03.449 Things happen both ways. So. 168 00:25:03.449 --> 00:25:07.229 Another thing about phases of. 169 00:25:07.229 --> 00:25:15.209 You cannot manager the phase of 1 cubic, but you can measure the difference between the phases of 2 cube. 170 00:25:15.209 --> 00:25:19.138 In a lot of algorithms and called the answers to phase shift. 171 00:25:19.138 --> 00:25:26.398 Okay, going on for. 172 00:25:27.598 --> 00:25:35.578 Cloud based computing here and again, I probably can't show any videos either. If it's not. 173 00:25:35.578 --> 00:25:43.439 If it's not if it's not sharing, so. 174 00:25:43.439 --> 00:25:46.588 I'll talk you through it and you can watch things. 175 00:25:46.588 --> 00:25:54.538 On your own so the thing well, 1 thing with tangling. 176 00:25:54.538 --> 00:25:58.078 Is intent so when you when tangle. 177 00:25:58.078 --> 00:26:02.669 Remember the total number of States goes up exponentially. It's 2 to the number of Cubics. 178 00:26:02.669 --> 00:26:12.898 And IBM appears to have a project to untangle cube on computers and different sites. So, IBM has a number of machines in different sites. 179 00:26:12.898 --> 00:26:24.239 And and I guess at least, theoretically, if you can entangle the Q bits and computers and different continents now, just exponentially increase the computing power. 180 00:26:24.239 --> 00:26:28.798 And you have an enormous advantage. So I think that this is an IBM project. 181 00:26:28.798 --> 00:26:34.739 Now, for cloud based computing. 182 00:26:34.739 --> 00:26:45.509 There are a number of Super computing sites available on the cloud. Ibm has a number of quantum computers. 183 00:26:47.219 --> 00:26:57.358 Available for free, and then more one's available. I guess if you pay money and but the, the free ones have things like 5 cubiks and so on. 184 00:26:57.358 --> 00:27:08.398 And and you can run simulators and you can run on their actual machine. Now. 185 00:27:13.078 --> 00:27:22.588 I'm going to see if I can try something, try another cloning thing to see if it works here because this is getting really. 186 00:27:30.659 --> 00:27:34.409 I want to try something else here. 187 00:27:34.409 --> 00:27:39.269 Is it really, you know, impedes what I can show you if I can't show a screen. 188 00:27:41.519 --> 00:27:48.628 Going to try something else. 189 00:28:01.199 --> 00:28:05.669 Okay, 2nd chair. 190 00:28:15.058 --> 00:28:21.179 Turn off, Bluetooth on my phone, turn on Bluetooth on my laptop connected. 191 00:28:21.179 --> 00:28:29.068 What I'm going to try to do is see if I can share my screen. You never know it might work differently. 192 00:28:29.068 --> 00:28:32.489 So. 193 00:28:38.939 --> 00:28:49.378 Okay, so I am now mirroring my iPad screen. 194 00:28:49.378 --> 00:28:54.118 On my laptop and let me see. 195 00:28:54.118 --> 00:28:58.378 If I can share it and see what happens. 196 00:29:01.138 --> 00:29:05.038 Silence. 197 00:29:09.568 --> 00:29:17.278 Okay, do you okay I'm trying said I'm trying to share. 198 00:29:17.278 --> 00:29:21.568 My iPad screen with you, can you see it? 199 00:29:32.459 --> 00:29:36.239 Same issue for now. Okay. 200 00:29:39.808 --> 00:29:44.969 Okay. 201 00:29:47.578 --> 00:30:00.179 I don't know, let me take a few minutes log out and log in again to see if that helps. 202 00:30:00.179 --> 00:30:08.729 And because again, if I can't show you anything, it sort of hinders the lecture or slightly. 203 00:30:08.729 --> 00:30:22.439 Be back in a couple minutes. 204 00:31:36.659 --> 00:31:47.009 Silence. 205 00:31:53.848 --> 00:32:01.798 See, my screen hear me. 206 00:32:02.939 --> 00:32:11.068 Any saying Eva hello? 207 00:32:12.479 --> 00:32:15.568 Screen isn't. Okay. Um. 208 00:32:16.798 --> 00:32:23.489 Really sorry about that, but I'm not certain what I can do other than I'll walk you through the. 209 00:32:24.509 --> 00:32:28.048 I'll walk you through my summary. Slide. 210 00:32:29.068 --> 00:32:33.298 What I am on the section 6 technologies. 211 00:32:33.298 --> 00:32:38.788 And last Thursday I talked about trap Diane and D wave. 212 00:32:38.788 --> 00:32:43.679 Ibm uses something called a transmission cube at. 213 00:32:43.679 --> 00:32:49.229 With Joseph's in junctions and. 214 00:32:50.699 --> 00:32:55.499 They have to lower the thing to, like, 150 of a Calvin. 215 00:32:55.499 --> 00:33:00.838 And they they write and read with microwaves that around. 216 00:33:00.838 --> 00:33:10.558 5 gigahertz and the bits in the trends I'm, I'm talking, but if you, you can hear me the. 217 00:33:11.669 --> 00:33:20.159 The queue bits are connected in a plainer graph and ones that are adjacent can be entangled with each other. But. 218 00:33:20.159 --> 00:33:26.578 Of course, it's a plainer graph so most pairs of cubex are not adjacent. So you write a program and. 219 00:33:26.578 --> 00:33:31.798 It and it compiles to. 220 00:33:31.798 --> 00:33:42.449 Something which actually is physically reliable in any case. So, this competition between IBM and say trapped ion IBM is. 221 00:33:43.648 --> 00:33:48.269 Faster trapped ion claim save other advantages. 222 00:33:48.269 --> 00:33:54.749 Oh, I was going to talking about 1st, about. 223 00:33:55.644 --> 00:34:07.584 Oh, section 5.5, cloud based computing so there's machines on the web and IBM competitors have some machines on the web and there's also some aggregators. So if you want to use real quantum computers, Amazon. 224 00:34:10.679 --> 00:34:13.829 Has access to a couple of different. 225 00:34:13.829 --> 00:34:20.759 Quantum computers as does Microsoft. So, is your Microsoft Azure account or with your Amazon? 226 00:34:20.759 --> 00:34:26.849 Ac, 2 account, you can go and use different, actual quantum computers at a low cost. 227 00:34:26.849 --> 00:34:31.588 So, um. 228 00:34:33.539 --> 00:34:37.079 So, IBM, I'm in section 7.1. 229 00:34:37.079 --> 00:34:40.318 Of my summary page. 230 00:34:40.318 --> 00:34:46.378 So, the biggest quantum computers have, like, 53 cube or something. 231 00:34:46.378 --> 00:34:51.958 And it was designed at 54, but 1 didn't 1 bit. Didn't work. 232 00:34:53.699 --> 00:34:57.958 And if you. 233 00:34:57.958 --> 00:35:01.619 Click on my link there at quantum computing dot com. 234 00:35:01.619 --> 00:35:06.148 You create a free account. 235 00:35:06.148 --> 00:35:12.929 I've got 1, but there's no point in my signing in, but if you click on the. 236 00:35:14.009 --> 00:35:19.079 On the demo that they have down there is as good as anything I could show, you. 237 00:35:19.079 --> 00:35:26.699 Actually, so if you can follow along with me, assuming you can hear me. 238 00:35:26.699 --> 00:35:29.728 So, go to my. 239 00:35:29.728 --> 00:35:37.768 Go to my section 7.1, IBM and my summary page click on call IBM quantum computing, got IBM. 240 00:35:37.768 --> 00:35:44.009 Dot com and then you'll see. 241 00:35:44.009 --> 00:35:49.978 Real quantum computers, right at your fingertips. So you can create yourself a free account, which I've done. 242 00:35:49.978 --> 00:35:55.228 But go down to basically. 243 00:35:58.949 --> 00:36:10.889 Where it talks about click through to user guide, build your 1st circuit with IBM. Composer actually would be the best thing. 244 00:36:10.889 --> 00:36:16.469 Um, and. 245 00:36:16.469 --> 00:36:19.679 You probably kind of actually do it, but what they have. 246 00:36:19.679 --> 00:36:22.858 Is IBM is a couple of different things here. 247 00:36:22.858 --> 00:36:27.028 They have a drag and drop. 248 00:36:27.028 --> 00:36:38.759 Or you can drag and drop circuits and you drag and drops gauge from a menu on to the circuit. They also have a language where you can, you can write a program. 249 00:36:38.759 --> 00:36:49.829 With the quantum computer, and, and it goes back and forth as you drag and drop a circuit, it updates the program that you could write. And if you changed the program, it would change the circuit. 250 00:36:51.989 --> 00:37:03.449 They also is a Python, they've a Python program, and you could write in Python, although it's more verbose and writing in their custom language. 251 00:37:03.449 --> 00:37:09.509 And with the Python program, you could download their simulator from. 252 00:37:11.278 --> 00:37:16.018 From get hub, or you could run it on their website so you could run the simulator. 253 00:37:16.018 --> 00:37:20.489 And then you can upload your circuit, put it in the queue. 254 00:37:20.489 --> 00:37:29.068 For to run on 1 of their real machines now it's a batch job. It's not a, it's not an interactive job and it. 255 00:37:29.068 --> 00:37:36.298 So you submit it to the queue and then it's and you can check when it gets done and look at the output. 256 00:37:36.298 --> 00:37:44.369 Now, now, there's a thing with quantum computing is that it's very noisy. 257 00:37:45.809 --> 00:37:51.028 So, if you're in the Docs and you see welcome to IBM, quantum composer. 258 00:37:51.028 --> 00:37:57.929 If you clicked on it well, they have a, they have a tutorial. 259 00:37:59.219 --> 00:38:04.349 And you drag and drop Gates and you can. 260 00:38:04.349 --> 00:38:12.690 Actually, and what they show you is actually they visualize what the output would be. Now, the thing. 261 00:38:12.690 --> 00:38:16.710 With the with the IBM quantum computers, it's very noisy. 262 00:38:16.710 --> 00:38:21.119 And you have a, not gate or controlled not a. 263 00:38:21.119 --> 00:38:25.590 Basically, maybe 1 or 2% of the time, it might go wrong. 264 00:38:25.590 --> 00:38:31.710 And you measure it might go wrong and actually quantify the noise for you. So, what they do. 265 00:38:33.119 --> 00:38:37.289 And also, of course, the measurements, if you're measuring a proposed gate. 266 00:38:37.289 --> 00:38:41.159 Then you'll get 1 of the, you know, the basis. 267 00:38:41.159 --> 00:38:45.090 Values and with profitability, equal to the. 268 00:38:45.090 --> 00:38:59.010 The square of the amplitude, the comp, you know, the magnitude of the amplitude it's not the square. It's absolute times. It's gone, but complex conjugate. So, what they do by default is they run your job 1024 times and do an average. 269 00:38:59.010 --> 00:39:02.369 And you can change that 1024 to something else. 270 00:39:02.369 --> 00:39:08.219 So that so that. 271 00:39:08.219 --> 00:39:11.610 Is everything is very noisy and they try to quantify the noise. 272 00:39:11.610 --> 00:39:17.010 Now, that's 1 thing with the simulator the simulator does not simulate the noise. 273 00:39:17.010 --> 00:39:26.010 Perfectly, and they talk about that, but in any case, so you have the IBM get simulator and you can also submit jobs. 274 00:39:26.010 --> 00:39:30.030 For the real machine, and they may run quickly, or they may take hours, depending. 275 00:39:30.030 --> 00:39:33.719 Okay, and if I could share. 276 00:39:33.719 --> 00:39:37.469 If it ever start sharing, send me a message. 277 00:39:37.469 --> 00:39:45.690 Okay, now 1 of the problems with IBM is the frequency, the microwave frequencies each. 278 00:39:45.690 --> 00:39:56.070 Cubic gate has a different frequency, and the things tend to drift and the machines have to be recalibrated, taken off line and recalibrate it a couple of times a day. 279 00:39:56.070 --> 00:40:00.269 And this is a weakness of IBM technology, but strength. 280 00:40:00.269 --> 00:40:03.750 Is that it's gate speeds are faster. 281 00:40:03.750 --> 00:40:06.840 I forget how fast they are, but they're faster than trapped. I, on. 282 00:40:06.840 --> 00:40:15.300 Now, it's the other issues with IBM is they have also. 283 00:40:15.300 --> 00:40:19.769 You can also with the microwaves, you can rotate the phase. 284 00:40:19.769 --> 00:40:24.989 Of a cube bit, and so they have an arbitrary rotate operator. 285 00:40:24.989 --> 00:40:30.809 Which rotates secure bit by whatever angle you want and of course, that's noisy. Somewhat also. 286 00:40:32.219 --> 00:40:35.880 Um, so that's IBM technology. 287 00:40:39.269 --> 00:40:42.840 And I've seen their machine on Google. 288 00:40:42.840 --> 00:40:49.110 Toured at last March, like a week before everything shut down. So we just got in under the gate. 289 00:40:50.250 --> 00:40:54.570 And we met a mass file and so on. Okay. So that's. 290 00:40:56.070 --> 00:41:00.449 That's IBM machine and I encourage you to create accounts on it. 291 00:41:00.449 --> 00:41:05.760 There's a lot of documentation around here, and you can just go to the. 292 00:41:05.760 --> 00:41:09.239 Quantum computing website that IBM website. 293 00:41:09.239 --> 00:41:14.789 Dot com website, they have a lot of papers. They have examples. 294 00:41:14.789 --> 00:41:25.530 Would run a whole course based on that, and you can have fun looking at state different algorithms. They have talk about different algorithms, the real systems in the simulator. So, IBM. 295 00:41:25.530 --> 00:41:28.590 Is 1 of the leaders in the field so. 296 00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:33.150 Okay, and they have 2 different websites. 297 00:41:33.150 --> 00:41:36.480 I am quantum computer, they have to get hub. 298 00:41:36.480 --> 00:41:42.389 Get, and I have the link also from my summary page. 299 00:41:42.925 --> 00:41:51.505 And if you go to this is the open source software development kit for quantum computers, they pulses circuits algorithms. 300 00:41:52.014 --> 00:42:01.434 So the different levels of abstraction that the low level or pulses that affect cubax and then you combine Gates into circuits. And then. 301 00:42:01.710 --> 00:42:09.809 Combined circuits and algorithms, and they've got Jupiter notebooks and they have a lot of information here for you. So you can. 302 00:42:09.809 --> 00:42:15.210 Spend all year at learning this stuff. Okay. Um. 303 00:42:15.210 --> 00:42:22.230 So, you can just clone the package and I haven't really use Jupiter notebooks yet, but they have Jupiter notebooks. If you want. 304 00:42:24.570 --> 00:42:29.519 Okay, tutorials presentations and so on. 305 00:42:29.519 --> 00:42:36.000 Get dot Org also talks about some stuff here. 306 00:42:36.000 --> 00:42:40.889 You can look at that. Okay. 307 00:42:44.190 --> 00:42:48.840 And I have some videos talking about stuff. 308 00:42:48.840 --> 00:43:00.000 So, and IBM is videos on their own site, they've got copies of them on YouTube. I got links to some of them. So you can have fun with that. 309 00:43:02.610 --> 00:43:07.409 And they have a whole series, they basically have a course on this. 310 00:43:07.409 --> 00:43:10.889 And you can go to their site or go to the. 311 00:43:12.329 --> 00:43:17.639 Go to you too. I think they're, they're possibly identical videos so. 312 00:43:19.320 --> 00:43:25.349 And they got a road map and so on and there predicting in 2 years 11,000 cubic machine. 313 00:43:25.349 --> 00:43:36.750 So, another fun place to go is stack exchanged as a quantum computer stack exchange dot com. And I like to sometimes browse around stack exchange. 314 00:43:36.750 --> 00:43:42.449 And see questions and so on. So you can have fun with that. 315 00:43:44.099 --> 00:43:53.070 Now, 1 thing with quantum computing, I had a blurb on earlier is something called quantum volume and. 316 00:43:53.070 --> 00:44:00.360 Quantum volume is an attempt to quantify how much work you can do on a quantum computer. 317 00:44:00.360 --> 00:44:09.510 And it's a product of effectively. Well, it's, it includes the number of Gates in your quantum computer. 318 00:44:09.510 --> 00:44:18.989 It includes how much how many Gates you can operate in sequence before they DCO here. So, the problem is this, that. 319 00:44:18.989 --> 00:44:28.409 1st, although you're at, like, whatever it is point 02, Kelvin or something there's still a very weak interaction with the outside world. 320 00:44:28.409 --> 00:44:33.119 And also there is the gates are noisy, as I said. 321 00:44:33.119 --> 00:44:40.469 Ibm, when I checked this morning on 1 of their machines, they said, like, their controlled not gate as a 2% noise. 322 00:44:40.469 --> 00:44:45.599 Let's say, so, what this means is the more gates in. 323 00:44:45.599 --> 00:44:49.289 Sequence you have the greater the. 324 00:44:49.289 --> 00:45:02.250 The greater the probability of the answer to being noise and when it gets to 50%, you got no information content. I guess. So, the quantum volume includes how many engage there are in your computer. 325 00:45:02.250 --> 00:45:11.610 Times a factor for how many how many computations serial you can do before the noise dominates. 326 00:45:11.610 --> 00:45:15.360 And also times a. 327 00:45:15.360 --> 00:45:20.130 3rd factor, which I think is how fast it's operating. 328 00:45:20.130 --> 00:45:24.780 So, it's attempt to measure the size of a quantum computer. 329 00:45:24.780 --> 00:45:31.349 Like, a classical machine, I can multiply my memory size by my cycle speed and so on. 330 00:45:31.349 --> 00:45:40.019 Okay, and it's getting more. Okay, so sites IBM sites I mentioned. 331 00:45:40.019 --> 00:45:44.519 So some of IBM. 332 00:45:44.519 --> 00:45:53.909 Competitors, so, IBM is also partnered with various universities, not with not with our API yet. We're trying to. 333 00:45:53.909 --> 00:45:58.320 So some of IBM competitors, Intel, as. 334 00:45:58.320 --> 00:46:03.480 I'm in section 7.2 of my. 335 00:46:03.480 --> 00:46:08.550 Of my summary bugs so Intel has a machine called tangle lake. 336 00:46:08.550 --> 00:46:12.510 And they got a page talking about their quantum computing research. 337 00:46:12.510 --> 00:46:16.289 Google is working on it. 338 00:46:16.289 --> 00:46:22.260 And they are partnered with whoever to maybe. 339 00:46:23.940 --> 00:46:30.869 And also, if you want to learn more, there are a summer symposium. I have that opening keynote here. 340 00:46:30.869 --> 00:46:37.079 On the quantum summer symposium from last summer there, quantum casts. 341 00:46:37.079 --> 00:46:40.829 So corners, quantum summary symposium as. 342 00:46:40.829 --> 00:46:47.159 But videos, bottom casts us good videos. So I'm pointing you to lots of more stuff. If you want. 343 00:46:47.159 --> 00:46:51.630 If you had Peter shore talking about quantum money. 344 00:46:51.630 --> 00:46:59.070 So, you can look at look at these videos if you want. 345 00:47:00.239 --> 00:47:08.579 So that was IBM that was Google. I'm sorry I mentioned D wave on Thursday. They have a different way of looking at this. 346 00:47:08.579 --> 00:47:18.960 And I've got several links here. I mentioned, I on Q, on Thursday there, people from college park University of Maryland, when moved to Duke. 347 00:47:18.960 --> 00:47:21.989 And kept Ion. 348 00:47:21.989 --> 00:47:29.849 And they've got a Web site that got a lot of information. So they say their technology is better than. 349 00:47:29.849 --> 00:47:34.469 We'll see Honeywell as, um. 350 00:47:35.699 --> 00:47:41.369 Is using trapped eye on and they're not so public about what they're doing, but they sold J. P. Morgan. 351 00:47:41.369 --> 00:47:46.079 On their stuff and J. P. Morgan is 1 of the world's largest banks. 352 00:47:46.079 --> 00:47:53.460 And so presumably they are. 353 00:47:53.460 --> 00:47:59.849 They wanted to acquire simulation with the financial system, because a big thing. 354 00:47:59.849 --> 00:48:05.159 In finance is what is a fair price for a financial derivative like. 355 00:48:05.159 --> 00:48:10.889 Like, an option to buy an option on Tesla, let's say, or. 356 00:48:10.889 --> 00:48:14.880 Game stop if you're insane. 357 00:48:14.880 --> 00:48:20.219 And so what's a fair price? And this is based on assumptions like. 358 00:48:20.219 --> 00:48:27.659 Interest rates and whatever. Was I in queue? Yeah. 359 00:48:29.699 --> 00:48:34.019 I can't remember that far back. Can mark. It might well have been so. 360 00:48:34.019 --> 00:48:45.809 I think I might have tried to show you something they had there was a lecture also last Thursday that was before class. I don't know if I told the class. This is this New York creates. 361 00:48:45.809 --> 00:48:51.900 I'll consortium that runs lectures and so on, which is nice. 362 00:48:53.280 --> 00:48:59.159 Yeah, so I on queue they think they're better than IBM. Ibm would beg to disagree with them. 363 00:49:00.389 --> 00:49:10.409 So, Honeywell is doing that so the problem is pricing options and other derivatives and if you can do it, right you can make an obscene amount of money. 364 00:49:10.409 --> 00:49:17.579 If you do it wrong and you're big enough, you can start to crash the financial system. 365 00:49:18.594 --> 00:49:19.614 An example, 366 00:49:20.485 --> 00:49:21.025 so there's, 367 00:49:21.025 --> 00:49:21.684 for example, 368 00:49:21.684 --> 00:49:33.775 there's a pricing scheme called the black shoals for options done about 20 years ago and 1 of the vendors of black shoals got the Nobel economics price. 369 00:49:34.079 --> 00:49:41.670 Economics, not a real Nobel, but it's close enough at black. Trolls is now obsolete, but. 370 00:49:41.670 --> 00:49:56.190 It was a state of the art in pricing options and again, 1 of the people involved in black shoals and joined a hedge fund called long term capital or something. And that was working very well. 371 00:49:56.190 --> 00:50:02.909 Until 1 day, it didn't and it caused a crash that, um. 372 00:50:02.909 --> 00:50:06.059 It affected the financial system, so. 373 00:50:06.059 --> 00:50:13.619 That's what I mean, about these systems work until they don't work any case massive computing power is useful. 374 00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:18.300 I got some sites here for this. 375 00:50:18.300 --> 00:50:21.750 Also, I'm in 7.7 now. 376 00:50:21.750 --> 00:50:27.570 Another company is. 377 00:50:27.570 --> 00:50:41.010 And next IBM person, based out of Berkeley, I like to mention the universities that these people came from and the previous jobs, because I think that's an indication of their competence in case. Forget he has. 378 00:50:41.010 --> 00:50:44.219 A lot of tools so here's the thing. Okay. 379 00:50:44.219 --> 00:50:49.019 If you got visions of making money off quantum computing. 380 00:50:49.019 --> 00:51:00.480 Where some of the money is to be made now, I think is at a level above the quantum computer itself, you can assume that IBM and, and whatever. 381 00:51:00.480 --> 00:51:05.969 They'll figure out how to make quantum computers, or at the engineering stage. Now it just. 382 00:51:05.969 --> 00:51:17.815 Getting debugging it and making it bigger and tuning removing noise. It's engineering. It's very hard, but there's a roadway clear okay. To how we're going to get bigger, better, quantum computers. 383 00:51:18.144 --> 00:51:21.744 So the next question is how to use the thing and that's hard. 384 00:51:22.019 --> 00:51:25.289 So, there are companies working on making tools. 385 00:51:25.289 --> 00:51:28.469 To use the quantum computer more effectively. 386 00:51:28.469 --> 00:51:33.539 All IBM has as a compiler and simulator compartment. There's also tools that. 387 00:51:33.539 --> 00:51:38.039 Might run black shoals or something and forget. 388 00:51:38.039 --> 00:51:45.929 Is 1 of those companies that talks about, they have a lot of tools available and has been observing a lot of. 389 00:51:47.730 --> 00:51:55.769 A lot of venture capital, so if you make it a success by how much venture capital you can get, then, hey. 390 00:51:55.769 --> 00:52:02.579 Their success, but my opinion is the last time I looked at their website technical details were a little sparse. 391 00:52:02.579 --> 00:52:07.739 So, it was more marketing than, um. 392 00:52:07.739 --> 00:52:19.530 Solid technical stuff. Any case I've got a blurb here. I'm in my forgetting section 7.7. I actually pasted in a quote from tech crunch a year ago about. 393 00:52:19.530 --> 00:52:26.280 They're calling it the middle where the quantum computing layer, the quantum computing stack and there are a number of companies in that. 394 00:52:26.280 --> 00:52:30.179 Now, forget, he's made some optimistic promise says and. 395 00:52:30.179 --> 00:52:33.300 Perhaps, you know, they may still. 396 00:52:33.300 --> 00:52:36.869 I don't think there and Nicole Motors, but, you know. 397 00:52:38.005 --> 00:52:43.644 Being optimistic, Zana do's another company that says they can operate at room. Temp. Okay. 398 00:52:43.644 --> 00:52:54.775 There's when I may gave you the 3 main hardware things, the transmission cube from IBM, Joseph superconducting to the ion cube, the trapped ion and then the. 399 00:52:55.440 --> 00:53:09.389 The D wave, which is also runs at cryogenic temperatures, those are the 3 main ones are other ideas out there. Also there's a tonics idea, which I don't completely understand, but it operates at room temperature. 400 00:53:09.389 --> 00:53:16.260 And so Zana do as a company that does that and I have a couple of links here for you to look at. 401 00:53:16.260 --> 00:53:29.610 And they have some Pre software tools. You see 1 way you get customers to use your computer. It says you create some tools to make it easier for the customers to use your computers and you make the tools free. 402 00:53:30.840 --> 00:53:40.739 And is a pile of other companies, so there's even another idea called top logical quantum computing to remove the noise. Okay. I listed the. 403 00:53:40.739 --> 00:53:46.170 I gave you, I showed you the video from explaining computers last time. 404 00:53:46.170 --> 00:53:53.070 And I showed you the 2020 visit video if you go back to 2019 and so on. 405 00:53:53.635 --> 00:54:05.514 It has information that the guy did not repeat in 2020, so more basic stuff. So it is actually worth your time on the explaining computers page to go back a year or 2 and look at 2019, 2018 and so on also, they're only 10 minutes. 406 00:54:05.514 --> 00:54:10.614 Okay, so I'm now in section 8 of my summary page, the what? I call the aggregators. 407 00:54:15.030 --> 00:54:20.639 And I mentioned Amazon, I paced I cut and paste and something from them. 408 00:54:21.840 --> 00:54:29.010 And they know what I did from my quantum computing course in the fall is I assigned homework on Amazon. 409 00:54:29.010 --> 00:54:43.375 So, I asked if the students were okay with spending their own money on Amazon and had no pushback at all those are the prize actually, but money, it's like 10 or 20 dollars. 1 person spent 10,200 dollars. 410 00:54:43.375 --> 00:54:45.353 But everyone else spent 10 or 20 dollars. So. 411 00:54:47.670 --> 00:54:50.760 And this is a way you can. 412 00:54:50.760 --> 00:54:54.719 Go and they've got several competing ones and this is okay. 413 00:54:54.719 --> 00:55:02.760 This is something I suggest for your resume so given that recruiters, they do keyword matching on resumes. So. 414 00:55:02.760 --> 00:55:14.760 What you got to do is what I call is a play judo against them and use their weaknesses against them as you're strains. And if companies are going to do keyword, matching on resumes. 415 00:55:14.760 --> 00:55:25.860 Put keywords on your resume honestly no cheating involved. Okay. Honestly so, what you do is you spend some time a weekend or whatever on Amazon. 416 00:55:25.860 --> 00:55:36.929 And actually run, right? I mean, all these places of demo programs, at least run the demo program. So now that you can say is that you ran a program on a real. 417 00:55:36.929 --> 00:55:44.610 Ibm quantum computer, and also you ran a program on a rely on computer and also you ran a program on a real D wave computer. 418 00:55:44.610 --> 00:55:48.989 And you can honestly say that, and you put these key words on your resume. 419 00:55:48.989 --> 00:55:58.019 And then go out and get rich, but don't despite and then don't buy RPI another performing arts center. We don't need anymore. 420 00:55:58.019 --> 00:56:04.679 Okay, so that was Amazon. Microsoft has a cloud service also with 3 platforms. 421 00:56:04.679 --> 00:56:07.949 And again, you can for a very low price. 422 00:56:07.949 --> 00:56:12.210 Good, well, if I go back to Amazon for a moment. 423 00:56:14.130 --> 00:56:24.989 So the thing with their elastic compute cluster, and they're also they somewhat, they use standard virtual machines. So, to some extent, you can migrate a virtual machine to your own computer. 424 00:56:24.989 --> 00:56:38.219 I haven't done it myself, but I think I could if I wanted to. So if you're doing small things, you're run them on Amazon because they've got the capacities. So you don't have to buy the hardware. I mean, Harvard even runs. It's large. 425 00:56:38.219 --> 00:56:43.619 Low level computer course on Amazon, partly because of the search capability. 426 00:56:43.619 --> 00:56:47.550 On this, of course, it developed by by former advisor actually Harry Lewis and. 427 00:56:47.550 --> 00:56:50.789 Of course, is incredibly popular and, um. 428 00:56:52.230 --> 00:56:57.030 My former advisor just retired from Harvard a couple of years ago actually. So. 429 00:56:57.030 --> 00:57:01.949 He's only like 5 years older than me. So, in any case. So the thing with Amazon, you got. 430 00:57:01.949 --> 00:57:09.690 You can grow, you don't have to buy more hardware, but you can also migrate their virtual machines to your local proprietary hardware. If you want. 431 00:57:09.690 --> 00:57:15.239 Now, what the crazy thing is with Amazon, that. 432 00:57:15.239 --> 00:57:23.280 And that, in some cases, when a check or something, I'm still busy the same. Well, crazy thing with. 433 00:57:23.280 --> 00:57:35.190 Amazon is that, in some cases, they're cheaper and buying your own hardware even if you use a lot like, they had 1 of the newest invidia GPU cards available for rental. 434 00:57:35.190 --> 00:57:44.070 And they were charging, like, a dollar an hour or some price for, for card that I think was 5,000 dollars to buy. In other words. 435 00:57:45.690 --> 00:57:56.909 You almost don't have to buy it if they have the hardware you want, and you can set to Amazon. So Microsoft has their cloud service also and several machines available. 436 00:57:56.909 --> 00:58:07.800 And so you can, so you can browse through here. I've got a lot of links here to the extent. You have time. 437 00:58:07.800 --> 00:58:13.800 They also have a long thing, quantum computing for computer scientists. 438 00:58:13.800 --> 00:58:19.050 And I showed you that video, in fact, and 2 parts on that's an example what IBM has. 439 00:58:19.050 --> 00:58:25.650 And just a summary what I actually showed you over 2 classes. 440 00:58:25.650 --> 00:58:29.639 So, you can have fun actually, if you want to learn more on your own. 441 00:58:29.639 --> 00:58:38.094 About browsing around there so again, your resume I see. Resume people say they don't see plus boss. You have a Python? 442 00:58:38.125 --> 00:58:46.704 Yeah, it's okay but it'd be more fun to see a resume that says people have programmed gateway program whatever. Okay. 443 00:58:47.010 --> 00:58:51.030 Any case now moving on to section 9. 444 00:58:51.030 --> 00:58:54.360 Of my summary. 445 00:58:55.829 --> 00:59:10.409 So, with IBM, I said that the cube, it's a connected on a plane or graph and it's not by any sense anywhere near a complete plainer graph or so you're using the simulator you're dragging and dropping. 446 00:59:10.409 --> 00:59:13.679 Gates sort of 2 inputs or even 3 inputs. 447 00:59:13.679 --> 00:59:22.710 Well, that gate that is 3 inputs has to be realized on a cube that connects to 2 other qbrs and that's not most of them don't. So. 448 00:59:24.389 --> 00:59:35.010 So the compiler actually has to move things around and it may have to copy actually move cube stage, the 1 cube, but you can't copy but you can move. 449 00:59:35.010 --> 00:59:40.380 And so on to have things run on the limited conductivity machine and. 450 00:59:40.380 --> 00:59:43.829 I was a compiler that does that and. 451 00:59:43.829 --> 00:59:51.690 That's a software thing that I mentioned, the middle where, and what I think. 452 00:59:52.135 --> 01:00:04.074 This is where that was the greatest opportunity. Now this has been a problem a lot in electrical computer engineering. Somebody produces a nice new piece of hardware, but the customers have no way to use it. 453 01:00:04.074 --> 01:00:11.065 So you got to make so if you can insert yourself in the middle, where level, and actually find a way to make money on it, this is good. 454 01:00:12.389 --> 01:00:20.460 Then I got more information here delved as a research group that has a lot of videos. 455 01:00:20.460 --> 01:00:25.380 And you can go and check more. 456 01:00:26.789 --> 01:00:31.920 I mentioned quantum circuits dot com. 457 01:00:31.920 --> 01:00:35.550 It's Microsoft and it's got a lot of investors so. 458 01:00:35.550 --> 01:00:38.550 Look at that. 459 01:00:40.440 --> 01:00:44.760 And I've got some other links, the IBM is a lot of good stuff online here. 460 01:00:46.889 --> 01:00:54.030 That they no reducing. The big problem is the IV machine is I keep saying it's reducing the noise. 461 01:00:55.769 --> 01:00:59.340 And there are meetings, American, physical society. 462 01:00:59.340 --> 01:01:04.650 Has meetings talking about this, and they have more information you can follow. 463 01:01:06.090 --> 01:01:15.239 Missile miss, there's other information, quantum computing UK as information. 464 01:01:15.239 --> 01:01:22.019 And if you're at the business level, that we're now seeing stuff aimed at businessmen. So. 465 01:01:22.019 --> 01:01:29.340 We know that it's the business has heard of this, because trustees have even heard of quantum computing. 466 01:01:29.340 --> 01:01:34.710 So, if it is, the trustees have heard of it, you know, that it's widely known. 467 01:01:34.710 --> 01:01:39.539 So, and. 468 01:01:40.920 --> 01:01:51.179 In fact, our API is as some new thrust, I don't know how public it is and 1 of the things is talking about. 469 01:01:51.179 --> 01:01:56.820 Is quantum computing effect has a, has a hiring side guys had a hiring freeze. 470 01:01:56.820 --> 01:02:04.170 The hiring freeze is getting weaker now and our API is actually saying that next year we will even try to hire. 471 01:02:04.170 --> 01:02:08.519 A new faculty member that does quantum quantum computing and re as research. So. 472 01:02:09.539 --> 01:02:16.260 Okay, so that miscellaneous stuff and section 11. 473 01:02:16.260 --> 01:02:19.289 On my page as quick demo. 474 01:02:20.519 --> 01:02:23.940 And then I have a summary here of my summary. 475 01:02:23.940 --> 01:02:28.800 So, if the quantum computing, it hasn't proved itself solidly yet. 476 01:02:28.800 --> 01:02:33.360 But I think it's in the engineering paid by the way there are some skeptics out there. 477 01:02:33.360 --> 01:02:36.630 That I think it will never work. 478 01:02:36.630 --> 01:02:46.469 And, you know, sometimes skeptics are correct, but I'm thinking at the moment, no, I mean, they're the level of skeptics who say that solar power. 479 01:02:46.469 --> 01:02:50.309 It will never work and. 480 01:02:50.309 --> 01:02:59.639 Who knows, you know, 120 years ago said that heavier than air flight would never work. I guess. I think the skeptics are wrong. 481 01:03:00.869 --> 01:03:06.869 And really, I think that this business I've done it again, it was a time they did Atomic Energy, thirties, forties. 482 01:03:06.869 --> 01:03:12.059 The theory and the authorities in the practice in the forties, and I'm thinking that this. 483 01:03:12.059 --> 01:03:20.579 The physicists have done it again, so we have fundamental transfer of computing. Now if I can get to a deep level, here's the issues of the universe. 484 01:03:21.750 --> 01:03:30.690 Is quantum mechanical. Okay the thing when I mentioned drug design and so on you do you know. 485 01:03:30.690 --> 01:03:36.690 Molecules are vibrating and folding and until they can latch together. 486 01:03:36.690 --> 01:03:41.489 And minimize their potential energy. This is a quantum. 487 01:03:41.489 --> 01:03:46.469 Mechanical process now, if you'd like to design things like drugs. 488 01:03:46.469 --> 01:03:53.940 You want to simulate and I work with this quantum process, but if we're doing this. 489 01:03:53.940 --> 01:03:58.679 If we're trying to analyze it and seem to disqualify prices with a classical computer. 490 01:03:58.679 --> 01:04:02.010 It's incredibly inefficient, so if we're. 491 01:04:02.010 --> 01:04:07.079 Using a quantum computer to analyze and simulate this quantum processed. 492 01:04:07.079 --> 01:04:10.409 The things is that it's the way to do it. 493 01:04:10.409 --> 01:04:18.539 And that's why the speed up works and we can't do everything faster with a computer, but we can do things faster that involve. 494 01:04:18.539 --> 01:04:22.650 Real World quantum problems, so. 495 01:04:24.360 --> 01:04:33.179 And that's so that's their idea. And actually, my recommendation to our API was that. 496 01:04:33.179 --> 01:04:39.570 Maybe don't spend so much time trying to build quantum computers, but they use. 497 01:04:39.570 --> 01:04:44.340 And can we work it into other programs game in simulation or something? 498 01:04:44.340 --> 01:04:48.150 Okay, so that's my summary. 499 01:04:49.170 --> 01:04:52.500 And I don't know what went wrong with the. 500 01:04:54.989 --> 01:04:59.730 With the same browsing with the. 501 01:04:59.730 --> 01:05:06.449 Sharing the screen maybe next time for Thursday, I'll rebook my computer. If there's any time. 502 01:05:06.449 --> 01:05:09.719 So, it's going to happen. 503 01:05:11.969 --> 01:05:25.380 I have 1 more slot on Monday, the 3rd, which will go to the 1st person who emails me I haven't checked email while I was lecturing. Other than that. Everyone else I'll just put into this Thursday and. 504 01:05:25.380 --> 01:05:33.269 Should also upload the homework that you've been doing? Oh, you owe me a project a progress report today. 505 01:05:33.269 --> 01:05:42.900 And I'll start doing more grading and then Thursday, if there is time available after the after your talk so I'll. 506 01:05:42.900 --> 01:05:48.119 See, if I can run, actually show you and so on. 507 01:05:48.119 --> 01:05:53.460 Other than that have fun and semesters winding down. 508 01:05:53.460 --> 01:05:57.000 If there's any questions no. 509 01:05:57.000 --> 01:06:00.929 If not, I'll see you on, um. 510 01:06:00.929 --> 01:06:04.409 Thursday. 511 01:06:04.409 --> 01:06:08.070 No questions goodbye. 512 01:06:12.510 --> 01:06:16.530 Let's see something here just a check here. 513 01:06:16.530 --> 01:06:20.760 And so how things are going, okay. 514 01:06:20.760 --> 01:06:23.159 In the meeting.